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"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar el impacto de los riesgos competitivos sobre el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y sus consecuencias en los estudios de casos y controles sobre la relación genenfermedades de comienzo tardío.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A partir de una población que, respecto de un determinado gen, se encuentre en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg al nacer, se deduce la composición genética cuando el gen está asociado con una enfermedad letal de aparición precoz, y sus consecuencias sobre una enfermedad de comienzo tardío. Cuando se realiza un estudio de casos y controles con muestreo por densidad se obtiene una estimación no sesgada de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span>, a pesar de que los controles no estén en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se presenta un ejemplo en el que el gen mutante se asocia con una mayor mortalidad precoz al romper el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y da lugar a que en un estudio realizado en edades más avanzadas los controles se encuentren en desequilibrio, con una <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> de 1,61.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusión</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque las principales causas de desequilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg en los controles son un sesgo de selección o un error de genotipificación, un riesgo competitivo de muerte asociado con el gen mutante puede ocasionar que la muestra de controles esté en desequilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg.</p>"
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"titulo" => "Abstract"
"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the impact of competing risks on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and their consequences in case-control studies of gene-late onset disease association.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Based on a population born in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a particular gene, the genetic composition when the gene is associated with a lethal early-onset disease and its consequences on a late-onset disease can be deduced. Odds ratios estimates are unbiased in case-control studies when controls are sampled by density, even if the controls are in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An example in which a mutant gene is associated with early mortality is presented, producing a departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; as a result, controls in later ages are in disequilibrium, producing an odds ratio equal to 1.61.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although the main causes of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in controls are selection bias or genotyping error, a competing risk of death associated with the mutant gene would also result in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium among controls.</p>"
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