Journal Information
Vol. 17. Issue 3.
Pages 249-255 (May - June 2003)
Vol. 17. Issue 3.
Pages 249-255 (May - June 2003)
Open Access
La evidencia del cribado del cáncer de mama: la historia continúa
The evidence on breast cancer screening: the story continues
Visits
7254
J.M. Borràsa,
Corresponding author
jmborras@ico.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.M. Borràs. Servei de Prevenció i Control del Càncer. Institut Català d'Oncologia. Gran Via, s/n, km 2,7. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, J.A. Espinàsa, X. Castellsb
a Servei de Prevenció i Control del Càncer. Institut Català d'Oncologia
b Servei d'Estudis. Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumen

La publicación de la nueva revisión Cochrane sobre el cribado de cáncer de mama mediante mamografía ha iniciado un nuevo período de discusión y reflexión sobre este cribado. Los autores de dicha revisión se han reafirmado en la falta de eficacia del cribado mamográfico, mientras que la actualización de la revisión de los estudios suecos y dos nuevas revisiones sistemáticas realizadas por la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para la US Preventive Services Task Force y por un grupo de trabajo bajo los auspicios de la IARC, que han tenido muy en cuenta las discusiones sobre los aspectos metodológicos de los ensayos discutidos en los últimos años, se han reafirmado en la eficacia del cribado mamográfico. No obstante, sigue abierto el debate sobre la efectividad y las recomendaciones en mujeres menores de 50 años. El debate actual ha puesto sobre la mesa aspectos como la mejor medida de los beneficios de un ensayo sobre cribado o los potenciales efectos adversos del cribado en forma de sobrediagnóstico o sus repercusiones sobre el tratamiento, que se discuten en este artículo. Asimismo, nos reafirma en la necesidad de introducir cribados de beneficio demostrado y discutir e informar a la población sobre estos beneficios, pero también sobre los riesgos y las incertidumbres del cribado del cáncer.

Palabras clave:
Cribado
Cáncer de mama
Cáncer de próstata
Política sanitaria
Abstract

The publication of the new Cochrane review on screening for breast cancer with mamography has revived the debate on breats screening and raised some new topics. Whereas the Cochrane reviewers reasserted on their previous conclusion of the lack of efficacy of breast screening, the new review of the Swedish studies, the new systematic review of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality commissioned by the US Preventive Services Task Force, and the recent review of an IARC working group supported the efficacy of breast screening after carefully considering the methodological quality of trials. Nevertheless, the efficacy of breast screening for younger women remains controversial. The present controversy has raised other issues like the measure of the benefit in screening trials or the potential adverse effects of screening, particularly, overdiagnosis and its impact on therapy that are discussed in this papers. It also stresses of evaluating screening before introducing it and the need to inform the population about the benefits and the potential harms and about uncertainties about cancer screening.

