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    "titulo" => "Nuevas y viejas adicciones: implicaciones para la salud pública"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n algunos autores&#44; cualquier conducta placentera podr&#237;a ser susceptible de convertirse en h&#225;bito y&#44; seg&#250;n las circunstancias&#44; en dependencia&#46; El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un repaso de la situaci&#243;n de las adicciones en Espa&#241;a y de las respuestas en pol&#237;ticas de salud que se han desplegado&#46; En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os Espa&#241;a ha experimentado un notable cambio en el tipo y en los patrones de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La evoluci&#243;n del consumo del tabaco sugiere que el pico de la epidemia ya ha pasado&#44; aunque la prevalencia es a&#250;n alta&#46; El consumo per capita de alcohol en los &#250;ltimos 25 a&#241;os se ha reducido en un 25&#37;&#46; Durante el mismo per&#237;odo&#44; el patron de consumo se ha modificado&#46; El consumo espor&#225;dico&#44; en episodios de &#171;atracones&#187; y la ingesta fuera de las comidas&#44; se ha revelado como uno de los patrones en alza&#46; Seg&#250;n el Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y las Toxicoman&#237;as&#44; en Espa&#241;a el 27&#44;8&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n comprendida entre los 15 y los 64 a&#241;os ha consumido una droga il&#237;cita al menos una vez en su vida y esta prevalencia era del 38&#37; en la poblaci&#243;n de 15 a 34 a&#241;os&#46; El cannabis es la sustancia m&#225;s consumida &#40;29&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n de 15-64 a&#241;os&#41;&#44; seguida por la coca&#237;na &#40;5&#44;9&#37;&#41; y el &#233;xtasis &#40;4&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Espa&#241;a es el tercer pa&#237;s de la Uni&#243;n Europea en consumo de cannabis&#44; &#233;xtasis y anfetaminas y el primero en consumo de coca&#237;na&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Con respecto a las denominadas adicciones comportamentales&#44; no existe consenso en el campo de la psiquiatr&#237;a&#46; La &#250;nica adicci&#243;n psicol&#243;gica con criterios diagn&#243;sticos claros es el juego patol&#243;gico&#44; el resto &#40;Internet&#44; sexo&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; probablemente por su novedad&#44; sigue siendo objeto de controversia&#46; Las nuevas adicciones&#44; tanto las producidas por nuevas sustancias como las del comportamiento&#44; van en paralelo al desarrollo de las sociedades industrializadas&#44; al ocio&#44; al tiempo libre y a una nueva forma de vida&#46; &#201;ste es un nuevo reto para la salud p&#250;blica&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">According to certain authors&#44; any pleasure giving behaviour may become a habit&#44; and depending on the circumstances&#44; an addiction&#46; The objective of this study is to examine the situation of addictions in Spain and the responses generated by health policies&#46; In recent years&#44; both the type and pattern of drug consumption in Spain&#44; has undergone a noticeable change&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Studies of the evolution of tobacco consumption suggest that the peak has passed&#44; even though prevalence is still high&#46; Alcohol consumption per capita has fallen by 25&#37; in the last 25 years&#46; During the same period&#44; pattern of consumption has been modified&#46; Sporadic drinking&#44; in episodes of binging and drinking away from meals&#44; is one of the patterns on the rise&#46; According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction&#44; in Spain&#44; 27&#46;8&#37; of the population between 15- 64 years old has consumed an illegal drug at least once in their lives&#44; with the prevalence rising to 38&#37; among the 15- 34 year olds&#46; Cannabis is the most consumed &#40;29&#37; among 15&#8211;64 age group&#41;&#44; followed by cocaine &#40;5&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; and ecstasy &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Spain&#44; comparing with other countries of European Union&#44; is the third in cannabis&#44; ecstasy&#44; and amphetamine and the first in cocaine consumption&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With respect to the so-called behavioral addictions&#44; no consensus in the field of psychiatry has been reached&#46; The only psychological addiction with clear diagnostic criteria is gambling&#46; The rest &#40;Internet&#44; sex&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; perhaps for their novelty&#44; continue to be the object of controversy&#46; New addictions&#44; as much to addictive substances as to addictive behaviors&#44; run parallel to the development of industrialized societies&#44; leisure&#44; free time&#44; and a new way of life&#46; This is the new challenge for Public Health&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Manual diagn&#243;stico y estad&#237;stico de los trastornos mentales&#46; Versi&#243;n espa&#241;ola de la de Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders&#58; DSM-IV"
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                          "autores" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo en Espa&#241;a en 1998"
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                            3 => "J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Enr&#237;quez"
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                      "titulo" => "Medici&#243;n de la exposici&#243;n al humo ambiental de tabaco en centros de ense&#241;anza&#44; centros sanitarios&#44; medios de transporte y lugares de ocio"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                            3 => "E&#46; Serrahima"
                            4 => "F&#46; Centrich"
                            5 => "O&#46; Ju&#225;rez"
                            6 => "C&#46; Ariza"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
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                      "titulo" => "Tendencias en el consumo de tabaco&#44; alcohol y cannabis de los escolares de Barcelona &#40;1987-1999&#41;"
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                            4 => "Z&#46; Tomas"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Informe sobre la salud de los espa&#241;oles&#58; 1998"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Gil"
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