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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preeclampsia is a condition established in the presence of specific hypertension caused by pregnancy&#44; increase in urine protein levels&#44; and accompanied by disorders of the system of other organs at the age of pregnancy above 20 weeks&#46; Diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy can be enforced into preeclampsia if the new symptoms arise in the form of increased urine protein levels exceeding 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; the ratio of protein&#58; serum urine &#8805;0&#46;3 or protein gain as much as 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;Dipping dip 1&#43;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preeclampsia is a condition that occurs only during pregnancy and is one of the three leading causes of maternal death in gestation&#44; childbirth&#44; and after childbirth and also the cause mortality and morbidity perinatal&#46; Most babies born from preeclampsia mothers will experience stunted fetal growth&#44; premature birth&#44; and low birth weight&#44; even to death&#46; Children born from preeclampsia mothers will have a higher risk of metabolic diseases than children born from normal mothers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many studies have reported that preeclampsia occurs due to a lousy presentation&#44; so that the oxidative stress of the placenta causes endothelial cell damage&#46; Increased Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 &#40;sFlt-1&#41; resulted in decreased PIGF and VEGF&#44; resulting in endothelial dysfunction&#44; which led to an increase in the production of ET-1 and increased blood pressure&#46; Many studies have also explained that endothelin-1 has a connection with the occurrence of preeclampsia due to its nature as a vasoconstrictor&#46; According to these reports&#44; ET-1 has been indicated to be associated with the pathogenesis of PE&#46; Some cohort studies showed increased plasma levels of ET-1 in preeclampsia&#44; with multiple studies indicating the circulation level of ET-1 correlates to the severity of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study used a cross-sectional study with a case&#8211;control design carried out from February to June 2020 and has received a recommendation of ethical approval with the protocol number UH19111014&#46; This study was conducted in several hospitals and health centers in Makassar city&#44; namely Dr&#46; Wahidin Soedirohusodo General Hospital&#44; Hasanuddin University State University Hospital&#44; health center Bara Baraya&#44; health center Mamajang&#44; and health center Antang&#46; Respondents in this study were divided into 37 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 53 pregnant women with normotension&#46; Criteria for respondents in this study were a pregnant woman 20&#8211;35 years old&#44; single pregnancies with &#62;20 weeks gestational&#46; Data collected included education&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; parity&#44; the distance of pregnancy&#44; and the age of gestational&#46; ET-1 Levels were determined using the ET-1 Elisa Kit with the ELISA method&#44; and MAP was collected by measuring blood pressure when the pregnant women came to health facilities&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Data collection techniques</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data related to demographics and obstetric history of the respondents were collected using a questionnaire through direct interviews with respondents&#46; Meanwhile&#44; researchers were assisted by laboratory personnel at the research hospital and health care for blood sampling&#46; The collected samples are then centrifuged and stored in a refrigerator at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; After all the samples had been collected&#44; the serum ET-1 level was examined using the ET-1 Kit by the ELISA method at the Research Center Laboratory &#40;HUM-RC&#41; of Hasanuddin Medical University&#46; The MAP was collected by measuring blood pressure when pregnant women came to health facilities&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Result</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">See <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1&#8211;3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on statistical tests in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> showed the gravida&#44; gestational age&#44; pregnancy distance&#44; income&#44; and education did not differ significantly either in the normotensive and preeclampsia group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Meanwhile&#44; the body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; showed a significant difference with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value of 0&#46;01&#46; Pregnancy women with high BMI are at 2&#215; higher risk of preeclampsia than pregnant women with a normal BMI&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and another study showed that the risk of PE increased from 4&#46;3&#37; in mothers with a BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> to 13&#46;3&#37; in mothers with a BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#91;1&#93;&#46; Based on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#44; it can be seen that there is a meaningful difference in ET-1 rate with a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#44; and there is also a meaningful MAP rate difference between the two groups with a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#46; These results are similar to some other research&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main findings in this study were that the correlation between ET-1 and MAP has a meaningful positive correlation &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;34 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; That means the higher level of ET-1 results in a higher MAP value too&#46; These results are similar to other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The failure of placentation and trophoblast invasion may interfere with the normal