Key words:
Screening
Breast cancer
Prostate cáncer
Health policy
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Biblografía
[1.]
X. Castells, J.M. Borràs.
Cribado de cáncer de mama: evidencia científica y medios de comunicación.
Gac Sanit, 14 (2000), pp. 97-99
[2.]
P.C. Gotzsche, O. Olsen.
Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justifiable?.
[3.]
O. Olsen, P.C. Gotzsche.
Cochrane review on screening for breast cancer with mammography.
Lancet, 358 (2001), pp. 1340-1342
[4.]
R. Horton.
Screening mammography: an overview revisited.
Lancet, 358 (2001), pp. 1248-1255
[5.]
L. Nystrom, I. Andersson, N. Bjurstam, J. Frisell, B. Nordenskjold, L.E. Rutqvist.
Long term effects of mammography screening: updated overview of the swedish randomised trials.
[6.]
H. Vainio, F. Bianchini.
Breast cancer screening. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. Volume 7.
[7.]
K. Kerlikomske, D. Grady, J.M. Rubin, Sandrock, V.L. Ernster.
Efficacy of screening mammography: a meta-analysis.
JAMA, 273 (1995), pp. 149-154
[8.]
L. Nyström, L.A. Rutgvist, S. Wall, A. Lindgren, M. Lindquist, S. Ryden, et al.
Breast cancer screening with mammography: overview of the swedish randomized trials.
Lancet, 341 (1993), pp. 973-978
[9.]
W.C. Black, D.A. Haggstrom, H.G. Welch.
All-cause mortality in randomized controlled trials of cancer screening.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 94 (2002), pp. 167-173
[10.]
T.C. Church, F. Ederer, J.S. Mandel, C. Parker, D. Dearnaley, M.H. Gail, et al.
Re: all-case mortality in randomized trials of cancer screening.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 94 (2002), pp. 861-870
[11.]
M. Peris, J.A. Espinàs, M. Bustins, A. Escobedo, J.M. Borràs, X. Puig.
Variations in use of breast-conserving surgery by patient, hospital. Characteristics, and region: a multilevel analysis.
Rev Oncol, 3 (2001), pp. 137-141
[12.]
J. Ringash.
and the Canadian Preventive Task Force. Preventive health care 2001 update: screening mammography among women aged 40-49 years at average risk of breast cancer.
CMAJ, 164 (2001), pp. 469-476
[13.]
US Preventive Task Force. Screening for breast cancer: recommendations and rationale. Rockville: Agency for Health Care Research and Quality [consultado 01/03/2002]. Disponible en: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/breastcancer/brcanrr.htm
[14.]
The Danish Council of Ethics.
Screening: a report.
[15.]
J. Wells, P. Marshall, B. Crawley, K. Dickersin.
Newspaper reporting of screening mammography.
Ann Intern Med, 135 (2001), pp. 1029-1037
[16.]
Resultados de la tercera ronda de cribado.
Distritos de Ciutat Vella y Sant Martí (Barcelona).
Boletín del Programa de Prevenció de Càncer de Mama (Consorci Sanitari de Barcelona, Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària), 12 (2001), pp. 10-12
[17.]
N. Ascunce, A. del Moral, A. Murillo, C. Alfaro, L. Apesteguia, J. Ros, et al.
Early detection programme for breast cancer in Navarra, Spain.
Eur J Cancer Prev, 3 (1994), pp. 41-48
[18.]
I. Vizcaíno, D. Salas, J.S. Vilar, F. Ruiz-Perales, C. Herranz, J. Ibáñez.
Breast cancer screening; first round in the population-based program in Valencia, Spain. Collaborative Group of Readers of the Breast Cancer Screening Program of the Valencia Community.
Radiology, 206 (1998), pp. 253-260
[19.]
L. Tabar, B. Vitak, H.H. Tony, M.F. Yen, S.W. Duffy, R.A. Smith.
Beyond randomized controlled trials: organized mammographic screening substantially reduces breast carcinoma mortality.
Cancer, 91 (2001), pp. 1724-1731
[20.]
E. Paci, D. Giorgi, S. Bianchi, V. Vezzosi, M. Zappa, E. Crocetti, et al.
Assessment of the early impact of population based breast cancer screening programme in Florence (Italy) using mortality and surrogate measures.
Eur J Cancer, 38 (2002), pp. 568-573
[21.]
R.G. Blanks, S.M. Moss, C.E. McGahan, M.J. Quinn, P.J. Babb.
Effect of NHS breast screening programme on mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales, 1990-8: comparison of observed with predicted mortality.
BMJ, 321 (2000), pp. 665-669
[22.]
T. Lee, T.A. Brennan.
Direct-to consumer marketing of high technology screening tests.
N Engl J Med, 346 (2002), pp. 529
[23.]
H.G. Juffs, I.F. Tannock.
Screening trials are even more difficult than we thought they were.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 94 (2002), pp. 156-157
[24.]
J.M. Borràs, M. Guillén, V. Sánchez, J. Juncà, R. Vicente.
Educational level, voluntary private health insurance, and opportunistic cancer screening among women in Catalonia (Spain).
Eur J Cancer Prev, 8 (1999), pp. 255-260
[25.]
H.V. Finenberg.
Technology assessment: motivation, capability and future directions.
Med Care, 23 (1985), pp. 213-218
[26.]
E. Marshall.
The debate on breast cancer screening.
Science, 295 (2002), pp. 1624-1625
[27.]
J. Morote.
Es lícit no detectar precoçment el càncer de próstata amb les evidències actuals?.
Ann Med, 84 (2001), pp. 229-232
[28.]
A. Auvinen, F. Alexander, H.J. de Koning, A.B. Miller.
Should we start population screeening for prosate cancer?.
Randomized trials are still needed. Int J Cancer, 97 (2002), pp. 377-378
[29.]
G. Yamey, M. Wilkes.
The PSA storm.
BMJ, 324 (2002), pp. 431
[30.]
P.M. Beemsterboer, P.G. Warmedam, R. Boer, J.M. Borràs, V. Moreno, P. Viladiu, et al.
Screening for breast cancer in Catalonia: which policy is to be preferred?.
Eur J Public Health, 8 (1998), pp. 241-246
[31.]
J.M. Borràs, J.A. Espinàs, P.M. Beemsterboer, A. Granados, H.J. de Koning.
Anticipating the consequences for primary therapy of breast cancer after introducing screening: a more global picture of health care policy making.
Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 14 (1998), pp. 268-276
[32.]
J.A. Muir Gray.
Evidence based health care.
Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?