Journal Information
Vol. 16. Issue 5.
Pages 392-400 (September - October 2002)
Vol. 16. Issue 5.
Pages 392-400 (September - October 2002)
Open Access
Coste-efectividad de la vacunación antineumocócica 23-valente en Cataluña
(Cost-effectiveness of 23-valent antipneumococcical vaccination in Catalonia, Spain)
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Resumen
Objetivo

La vacunación antineumocócica es un procedimiento efectivo para prevenir la neumonía neumocócica. En este estudio se ha evaluado el coste-efectividad de las estrategias de vacunación antineumocócica (23 serotipos) en la población de 5 o más años de Cataluña.

Métodos

El coste-efectividad se ha evaluado en términos de coste por año de vida ganado (AVG), comparando el coste neto del programa vacunal con su efectividad. El coste neto del programa vacunal se calculó restando a los costes de vacunar al 70% de la población la reducción de los costes sanitarios de la neumonía neumocócica que se puede conseguir con la vacunación. Los costes de vacunación se estimaron teniendo en cuenta un precio de 11,51 euros (1.915 ptas.) para la vacuna antineumocócica. Los costes y beneficios del programa vacunal se actualizaron para el año 1996 utilizando una tasa de descuento del 5%.

Resultados

Se obtuvo una razón coste-efectividad de 9.023,27 euros por AVG para la vacunación universal de la población. El coste-efectividad fue de 113.177,12 euros por AVG en los individuos de 5-24 años; de 19.482,51 euros por AVG en los de 25-44 años, de 7.122,80 euros por AVG en los de 45-64, e inferior a cero en los mayores de 65 años. En el grupo > 65 años, la reducción de los costes de la enfermedad superaba los costes de vacunación con una razón ahorro:coste de 1,58. Los resultados del análisis coste-efectividad eran sensibles al precio de la vacuna, la eficacia vacunal y el porcentaje de neumonías causadas por el neumococo, siendo menos sensibles a los costes de la neumonía neumocócica la tasa de ingreso hospitalario en los pacientes con neumonías adquiridas en la comunidad y la cobertura vacunal.

Conclusión

Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la vacunación antineumocócica debería ser una intervención preventiva prioritaria en los individuos de 65 o más años y los de 45 a 64 años.

Palabras clave:
Vacunación antineumocócica
Prevención
Estudios evaluativos
Coste-efectividad
Summary
Objectives

Pneumococcal vaccination is an effective procedure for preventing pneumococcal pneumonia. In this study we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination strategies (23 serotypes) in the population aged 5 years and older in Catalonia.

Methods

Cost-effectiveness was evaluated in terms of cost per year of life gained (YLG) by comparing the net cost of the vaccination program with its effectiveness. The net cost of the vaccination program was calculated by subtracting 70% of the population from the vaccination costs, representing the reduction in health costs due to pneumococcal pneumonia that can ve achieved with vaccination. Vaccination costs were estimated based on a price of 12.41 euros (1,915 ptas.) for pneumococcal vaccine. The costs and benefits of the vaccination program were updated for 1996 by using a discount rate of 5%.

Results

A cost-effectiveness ratio of 9,023.27 euros per YLG was achieved for universal vaccination of the population. Cost-effectiveness was 11,3177.12 euros per YLG in individuals aged 5-24 years, 19,482.51 euros per TLG in those aged 25-44 years, 7,122.80 euros per YLG in those aged 45-64 years and less than 0 in those aged 65 years and older. In this group the reduction in cost of the disease was greater than the vaccination costs with a cost-benefit ratio of 1.58. The results of the cost-efecctiveness analysis were sensitive to vaccine costs and efficacy and the percentage of pneumonias caused by pneumococcus but were less sensitive to the costs of pneumococcal pneumonia, the rate of hospital admission among patients with community-acquired pneumonia and vaccine coverage.

Conclusion

The results of this study show that pneumococcal vaccination should be a priority in individuals aged 65 years and older and in those aged 45-64 years.

Key words:
Pneumococcal vaccination
Prevention
Evaluative studies
Cost-effectiveness
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