Journal Information
Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 30-38 (January - February 2002)
Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 30-38 (January - February 2002)
Open Access
Los procesos de reforma y la participación social en salud en América Latina
The reform process and social participation in health in Latin America
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M.L. Vázqueza,
Corresponding author
mlvazquez@chccig.com

Correspondencia: Dra. María Luisa Vázquez Navarrete. Investigación y Desarrollo. CHC Consultoría y Gestión. Avda. Tibidabo, 21. 08022 Barcelona.
, E. Siqueirab, I. Kruzeb,c, A. Da Silvac, I.C. Leiteb
a Consorcio Hospitalario de Cataluña. España.
b Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco. Brasil.
c Universidad Federal de Pernambuco. Brasil.
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Actualmente, muchos países en todo el mundo están llevando a cabo reformas de sus sistemas de salud. Estas reformas, si bien difieren de acuerdo con las características del país, comparten muchas de sus políticas, y una de éstas es la promoción de la participación social en salud. Con todo, esta política no es una iniciativa nueva en lo que a organización de los servicios de salud se refiere. A lo largo del último siglo la colaboración individual o colectiva de la población con los servicios de salud ha sido fomentada a partir de diversas filosofías y conceptos, y persigue objetivos diversos: desde la búsqueda de la colaboración de la población para la extensión de la cobertura de los servicios de salud al fomento de la creación de mecanismos que permitan a la sociedad ejercer un control sobre la actuación de los servicios. No obstante, para que exista algún tipo de implicación de la población con los servicios, deben confluir diversos factores, tanto relativos a los servicios como a la población. A pesar de que los marcos teóricos que han sustentado la participación social a lo largo del desarrollo de los sistemas de salud difieren considerablemente, su puesta en práctica ha compartido muchos elementos comunes en todas las épocas, desde la participación como medio para obtener unos objetivos, a ser un fin en sí misma, como proceso democrático. Esto es también aplicable a la promoción actual de las políticas de participación social en el contexto de las reformas, que se analizan fundamentalmente a partir de los ejemplos de Colombia y Brasil.

Palabras clave:
Reforma del sistema de salud
Participación social
Latinoamérica
Abstract

Currently, many countries throughout the world are reforming their health services. Even though these reforms differ according to the country’s characteristics, they share many policies, one of which is the promotion of social participation in health-related matters. This policy, however, is not new in the field of health service organization. Throughout the last century, individual or collective collaboration between the population and health services has been promoted by several philosophies and concepts with different aims: from the search for collaboration with the general public to broaden public health system coverage to the promotion of the creation of mechanisms that would allow society to exercise control over these services’ performance. Nevertheless, for the public to be involved with these services, several factors concerning both the services themselves and the population, need to converge. Although the theoretical frameworks that have encouraged social participation throughout the history of the development of health systems differ considerably, their practical implementation shares many common elements in all periods, from participation as a means of obtaining certain objectives to being an end in itself, as a democratic process. This can also be applied to the current promotion of social participation policies in the context of health care reforms, which are analyzed using Colombia and Brazil as examples.

Key words:
Health system reforms
Social participation
Latin America
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