Journal Information
Vol. 18. Issue 2.
Pages 83-91 (March - April 2004)
Vol. 18. Issue 2.
Pages 83-91 (March - April 2004)
Open Access
La influencia de la red social en la salud mental de la población anciana
The influence of the social network on mental health in the elderly
Visits
5622
Carol Lahuerta, Carme Borrell
Corresponding author
cborrell@aspb.es

Correspondencia: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Pl. Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona. España.
, Maica Rodríguez-Sanz, Katherine Pérez, Manel Nebot
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumen
Objetivos

Describir la red social, el apoyo social y la salud mental en la población no institucionalizada de 65 o más años de Barcelona, y analizar la relación entre salud mental, red social y apoyo social según el sexo y el grupo de edad.

Metodos

Estudio transversal. La muestra esta formada por personas de 65 o más años entrevistadas en la Encuesta de Salud de Barcelona 2000 (389 varones y 609 mujeres). La salud mental se valoró mediante el General Health Questionnaire- 12 (GHQ-12). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, así como un análisis bivariado y multivariado (regresión logística), para evaluar la relación entre la presencia de trastornos mentales y las variables de red y apoyo social, ajustado por el estado de salud percibido y las discapacidades.

Resultados

Según el GHQ-12, el 21,8% de las mujeres y el 9,4% de los varones sufren trastornos mentales. El análisis multivariado en los varones pone de manifiesto que no ver a los amigos regularmente está asociado con sufrir trastornos mentales en el grupo ≥ 75 años (odds ratio [OR] = 5,76; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,77-18,7); el menor apoyo social, según el Perfil de Duke, y la falta de apoyo emocional están relacionados en los 2 grupos de edad analizados (65- 74 y ≥ 75 años). En las mujeres de 75 o más años, el no ver a los amigos regularmente también se asocia con la presencia de trastornos mentales, y el menor apoyo social según el Perfil de Duke se asocia en ambos grupos de edad analizados.

Conclusiones

Existe una relación entre la red y el apoyo social y la salud mental en la población anciana de Barcelona. Las políticas de integración social podrían tener efectos beneficiosos para la salud mental de esta población.

Palabras clave:
Salud mental
Apoyo social
Encuesta de Salud
Ancianos
Abstract
Objectives

To describe social networks, social support and mental health among non-institutionalized individuals aged 65 years or older of Barcelona (Spain), and to analyze the relationship between mental health and social network and social support in this population by gender and age subgroup.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed. The sample consisted of individuals aged 65 years or more (389 men and 609 women) who took part in the Household Health Survey of Barcelona in 2000. Mental health was screened through the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). A descriptive analysis, as well as bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression), were performed to analyze the association between mental disorders and social network and social support, adjusted by perceived health status and disabilities.

Results

According to the GHQ-12, 21.8% of the women and 9.4% of the men had some mental disorder. Multivariate analysis showed that among men mental disorders were associated with not seeing friends regularly in the subgroup aged 75 years or more (OR = 5.76; 95% CI = 1.77-18.7) and with low social support according to Duke’s profile and lack of emotional support in both age groups (65-74 years and 75 years or more). For women, mental disorders were associated with not seeing friends regularly in the subgroup aged 75 years or more and with low social support according to the Duke’s profile in both age groups.

Conclusions

Mental health in the elderly population in Barcelona is associated with social network and support. Policies to promote social support could improve mental health in this population.

