There are 6 sub-villages in the working area of Kassi-Kassi Public Health Center, those are Banta-Bantaeng with 6 alleys at Wistara category. Bonto Makkio Sub-Village had 30 alleys at Wistara category, 1 alley at Wiwerda category, and 7 alleys at Purnama category. Furthermore, Karunrung Sub-Village had 11 alleys in Wistara category and 3 alleys in Wiwerda category. Kassi-kassi Sub-Village had 26 alleys in Wistara category and 1 alley in Purnama category. Furthermore, Mapala Sub-Village had 21 alleys in Wistara category and Tidung Village had 10 alleys in Wistara category.

Furthermore, another location is Ujung Tanah Sub-District. Ujung Tanah Sub-District is a sub-district in Makassar City, South Sulawesi in which in terms of its jurisdiction, Paotere Port is equipped by Polices of Paotere Port Sector area whose jurisdiction is only in the port and separated from the policies of Ujung Tanah Sub-District. In this sub-district, there are nine sub-villages with area width of 5.94km2 including Camba Berua, Cambaya, Gusung, Pattingalloang, Pattingalloang Baru, Tabaringan, Tamalaba, Totaka, and Ujung Tanah. There are four sub-villages included in the working area of Pattingalloang Public Health Center, those are Camba Berua, Cambaya, Pattingalloang, and Pattingalloang Baru. Among those four sub-villages, there were healthy alleys that have been categorized in which Camba Berua had seven alleys at Wistara category and two alleys at Wiwerda category. Then, Cambaya Sub-Village had 1 alley in Wistara category and two alleys in Wiwerda category. Furthermore, Pattingalloang Sub-Village had eleven alleys in Wistara category and four alleys in Wiwerda category. The last is Pattingalloang Baru Sub-Village which has 1 alley at Padapa category, sic alleys at Wistara category, and 10 alleys at Wiwerda category.

This research illustrated that the healthy aspect was categorized as good (100 alleys), drainage and waste transportation were well-functioned (138 alleys), alleys’ utilization was categorized as good (85 alleys), environmental security system was categorized as good (90 alleys), non-smoking area was categorized as good (30 alleys) and activeness of integrated health post was categorized as good (120 alleys). The indicator of alleys’ beauty was categorized as poor, which means that the alley was utilized by did not look beautiful and pretty to be seen, while the educational media was also considered as poor in giving information and education to the community especially those who live at alley (see Table 1).

Cleanliness is a physical indicator that is directly seen by the community. The study showed that there were 100 alleys or about 62.5% of alleys categorized as clean. In general, the alleys were under the maintenance of the Public Health Center. The measurement of the cleanliness means clean from waste, lack of plastic waste on the alleys, and the availability of waste bin that will be carried out by the garbage man. Many studies showed the relationship between cleanliness and public health. Environmental cleanliness is considered one of the main factors of sustainability of healthy and comfortable life which is away from various diseases.11,12

Cleanliness is different from beauty although cleanliness is often paired with beauty.13 Clean alleys are not always beautiful. Beauty is related to the esthetics value. In this research, alleys’ beauty was measured from the organization of alleys condition so it looks organized. This research showed that there were 86 alleys (53.75%) categorized as less beautiful and very less beautiful. Alleys’ beauty needs to be concerned by the government and community in order for them to organize the alleys to become better. The term beauty is often used in school areas which is an organizing environment so that it is nice to look at.14,15

There are several classifications of drainage. According to the history of its making, there is artificial drainage with split stone pair construction. According to its function, it is categorized as a multipurpose channel. The problems of drainage channel conditions are the high sediment and the embankment is not high enough and cracked.16 Drainage is one of frequent environmental problems in urban areas. However, it is different from the alleys. This research showed that among 160 alleys, there were 138 alleys (86.25%) of alleys which had working drainage, while a small part of them do not function. Healthy drainage is a drainage condition in the alleys which have good function, has water streams and does not have a puddle.

Research results show that among 160 alleys, there were 138 alleys (86.25%) categorized as good. Waste transportation in alleys can be done through two approaches, those are community participation and assistance from garbage man. In long terms, waste transportation from households to temporary waste shelter is much expected thus it can guarantee the alleys’ cleanliness. However, health officers must present to assist the community to keep the alleys clean. There was almost no waste at the alleys both those which had temporary and permanent characteristics.

Alley is not only a residential area but part of it is also utilized by the community. Research results found that 85 alleys (53.12%) were utilized as alleys while the remaining were as living places. The utilization of alleys was in the form of decorative plants planting in front of the house and hydroponic vegetables planning for household consumption. Decorative plant planting is considered to have economic value by the community, thus they can obtain additional income to meet their needs. Alley can be developed based on the community property and potential. Thematic villages such as decorative plants village, tailor village, village for cake making also can be developed in alleys.

Research results showed that among 160 alleys, there were 94 alleys (59.3%) which had an active role in the environmental security system. The indicator of evaluation is the availability of Security Post and security schedule obtained and confirmed from the head of RW. Siskamling is regulated in the Regulation of the Head of Policies of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2007 Article 1 paragraph 6.17 It is stated that siskamling is a unit covering several components which depend on each other, related to each other.

The implementation of No Smoking Areas is a policy of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia which is then followed up at the provincial and district/city levels including in Makassar city. In Makassar city, there is Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2013 on Regional Regulation of Makassar city on No Smoking Areas.18 Alleys are not specifically stated but the alley is part of Makassar city area and may be categorized as another designated place. The result of research showed that there were only 30 alleys (18.75%) that implemented Non-Smoking Areas. This means that almost a few alley communities have implemented Non-Smoking Areas.

Among all healthy alleys’ indicators, Posyandu activeness is a quite good indicator, in which there were about 120 alleys (75%) categorized as good. These healthy alleys were developed by Puskesmas in the area. The evaluation of Posyandu activeness was measured from access to the nearest posyandu and the activities carried out. Posyandu Revitalization is one of the programs launched by Makassar city government through the Health Office to create Healthy Makassar.

The availability of educational media in the alleys is expected to be a means for the community to build awareness of the importance of health, safe, and clean environment. The results showed that the educational media was still relatively lacking, in which from 160 alleys, there were only 58 alleys (36.25%) which were in the good category. The educational media in the alleys was in the form of health messages or Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS), for example, keep clean. Even during the Covid-19 pandemic, health protocol messages for Covid-19 control were installed in urban villages including alley areas.

The working group of healthy alleys is one of the necessities in community development. The results showed that from 160 alleys, 114 alleys (71.25%) were in very poor category, only a few alleys had active working groups. The working group that was officially presented is a working group at the Healthy City Forum at sub-village level so that the organizational structure is the organizational structure under the Makassar Healthy City Forum. Its members are from the community, Posyandu cadres, community leaders, and religious leaders who are in the sub-village area.