function of endothelial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The compounds derived by endothelial that may be played a role in the PE are Endothelin-1 &#40;ET-1&#41;&#44; an increase of ET-1 will also increase oxidative stress in the placenta&#46; Endothelial cells play a role in cardiovascular settings by producing vasoactive agents&#44; including vasodilator molecules and vasoconstrictor peptides&#46; Increased smooth muscle sensitivity by ET-1 affects peripheral vascular and vascular hypertrophy and participates in regulating blood vessel muscle tonus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> A vital stimulus to the release Et-1 is hypoxia&#44; ischemic&#44; and stress&#44; which induces messenger transcription of RNA ET-1&#46; In addition to the physical stimulation of endothelin production is also influenced by vasopressor hormones such as epinephrine&#44; angiotensin II&#44; and vasopressin arginine&#44; transforming growth factor &#946; &#40;TGF&#946;&#41;&#44; thrombin and Interleukin-1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ET-1 is a vasoconstrictor that can improve vascular resistance so that the diameter of blood vessels will be reduced and induced an increase of pressure on the blood vessels&#59; in the end&#44; there will be an increase in blood pressure or MAP&#46; Endothelial cells have an essential role in producing and balancing vasoactive substances such as vasoconstrictor substances &#40;ET-1 and Thromboxers&#41; and Vasodilatators &#40;NO and prostaglandins&#41;&#46; Damaged the endothelial cells resulted in the imbalance of the levels of vasoactive substances in the blood&#46; Increased smooth muscle sensitivity by ET-1 affects peripheral vascularity and vascular hypertrophy&#46; An increase in the ET-1 concentration of PE is usually followed by a decline in prostacyclin and nitric oxide production&#46; ET-1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Endothelial cell damage that occurs due to high blood pressure induces an increase in plasma concentrations of ET-1 in hypertension pregnancy&#46; An increase in the ET-1 production by small arterial endothelium can play a role not only in high blood pressure but also in accentuating the hypertrophic small artery remodeling in patients with moderate to severe hypertension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The serum ET-1 and MAP value levels can be used as a prognostic factor to detect PE in the early pregnancy&#44; but still need another study to support examinations to be researched&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the term as supporting data can be an early marker of the pathophysiological risk factors for preeclampsia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aims to determine the correlation between Endothelin-1 levels and mean arterial pressure &#40;MAP&#41; with preeclampsia so that their combination can be used as the predictor of PE in early pregnancy&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study used a cross-sectional study with a case-control design carried out in February to June 2020 in several hospitals and health centers in Makassar city&#44; namely Dr&#46; Wahidin Soedirohusodo General Hospital&#44; Hasanuddin University State University Hospital&#44; health center Bara Baraya&#44; health center Mamajang&#44; and health center Antang&#46; Respondents in this study were divided into 37 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 53 pregnant women with normotension&#46; This study&#39;s criteria for respondents were 20&#8211;35 years old&#44; single pregnancy with &#62; 20 weeks gestational&#46; Data collected included education&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; parity&#44; the interval of pregnancy&#44; and gestational age&#46; ET-1 levels were determined using th ET-1 Elisa Kit with the ELISA method&#44; and MAP was collected by measuring blood pressure when pregnant women came to health facilities&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean serum ET-1 levels in the preeclampsia were highest than normotensive with a significant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value of 0&#46;001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; The MAP in the preeclampsia was highest than normotensive too&#44; with a significant value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value 0&#46;001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#44; and there is a positive correlation between ET-1 and MAP with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;34 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value 0&#46;001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The combination of ET-1 and MAP can be considered as a prognostic factor to detect PE in early pregnancy&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
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            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Method"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
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            "identificador" => "abst0020"
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Nursing&#44; Health Science Students &#38; Health Care Professionals Conference&#46; Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Primigravida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Multigravida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Second trimester&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;13<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Third trimester&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;24 Month&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;58<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">BMI</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                      "titulo" => "angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in preeclampsia"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.prp.2017.10.021"
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                      "titulo" => "Endothelial Mechanisms in Preeclampsia&#46; Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases"
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