Key words:
Mental health
Social support
Health survey
Elderlys
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
L.F. Berkman, T. Glass.
Social integration, social networks, social support and health.
Social epidemiology,
[2.]
S. Cohen, L. Syme.
Issues in the study and appication of social support.
Social support and health, pp. 4
[3.]
J.S. House, K.R. Landis, D. Umberson.
Social relationships and health.
Science, 241 (1988), pp. 540-545
[4.]
J. Cassel.
The contribution of the social enviroment to host resistence.
Am J Epidemiol, 104 (1976), pp. 107-123
[5.]
T. Seeman.
Social ties and health: the benefits of social integration.
Ann Epidemiol, 6 (1996), pp. 442-451
[6.]
T.R. Lynch, T. Mendelson, C.J. Robins, K.R. Krishnan, L.K. George, C.S. Johnson, et al.
Perceived social support among depressed elderly, middle-aged, and young-adult samples: crosssectional and longitudinal analyses.
J Affect Disord, 55 (1999), pp. 159-170
[7.]
D.G. Blazer.
Impact of late life depression on the social network.
Am J Psychiatry, 140 (1983), pp. 162-165
[8.]
M.J. Prince, R.H. Harwood, R.A. Blizard, A. Thomas, A.H. Mann.
Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age. The Gospel Oak Project VI.
Psychol Med, 27 (1997), pp. 323-332
[9.]
A. Bowling.
Social support and social networks: their relationship to the successful and unsuccessful survival of elderly people in the community. An analysis of concepts and a review of the evidence.
Fam Pract, 8 (1991), pp. 68-83
[10.]
F. Béland, V. Zunzunegui.
La ayuda recibida por las personas mayores.
Rev Gerontol, 5 (1995), pp. 294-308
[11.]
J. Espejo, J. Martínez, V. Rubio, R. Dueñas, M.J. Fernández, A. Yun.
Recursos sociales en mayores de 60 años. Su relación con factores sociodemográficos y de salud (proyecto ANCO).
Aten Primaria, 21 (1998), pp. 88-96
[12.]
J. Ferrando, M. Nebot, C. Borrell, L. Egea.
Apoyo social y estado de salud percibido en población anciana no institucionalizada de más de 60 años.
Gac Sanit, 10 (1996), pp. 174-182
[13.]
M. Nebot, J.M. Lafuente, Z. Tomás, C. Borrell, J. Ferrando.
Efecto protector del apoyo social en la mortalidad en población anciana: un estudio longitudinal.
Rev Esp Salud Pública, 76 (2002), pp. 673-682
[14.]
N. Cerdà, M. Nebot, C. Borrell.
La xarxa social i la salut en la gent gran.
Barcelona Societat, 6 (1996), pp. 62-69
[15.]
M.V. Zunzunegui, F. Beland, A. Otero.
Support from children, living arrangements, self-rated health and depressive symptoms of older people in Spain.
Int J Epidemiol, 30 (2001), pp. 1090-1099
[16.]
C. Borrell, M. Rodríguez, L. Baranda.
Manual de l’Enquesta de Salut de Barcelona 2000, Institut Municipal de Salut Pública, (2002),
[17.]
D. Goldberg.
The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire, Oxford University Press, (1972),
[18.]
La medida de la salud. Revisión de escalas de medida de la calidad de vida.
Cuestionario de salud general (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ),
[19.]
Gispert R, Rajmil L, Schiaffino A, Herdman M. Sociodemographic and health-related correlates of psychiatric distress in a general population [en prensa]. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
[20.]
Measures of social support.
Measures of need and outcome for primary health care,
[21.]
W.E. Broadhead, S.H. Gehlbach, F.V. Degruy, B.H. Kaplan.
The Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire: measurement of social support in family medicine patients.
Med Care, 26 (1988), pp. 709-723
[22.]
J.A. Bellón, A. Delgado, J.D. Luna, P. Lardelli.
Validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario de apoyo social funcional Duke-UNC-11.
Aten Primaria, 18 (1996), pp. 153-162
[23.]
S. Katz, A.B. Ford, R.W. Moskowitz, B.A. Jackson, M.W. Jaffe.
Studies of illness in the aged. The index ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
JAMA, 185 (1963), pp. 94-99
[24.]
E.L. Idler, Y. Benyamini.
Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven community studies.
J Health Soc Behav, 38 (1997), pp. 21-37
[25.]
Grupo de trabajo de la SEE y de la SEMFyC.
Una propuesta de medida de la clase social.
Aten Primaria, 25 (2000), pp. 350-363
[26.]
D.W. Hosmer, S. Lemeshow.
Applied logistic regression, John Wiley and Sons Ins, (1989),
[27.]
M. Guillen, S. Juncà, M. Rue, J.M. Aragay.
Efecto del diseño muestral en el análisis de encuestas de diseño complejo. Aplicación a la encuesta de salud de Catalunya.
Gac Sanit, 14 (2000), pp. 399-402
[28.]
S. Macintyre, K. Hunt.
Socio-economic position, gender and health.
J Health Psychology, 2 (1997), pp. 315-334
[29.]
E.L. Goldberg, P. Van Natta, G.W. Comstock.
Depressive symptoms, social networks and social support of elderly women.
Am J Epidemiol, 121 (1985), pp. 448-456
[30.]
T.E. Oxman, L.F. Berkman, S. Kasi, D. Freeman, J. Barrett.
Social support and depressive symptoms in the elderly.
Am J Epidemiol, 135 (1992), pp. 356-368
[31.]
R.J. Turner.
Social support as a contingency in psychological well-being.
J Health Soc Behav, 22 (1981), pp. 357-367
[32.]
H. Achat, I. Kawachi, S. Levine, C. Berkey, E. Coakley, G. Colditz.
Social networks, stress and health-related quality of life.
Quality Life Res, 7 (1998), pp. 735-750
[33.]
S.C. Ho, S.P.B. Donnan, A. Shan.
Psychosomatic symptoms, social support and self worth among the elderly in Hong Kong.
J Epidemiol Comm Health, 42 (1988), pp. 377-382
[34.]
J. Caron, R. Tempier, C. Mercier, P. Leouffre.
Components of social support and quality of life in severely mentally ill low income individuals and a general population group.
Comm Mental Health J, 34 (1998), pp. 459-475
[35.]
A. Bowling, M. Farquhar.
Associations with social networks, social support, health status and psychatric morbidity in three samples of elderly people.
Soc Psychatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 26 (1991), pp. 115-126
[36.]
S.A. Stansfelds, R. Fuhrer, M.J. Shipley.
Types of social support as predictors of psychiatric morbidity in a cohort of Bristish Civil Servants (Whitehall II Study).
Psychological Med, 28 (1998), pp. 881-892
Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?