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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 63-70 (marzo 2006)
Open Access
La violencia también es un problema de salud pública
Violence is also a public health issue
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1389
Itziar Larizgoitia
Autor para correspondencia
Itziar_larisgoitia@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Itziar Larizgoitia. Avinyó, 27. 08001 Barcelona. España.
Grupo de trabajo para el estudio de la violencia colectiva de la SEE y grupo ISAVIC
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen

En 1996 la Organización Mundial de la Salud reconoció que la violencia es un problema de salud pública susceptible de estudio e intervención. En España, sin embargo, a pesar de que las estadísticas sobre maltrato y defunción entre compañeros íntimos continúan mostrando una tendencia creciente; a pesar de los primeros datos preocupantes sobre violencia en las escuelas, de que continúa habiendo un problema de violencia política persistente, y de haber pasado por la trágica experiencia de los atentados del 11-M, todavía no se ha producido un posicionamiento claro sobre el papel de la salud pública en el estudio y abordaje de la violencia. En este artículo se intenta caracterizar el impacto de la violencia en la salud de las personas, a partir de una revisión no sistemática de la literatura clínica, psicológica y social, y de datos sobre prevalencia existentes en España. Se presta especial énfasis a la violencia contra las mujeres y a la violencia de carácter político. El artículo señala la escasez de información precisa sobre la extensión del problema en sus diferentes manifestaciones, y sobre su impacto en la salud. El artículo recoge también las opiniones de algunos profesionales del sector sobre la relación entre violencia y salud pública. Concluye con un llamamiento a los profesionales y grupos interesados, incluidas las sociedades científicas del ámbito de la salud pública, a profundizar esta reflexión de cara a determinar con mayor precisión el papel de las estructuras de salud pública en el abordaje del problema de la violencia en España.

Palabras clave:
Violencia
Salud pública
Evaluación de necesidades
Condiciones sociales
Abstract

In 1996, the World Health Organization declared violence a major and growing public health problem across the world. In Spain, despite the growing incidence of reports of deaths and abuse due to intimate partners violence; the emergent data on school-based violence among children and adolescents; the persisting political violence and the tragic experience of the 11-M attacks in Madrid; a clear positioning over the role of the public health structures in the study and intervention of violence has not taken place. This article provides a characterization of the impact of violence in the health of its victims, as derived from a non-systematic review of the clinical, psychological and social literature. It also includes some prevalence data from Spanish studies. Special emphasis is given to violence against women, and political violence. The article highlights the scarcity of epidemiological data, which hinders the assessment of the health impact of violence in Spain. It brings, instead, the opinions of a number of public health professionals over the role of the Spanish communities of epidemiology and public health in this matter. The article concludes with a call to public health professionals, including the Spanish scientific societies involved in public health, to facilitate the public debate leading to the definition of the role of the Spanish public health in the understanding and reduction of the impact of violence on the health of its victims.

Keywords:
Violence
Public health
Needs assessment
Social conditions
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