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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar la asociaci&#243;n de los factores cognitivos del modelo de cambio conductual Attitude Self-Efficacy &#40;ASE&#41; a las diferentes fases de inicio del consumo de tabaco en adolescentes&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio transversal &#40;durante el a&#241;o 2000&#41; en el que se encuest&#243; al alumnado de 2&#46;&#176; de Educaci&#243;n Secundaria Obligatoria &#40;13-14 a&#241;os de edad&#41; de los institutos de educaci&#243;n secundaria p&#250;blicos de Cornell&#224; de Llobregat &#40;Barcelona&#41; sobre las actitudes y el consumo de tabaco&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica para identificar las variables asociadas con cada estado del consumo de tabaco &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#91;OR&#93; de experimentadores frente a no fumadores y de fumadores frente a experimentadores&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia del consumo diario de tabaco fue del 22&#44;9&#37; &#40;intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#44; 16&#44;5-29&#44;3&#41; en los chicos y del 36&#44;2&#37; &#40;IC del 95&#37;&#44; 29&#44;7-42&#44;6&#41; en las chicas&#46; Los determinantes de la experimentaci&#243;n &#40;frente a no fumar&#41; fueron las actitudes hacia el tabaco &#8211;desacuerdo con los espacios sin humo &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;46&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;65-7&#44;24&#41; y acuerdo con la promoci&#243;n del tabaco &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;42&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;42-8&#44;28&#41;&#8211; y la norma subjetiva &#40;amigos percibidos como fumadores&#58; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;50&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;17-5&#44;35&#41;&#46; Los factores asociados con el consumo regular de tabaco &#40;frente a experimentar&#41; fueron de autoeficacia y actitudinales&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Parece indicado trabajar los determinantes de norma subjetiva y las actitudes hacia el tabaco en programas dirigidos a edades m&#225;s tempranas&#44; ya que est&#225;n m&#225;s asociados con el paso de no fumador a experimentador&#44; e insistir m&#225;s tarde en las habilidades para el rechazo de tabaco ofrecido por amigos que cobr&#243; importancia en la fase de experimentador a fumador&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the association between cognitive factors of the behavioral change model &#171;Attitude Self Efficacy&#187; &#40;ASE&#41; at different phases of smoking initiation among adolescents&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We carried out a cross-sectional survey among students in the second grade of Compulsory Secondary Education &#40;13-14 years old&#41; from Cornell&#224; de Llobregat &#40;Barcelona&#44; Spain&#41; in 2000 to obtain information on cognitive factors and smoking&#46; Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the variables associated with smoking &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93; of experimenters vs&#46; non-smokers and of smokers vs&#46; experimenters&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of daily smoking was 22&#46;9&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#44; 16&#46;5&#37;-29&#46;3&#37;&#41; among boys and 36&#46;2&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#44; 29&#46;7&#37;-42&#46;6&#37;&#41; among girls&#46; Factors associated with experimenting &#40;vs&#46; non-smoking&#41; were&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">attitudes</span> to smoking &#40;disagreement with smoke-free areas &#91;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;46&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;65-7&#46;24&#93;&#44; agreement with smoking promotion &#91;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;42&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;42-8&#46;28&#93;&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">subjective norms</span> &#40;perceiving friends as smokers &#91;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;50&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;17-5&#46;35&#93;&#41;&#46; The variables associated with regular smoking &#40;vs experimenting&#41; belong to&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">self-efficacy</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">attitudes to smoking</span>&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Focussing on subjective norms and smoking attitudes with programs targetted younger ages seems appropriate&#44; since these factors are more closely associated with the experimenting phase&#46; Encouraging skills to refuse cigarettes offered by friends is appropriate at a more advanced age&#44; since this determinant is associated with the change from experimenting to regular smoking&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 19. Núm. 1.
Páginas 36-44 (enero - febrero 2005)
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Vol. 19. Núm. 1.
Páginas 36-44 (enero - febrero 2005)
Originales
Open Access
Factores cognitivos asociados con el inicio del consumo de tabaco en adolescentes
Cognitive factors associated with smoking initiation in adolescents
Visitas
1031
Mònica Cortésa,b, Anna Schiaffinoc, Mercè Martía, Esteve Fernándezc,d,
Autor para correspondencia
efernandez@iconlogia.net

