Journal Information
Vol. 16. Issue 5.
Pages 385-391 (September - October 2002)
Vol. 16. Issue 5.
Pages 385-391 (September - October 2002)
Open Access
Enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en niños de la Región de Murcia
(Invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the region of Murcia, Spain)
Visits
5841
M.I. Espína,
Corresponding author
isabel.espin@carm.es

Correspondencia: María Isabel Espín Rios. Consejería de Sanidad de Murcia. Ronda de Levante, 11. 30008 Murcia
, A. Sandovalb,, J. Ruizc, J.A. Navarroa, J. Garcíad, D. Pérez Florese
a Servicio de Protección y Promoción de la Salud. Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo de Murcia
b Servicios Municipales de Salud. Ayuntamiento de Murcia
c Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia
d Servicio de Epidemiología. Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo de Murcia
e Departamento de Bioestadística. Facultad de Medicina. Murcia
In memoriam
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumen
Objetivo

La disponibilidad de una vacuna neumocócica conjugada plantea la necesidad de conocer la incidencia y características de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en niños de la Región de Murcia, con la finalidad de obtener información que pueda ser de utilidad para establecer adecuadamente las indicaciones de vacunación.

Métodos

Se ha realizado una búsqueda retrospectiva de casos de enfermedad invasiva por Streptococcus pneumoniae en menores de 15 años de edad atendidos en hospitales de la Región de Murcia durante el período 1991-2000. Las fuentes de datos utilizadas han sido las bases de datos de los Servicios de Microbiología, el Conjunto Mínimo de Datos Básicos, registro de altas pediátricas y Registro EDO.

Resultados

La tasa de incidencia para el período 1996-2000 fue, para los menores de 1 año, de 18,25 por 105 personas-año en el caso de enfermedad invasiva (10,6 para meningitis); para los menores de 2 años, de 13,6 para enfermedad invasiva (6 para meningitis); para menores de 5 años, de 8,9 (1,35 para meningitis), y para los menores de 15 años, de 3,7 (1,3 para meningitis). El 28% de los casos presentaba factores de riesgo. Las complicaciones alcanzaron el 35,2% y las secuelas el 5%. La letalidad fue del 11,8%. Los serogrupos prevalentes fueron el 19, el 6, el 18, el 5, el 14 y el 23.

Conclusiones

El alto porcentaje de casos con factores de riesgo de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva aconseja la implantación de programas de vacunación dirigidos a todos los niños con factores de riesgo. La incidencia de enfermedad neu-mocócica invasiva encontrada en la Región de Murcia difiere de la de otras zonas geográficas; sin embargo, la incidencia de meningitis es similar a la de otros estudios. La gravedad de la enfermedad justifica la realización de estudios coste-efectividad para valorar la posible incorporación de la vacuna en el calendario vacunal.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad neumocócica invasiva
Vacuna neumocócica conjugada
Summary
Objective

Because of the availability of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, the incidence and characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the region of Murcia should be determined. This would provide information that could be useful for properly establishing the indications for vaccination.

Methods

A retrospective search was conducted for cases of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in children aged less 15 years old treated in hospitals in Murcia from 1991-2000. The data sources were the databases of the microbiology services, the Minimum Data Set, the Pediatric Admissions Register and the EDO Register.

Results

The incidence rate for the period 1996-2000 was 18.25 per 105 children per year for children aged under 1 year in the case of invasive disease (10.6 for meningitis), 13.6 for those under 2 years for invasive disease (6 for meningitis), 8.9 for those under 5 years (1.35 for meningitis) and 3.7 for those under 15 years (1.3 for meningitis). Twenty-eight percent of the patients presented risk factors. Complications occurred in 35.2% and sequelae occurred in 5%. The mortality rate was 11.8%. The prevalent serogroups were 19, 6, 18, 5, 14 and 23.

Conclusions

The high percentage of patients with risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease suggests the need to implement vaccination programs aimed at risk groups. Although the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the region of Murcia differs from that in other areas, the incidence of meningitis is similar to that reported by other studies. Because of the severity of the disease, cost-effectiveness studies to evaluate the possible incorporation of the vaccine in the vaccination calendar are justified.

