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"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La acumulación de factores de riesgo en los pacientes atendidos en el hospital es uno de los elementos que condicionan el aumento de la infección nosocomial y su mayor frecuencia en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Nuestro objetivo es la identificación de los factores de riesgo de la infección nosocomial en la UCI de nuestro hospital.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se efectuó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo sobre los 1.134 pacientes ingresados, al menos durante 24 h en dicha UCI durante el año 2001. El seguimiento de los pacientes prosiguió 48 h tras el alta del paciente de la unidad. Los factores de riesgo se identificaron mediante un análisis multivariable de regresión de Cox.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los factores de riesgo intrínsecos integrantes del modelo son el diagnóstico principal que motivó el ingreso del paciente en la unidad, la presencia de traumatismo craneoencefálico y la insuficiencia renal. Las técnicas invasivas que se asocian de forma independiente a la infección nosocomial son, de mayor a menor riesgo, el sondaje urinario, la traqueostomía, la ventilación mecánica, la inserción de un catéter de Swan-Ganz y la nutrición parenteral.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Si bien la mayor fuerza de asociación se encuentra entre los factores de riesgo endógenos, ya que son poco modificables, habrá que orientar las propuestas de mejora hacia los siguientes factores exógenos: ventilación mecánica, traqueostomía, sondaje urinario, catéter de Swan-Ganz y nutrición parenteral.</p>"
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"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The accumulation of risk factors in hospitalized patients is one of the elements contributing to the increase in the frequency of nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim was to identify nosocomial infection risk factors in the ICU of our hospital.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a prospective cohort study of 1134 patients admitted to the ICU for at least 24 hours in 2001. The patients were followed-up for 48 hours after leaving the ICU. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The intrinsic risk factors identified were the principal diagnosis motivating admission to the ICU, traumatic brain injury and renal insufficiency. Invasive techniques that were independently associated with nosocomial infection (from high to low risk) were urinary catheter, tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, Swan-Ganz catheter, and total parenteral nutrition.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although endogenous risk factors, which cannot be modified, represented the most important associated factors, steps to reduce nosocomial infections should concentrate on the following exogenous risk factors: urinary catheter, tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, Swan-Ganz catheters, and total parenteral nutrition.</p>"
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