Journal Information
Vol. 7. Issue 37.
Pages 164-168 (July - August 1993)
Vol. 7. Issue 37.
Pages 164-168 (July - August 1993)
Open Access
Medidas Del Efecto De La Vacunación En Un Brote De Sarampión
Measures of the effect of vaccination on an outbreak of measles
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Carmen Amela Heras1,*, Isabel Pachón del Amo1, Consuelo Ibáñez Martí2
1 Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid
2 Servicio de Epidemiología de la Consejería de Salud. Comunidad de Madrid
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Resumen

Se estudian la eficacia vacunal, la efectividad de un programa de vacunación y la fracción de población que sería necesario vacunar para prevenir un brote de sarampión, en una población con programa de vacunación. Se aplica un modelo dinámico para enfermedades agudas de transmisión directa a partir de la tasa de transmisión, que es la probabilidad de que un susceptible adquiera la infección a partir de un individuo infectado durante un corto período de tiempo. Se realizó un estudio de base poblacional donde se recogían las tasas de ataque en vacunados y no vacunados, en un brote de sarampión ocurrido en 1990.

El programa de vacunación es responsable, en esta población, de la reducción del: 82,41 % de los casos en no vacunados, 98,45% del riesgo de enfermedad en vacunados y 97,29% de los casos en la población. En estas condiciones es posible la presentación de brotes de enfermedad los cuales podrían ser prevenidos si el porcentaje de población vacunada fuera superior al 95%.

Palabras clave::
Métodos epidemiológicos
Sarampión
Vacunaciones
Promoción de la salud
Summary

Vaccine efficacy, the effectiveness of a vaccination programme and the fraction of a population that would be necessary to vaccinate in orderto prevent a measles outbreakare studied in apopulation having a vaccination programme. A dynamic model for acute, directly transmitted diseases was applied, based on the rate of transmission, namely, the probability that the infectious agent is transmitted from an infected to a susceptible person within a short space of time. We carried out a population-based study where we observed the final attack rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated people for a measles outbreak.

In this population, the vaccination programme is responsible for a reduction of: 82.41 % of all cases in the non-vaccinated sector; 98.45% of the average risk of disease among the vaccinated; and 97.29% of all cases among the population as a whole.Underthese conditions there is the possibility of disease outbreaks arising, outbreaks which could be prevented if the percentage of the vaccinated population exceeded 95%.

Key words::
Epidemiological methods
Measles
Vaccination
Health promotion
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Copyright © 1993. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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