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2 => "Áreas pequeñas"
3 => "Geocodificación"
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"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valorar si dos indicadores socioeconómicos (uno simple y otro compuesto) elaborados en el ámbito de sección censal permiten detectar desigualdades sociales en salud.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De la Encuesta de Salud de Barcelona de 1992 (ESB92) se han considerado el estado de salud percibido, la presencia de trastornos crónicos, el consumo de tabaco y la realización de una citología cervical preventiva, así como el nivel de estudios y la clase social. A partir del censo de 1991, como indicadores socioeconómicos de área se han calculado el porcentaje de desempleo y un índice de privación en las secciones censales. Se analiza la asociación entre las medidas socioeconómicas de área e individuales y la asociación de ambas con las variables de salud.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe una clara asociación positiva entre las medidas socioeconómicas de área pequeña y las individuales y, en general, con ambas se han observado similares efectos en diversos aspectos relacionados con la salud, tanto en varones como en mujeres. Con la mayoría de las variables analizadas, las diferencias son superiores con el índice de privación que con el desempleo. Así, en los varones la odds ratio ajustada por edad (ORa) de tener un estado de salud regular, malo o muy malo es de 2,0 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,4-2,9) en el cuartil más desfavorable de desempleo; en relación con el menos desfavorable y con el índice de privación, la ORa es de 2,7 (IC del 95%, 1,9-3,9), y en las mujeres las ORa son, respectivamente, de 1,8 (IC del 95%, 1,4-2,4) y 2,4 (IC del 95%, 1,8-3,2).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La clasificación por la situación socioeconómica del área de residencia, como la que permite el censo español, se puede aplicar a todos los miembros de una población y es útil para detectar las desigualdades sociales en salud.</p>"
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"en" => array:2 [
"titulo" => "Abstract"
"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess whether 2 area-level socioeconomic indicators (one single and the other composite) are able to detect social inequalities in health.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We used the Health Interview Survey of Barcelona, 1992. Perceived health status, the presence of chronic conditions, smoking, pap test, educational level and social class were analyzed. As area-level indicators, the percentage of unemployment and a deprivation index at census tract level were obtained from the 1991 census. The associations between area-based socioeconomic indicators and individual-level socioeconomic position, as well as the associations among both types of socioeconomic indicator and health, were analyzed.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A clear positive association was found between small area-based socioeconomic indicators and individuallevel indicators. Similar effects were observed for different health outcomes among men as well as among women. For most of the outcomes analyzed, the differences were greater with the deprivation index than with unemployment. Thus, in men the age-adjusted odds ratio (ORa) of average, poor or very poor perceived health status was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4- 2.9) in the most disadvantaged unemployment quartile in relation to the least disadvantaged quartile while with the deprivation index the ORa was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.9-3.9). For women these ORa were 1.8 (95% CI, 1.4-2.4) and 2.4 (95% CI, 1.8- 3.2), respectively.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Area-based socioeconomic indicators, such as those available through the Spanish census, can be applied in all members of a population and are useful for detecting social inequalities in health.</p>"
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