Journal Information
Vol. 11. Issue 3.
Pages 122-130 (May - June 1997)
Vol. 11. Issue 3.
Pages 122-130 (May - June 1997)
Open Access
Construcción y validación de un índice de gravedad para pacientes hospitalizados en áreas clínicas
Development and validation of a severity of illness index for hospitalized patients in clinical areas
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R.E. Jiménez Paneque*, J. Vázquez García, H. Fariñas Seijas
Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico «Hermanos Ameijeiras». Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba
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Resumen

Las escalas de gravedad de la enfermedad para pacientes hospitalizados son utilizadas con frecuencia en la evaluación del desempeño de los servicios hospitalarios. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar y validar un índice cuantitativo que midiera la gravedad de pacientes durante su etapa de hospitalización y que fuera sencillo de obtener, a partir de los datos de la historia clínica. La construcción incluyó: la selección de componentes y la búsqueda de ponderaciones. Para esta fase se consultó la literatura y a especialistas y 74 historias clínicas de pacientes dados de alta proveyeron la base empírica. Como resultado se obtuvo un índice con dos variantes, uno cuantitativo y otro cualitativo ordinal con cuatro niveles. La validación incluyó cuatro aspectos de la validez, y la confiabilidad interna. Dieciséis especialistas evaluaron validez de contenidos y presentación. Cien historias clínicas sirvieron de base para evaluar la validez por construcción, de criterio y la confiabilidad. La validez fue satisfactoria en la mayor parte de sus aspectos. El índice de confiabilidad fue de 0,95. La concordancia entre jueces arrojó un coeficiente kappa de 0,4 para el índice ordinal y los coeficientes de correlación mayores de 0,93 entre todos los pares de jueces. El indicado se considera listo para aplicar en este contexto aunque se hacen algunas sugerencias para mejoras en el futuro.

Palabras clave:
índice de gravedad de la enfermedad
Calidad de la atención médica
Análisis de regresión
Confiabilidad
Validez
Summary

Severity of illness indexes for hospitalized patients are fren-quently used for the assessment of hospital performance. The purpose here was to develop and validate a quantitative index for clinical areas which could measure severity of illness during hospitalization period and would be easy to obtain from the information contained in a regular clinical chart. The construction included item selection and search for items weights. Experts and literature were consulted and 74 clinical records provided empirical information. The result was the proposal of an index with two alternatives: one quantitative and the other ordinal with four levels of severity. Validation included four aspects of validity, general reliability, interrater agreement and internal consistency. Sixteen specialized physicians assessed content and face validity. One hundred clinical records of discharged patients were used to assess criterion, construct validity and reliability. Results show satisfactory validity in almost all aspects. The reliability coefficient was 0.95, Kappa coefficient was 0.4 for the ordinal index and correlation coefficients over 0.93 for the quantitative one. The index is ready for current applications in this context although some suggestions for future improvements were also included.

Key words:
Severity ol illness index
Quality of care
Case-mix
Regression analysis
Reliability
Validity
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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