Journal Information
Vol. 17. Issue 3.
Pages 249-255 (May - June 2003)
Vol. 17. Issue 3.
Pages 249-255 (May - June 2003)
Open Access
La evidencia del cribado del cáncer de mama: la historia continúa
The evidence on breast cancer screening: the story continues
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J.M. Borràsa,
Corresponding author
jmborras@ico.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.M. Borràs. Servei de Prevenció i Control del Càncer. Institut Català d'Oncologia. Gran Via, s/n, km 2,7. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, J.A. Espinàsa, X. Castellsb
a Servei de Prevenció i Control del Càncer. Institut Català d'Oncologia
b Servei d'Estudis. Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària
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Resumen

La publicación de la nueva revisión Cochrane sobre el cribado de cáncer de mama mediante mamografía ha iniciado un nuevo período de discusión y reflexión sobre este cribado. Los autores de dicha revisión se han reafirmado en la falta de eficacia del cribado mamográfico, mientras que la actualización de la revisión de los estudios suecos y dos nuevas revisiones sistemáticas realizadas por la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para la US Preventive Services Task Force y por un grupo de trabajo bajo los auspicios de la IARC, que han tenido muy en cuenta las discusiones sobre los aspectos metodológicos de los ensayos discutidos en los últimos años, se han reafirmado en la eficacia del cribado mamográfico. No obstante, sigue abierto el debate sobre la efectividad y las recomendaciones en mujeres menores de 50 años. El debate actual ha puesto sobre la mesa aspectos como la mejor medida de los beneficios de un ensayo sobre cribado o los potenciales efectos adversos del cribado en forma de sobrediagnóstico o sus repercusiones sobre el tratamiento, que se discuten en este artículo. Asimismo, nos reafirma en la necesidad de introducir cribados de beneficio demostrado y discutir e informar a la población sobre estos beneficios, pero también sobre los riesgos y las incertidumbres del cribado del cáncer.

Palabras clave:
Cribado
Cáncer de mama
Cáncer de próstata
Política sanitaria
Abstract

The publication of the new Cochrane review on screening for breast cancer with mamography has revived the debate on breats screening and raised some new topics. Whereas the Cochrane reviewers reasserted on their previous conclusion of the lack of efficacy of breast screening, the new review of the Swedish studies, the new systematic review of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality commissioned by the US Preventive Services Task Force, and the recent review of an IARC working group supported the efficacy of breast screening after carefully considering the methodological quality of trials. Nevertheless, the efficacy of breast screening for younger women remains controversial. The present controversy has raised other issues like the measure of the benefit in screening trials or the potential adverse effects of screening, particularly, overdiagnosis and its impact on therapy that are discussed in this papers. It also stresses of evaluating screening before introducing it and the need to inform the population about the benefits and the potential harms and about uncertainties about cancer screening.

Key words:
Screening
Breast cancer
Prostate cáncer
Health policy
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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