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    "titulo" => "Impacto del tabaquismo y del consumo excesivo de alcohol en la mortalidad de la población de la ciudad de Barcelona: 1983–1998"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar la mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo y al consumo excesivo de alcohol&#44; as&#237; como su evoluci&#243;n&#44; en la ciudad de Barcelona entre 1983 y 1998&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyen todas las defunciones de las personas residentes en Barcelona desde 1983 a 1998&#46; Los datos poblacionales se han obtenido de los Padrones de Habitantes&#46; La mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo y al consumo de alcohol se obtiene calculando las Fracciones Atribuibles Poblacionales a partir de los riesgos relativos de estudios previos en la poblaci&#243;n de los EE&#46;UU&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En 1998 se produjeron 2&#46;205 muertes atribuibles al h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; lo que represent&#243; el 13&#44;8&#37; de la mortalidad en la poblaci&#243;n de 35 a&#241;os o m&#225;s&#44; y una reducci&#243;n del 9&#44;6&#37; respecto a 1983&#46; Durante el per&#237;odo 1983- 1998 aument&#243;&#44; en varones y mujeres&#44; la mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n atribuible al tabaquismo &#40;155&#44;84&#47;100&#46;000 y 9&#44;39&#47;100&#46;000 habitantes en 1998&#44; respectivamente&#41; y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; &#40;95&#44;82 y 11&#44;29&#47;100&#46;000 habitantes en 1998&#41;&#46; La mortalidad por consumo de alcohol en 1998 represent&#243; el 4&#44;3&#37; de la mortalidad total&#44; reduci&#233;ndose en un 26&#37; desde 1983&#46; La cirrosis hep&#225;tica sigui&#243; siendo la primera causa de muerte atribuible al consumo de alcohol en varones en 1998&#44; aunque su importancia relativa disminuy&#243; &#40;17&#44;1&#37; de la mortalidad atribuible al consumo de alcohol en 1998&#44; 24&#44;3&#37; en 1983&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad atribuible al h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico y al consumo excesivo de alcohol ha descendido en la ciudad de Barcelona durante el per&#237;odo de estudio&#46; Asimismo&#44; se ha incrementado la importancia relativa de la mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo para el c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n y la EPOC en ambos sexos&#44; mientras que se ha reducido la proporci&#243;n de mortalidad atribuible al consumo excesivo de alcohol para las cirrosis hep&#225;ticas en el caso de los varones&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the mortality attributable to smoking and alcohol consumption in the city of Barcelona from 1983 to 1998&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All deaths among residents of the city of Barcelona from 1983 to 1998 were included&#46; Population data were obtained from the city inhabitants register&#46; The mortality attributable to smoking and alcohol consumption was calculated by population attributable fractions using relative risks from previous studies in the US population&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In 1998&#44; 2&#44;205 deaths were attributable to smoking&#44; representing 13&#46;8&#37; of all deaths among the population aged 35 years or older and a decrease of 9&#46;6&#37; compared with deaths in 1983&#46; From 1983 to 1998 there was an increase in smoking-attributable adjusted mortality rates for lung cancer &#40;155&#46;84&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants in men and 9&#46;39&#47;100&#44;000 in women in 1998&#41; and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; &#40;95&#46;89&#47;100&#44;000 in men and 11&#46;29&#47; 100&#44;000 in women in 1998&#41;&#46; In 1998&#44; deaths attributed to alcohol consumption accounted for 4&#46;3&#37; of total mortality&#44; representing a reduction of 26&#37; since 1983&#46; Among men&#44; the primary cause of alcohol-attributable mortality was liver cirrhosis &#40;17&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; although its relative importance decreased &#40;accounting for 17&#46;1&#37; of alcohol-attributable mortality in 1998 compared with 24&#46;3&#37; in 1983&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mortality attributable to smoking and alcohol consumption decreased in the city of Barcelona during the study period&#46; Smoking-attributable mortality from lung cancer and COPD increased in both sexes&#46; Alcohol consumption- attributable mortality from liver cirrhosis decreased in men&#46;</p>"
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