Key words:
Invasive pneumococcal disease epidemiology
Conjugate pneumococcal vaccine
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
WHO.
Pneumococcal vaccines.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 74 (1999), pp. 177-184
[2.]
American Academy of Pediatrics.
Pneumococcal Infections.
2000 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infections Diseases, pp. 453
[3.]
S. Black, H. Shinefield, B. Fireman, E. Lewis, P. Ray, P. Elvin, et al.
Eficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children.
Pediatric Infect Dis J, 19 (2000), pp. 187-195
[4.]
D.M. Musher.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 5th, pp. 2134
[5.]
D.G. Altman.
Practical statistics for medical research.
[6.]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children.
Re-comendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Morb Mortal Wky Rep, 49 (2000), pp. 1-35
[7.]
K. Sleeman, K. Knox, R. George, E. Miller, P. Waigth, D. Griffiths, et al.
Invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales: vaccination implications.
Epidemiol Infect, 183 (2000), pp. 239-246
[8.]
R. Von Kries, A. Siedler, H.J. Schmitt.
Proportion of invasive pneumococcal infections in German children preventable by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 482-487
[9.]
I. Venetz, K. Schopfer, K. Mühleman.
and the Swiss Pneumococcal Study Group. Paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Switzerland, 1985-1994.
Int J Epidemiol, 27 (1998), pp. 1101-1104
[10.]
J. Díez Domingo, A. Morant, I. Pereiro, C. Gimeno, J. Brines, A. González.
Childhood invasive pneumococcal disease in Valencia, Spain. Population-Based Surveillance System.
Actas del 17th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases; 1999 mayo 19-21. Heraklion, Greece, (1999),
[11.]
A. Domínguez, P. Ciruela, G. Martínez, G. Carmoña, N. Torner, N. Cardeñosa, et al.
Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants in Catalonia (Spain). [poster abstract session II]. Actas del 19th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID); 2001, marzo 26-28.
Istambul, (2001),
[12.]
S.L. Kaplan, E.D. Mason, W.J. Barson, E.R. Wald, M. Arditi, E.R. Wald, et al.
Three-year multicenter surveillance of systemic pneumococcal infections in children.
Pediatrics, 102 (1998), pp. 538-545
[13.]
J. Eskola, A.K. Takala, E. Kela, E. Pekkanen, R. Kailliokoski, M. Leinomen.
Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in children in Finland.
JAMA, 268 (1992), pp. 3323-3327
[14.]
D. Scheifele, S. Halperin, L. Pelletier.
Talbot J and members of the Canadian Paediatric Society/Laboratory Centre for Disease Control Immunization Monitoring Program. Invasive pneumococcal infections in Canadian children, 1991-1998: implications for new vaccination strategies.
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 58-64
[15.]
M.M. Levine, R. Lagos, O.S. Levine, I. Heitmann, N. Enriquez, M.E. Pinto, et al.
Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in infants and young children in Metropolitan Santiago, Chile, a newly industrialising country.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 17 (1998), pp. 287-293
[16.]
J.A. Soult, C. Rangel, M. Muñoz, J.S. Parrilla, F. Diaz, J.D. López, et al.
Meningitis neumocócica: características epidemiológicas, clínicas y bacteriológicas.
An Esp Pediat, 4 (2001), pp. 315-320
[17.]
F. Asensi, M.C. Otero, D. Pérez, P. Gregori, A. Orti.
Meningitis neumocócicas.
An Esp Pediatr, 54 (2001), pp. 120
[18.]
L.J. Baraff, S.I. Lee, D.L. Schriger.
Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children: a meta-analysis.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 12 (1993), pp. 389-394
[19.]
A. Fenoll, I. Jado, D. Vicioso.
Evolution of Streptococcuspneu-moniae serotypes and antibiotic resistance in Spain: update (1990 to 1996).
J Clin Microbiol, 36 (1988), pp. 3447-3454
[20.]
F. Marco, E. Bouza, J. Garcia de Lomas, L. Aguilar.
and the Spanish Surveillance Group for Respiratory Pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae in community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Spain: the impact of serotype and geographical, seasonal and clinical factors on its susceptibility to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 46 (2000), pp. 557-564
[21.]
A. Pantosti, F. D’Ambrosio, A. Tarasi, S. Recchia, G. Orefici.
Mas-trantonio P Antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Meningitis in Italy, 19971999.
Clin Inf Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 1373-1379
[22.]
C. Latorre, M. Sierra, J. Lite.
Estudio prospectivo de las cepas invasivas de Streptococcus pneumoniae aisladas en 16 hospitales de Cataluña durante 1996.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 17 (1999), pp. 286-291
[23.]
A. Fenoll, I. Jado, D. Vicioso, S. Berrón, J.E. Yuste, J. Casal.
Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in Spain: 1990-1999.
Acta Paediatr, 435 (2000), pp. 44-50
[24.]
B. Henriques, M. Kalin, A. Örtqvist, B.O. Liljequist, M. Almela, T.J. Marrie, et al.
Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in 5 countries.
J Infect Dis, 182 (2000), pp. 833-839
[25.]
K.M. Zangwill, C.M. Vadheim, A.M. Vannier.
Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Southern California: implications for the design and conduct of a pneumococ-cal conjugate vaccine efficacy trial.
J Infect Dis, 174 (1996), pp. 752-759
[26.]
M.I. Espin.
Incidencia de enfermedad invasiva por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b en la Región de Murcia.
Boletin Epidemiológico de Murcia, 18 (1997), pp. 17-23
Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?