Correspondencia: Esteve Fernández. Institut Català d’Oncologia. Avda. Gran Via, s/n, km 2,7. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
a Departamento de Salud Pública. Ajuntament de Cornellà de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
b Associació CEPS. Associació per a la Prevenció i la Promoció de la Salut. Barcelona. España
c Servicio de Prevención y Control del Cáncer. IDIBELL-Institut Català d’Oncologia. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
d Departamento de Salud Pública. Campus de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Estudiar la asociación de los factores cognitivos del modelo de cambio conductual Attitude Self-Efficacy (ASE) a las diferentes fases de inicio del consumo de tabaco en adolescentes.

Método

Se realizó un estudio transversal (durante el año 2000) en el que se encuestó al alumnado de 2.° de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (13-14 años de edad) de los institutos de educación secundaria públicos de Cornellà de Llobregat (Barcelona) sobre las actitudes y el consumo de tabaco. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística para identificar las variables asociadas con cada estado del consumo de tabaco (odds ratio [OR] de experimentadores frente a no fumadores y de fumadores frente a experimentadores).

Resultados

La prevalencia del consumo diario de tabaco fue del 22,9% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 16,5-29,3) en los chicos y del 36,2% (IC del 95%, 29,7-42,6) en las chicas. Los determinantes de la experimentación (frente a no fumar) fueron las actitudes hacia el tabaco –desacuerdo con los espacios sin humo (OR=3,46; IC del 95%, 1,65-7,24) y acuerdo con la promoción del tabaco (OR=3,42; IC del 95%, 1,42-8,28)– y la norma subjetiva (amigos percibidos como fumadores: OR=2,50; IC del 95%, 1,17-5,35). Los factores asociados con el consumo regular de tabaco (frente a experimentar) fueron de autoeficacia y actitudinales.

Conclusiones

Parece indicado trabajar los determinantes de norma subjetiva y las actitudes hacia el tabaco en programas dirigidos a edades más tempranas, ya que están más asociados con el paso de no fumador a experimentador, e insistir más tarde en las habilidades para el rechazo de tabaco ofrecido por amigos que cobró importancia en la fase de experimentador a fumador.

Palabras clave:
Determinantes cognitivos
Inicio de consumo
Tabaco
Adolescentes
Prevención
Encuesta
Abstract
Objective

To study the association between cognitive factors of the behavioral change model «Attitude Self Efficacy» (ASE) at different phases of smoking initiation among adolescents.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional survey among students in the second grade of Compulsory Secondary Education (13-14 years old) from Cornellà de Llobregat (Barcelona, Spain) in 2000 to obtain information on cognitive factors and smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the variables associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR] of experimenters vs. non-smokers and of smokers vs. experimenters).

Results

The prevalence of daily smoking was 22.9% (95% CI, 16.5%-29.3%) among boys and 36.2% (95% CI, 29.7%-42.6%) among girls. Factors associated with experimenting (vs. non-smoking) were: attitudes to smoking (disagreement with smoke-free areas [OR=3.46; 95% CI, 1.65-7.24], agreement with smoking promotion [OR=3.42; 95% CI, 1.42-8.28]), and subjective norms (perceiving friends as smokers [OR=2.50; 95% CI, 1.17-5.35]). The variables associated with regular smoking (vs experimenting) belong to: self-efficacy and attitudes to smoking.

Conclusions

Focussing on subjective norms and smoking attitudes with programs targetted younger ages seems appropriate, since these factors are more closely associated with the experimenting phase. Encouraging skills to refuse cigarettes offered by friends is appropriate at a more advanced age, since this determinant is associated with the change from experimenting to regular smoking.

Key words:
Cognitive determinants
Smoking initiation
Tobacco
Adolescents
Prevention
Survey
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