Respuestas rápidas

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Fernández, Begoña Olmos, Nicolás Olea" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Mariana F." "apellidos" => "Fernández" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "marieta@ugr.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "¿" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Begoña" "apellidos" => "Olmos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nicolás" "apellidos" => "Olea" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Investigaciones Médicas, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Mariana F. Fernández Cabrera. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Médicas. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Avda. Dr. Oloriz, s/n. 18012 Granada. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Exposure to endocrine disruptors and male urogenital tract malformations [cryptorchidism and hypospadias]" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2006-08-23" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-11-06" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13893" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Disruptores endocrinos" 1 => "Estrógenos ambientales" 2 => "Criptorquidia" 3 => "Hipospadias" 4 => "Factores de riesgo" 5 => "Exposición ocupacional" 6 => "Pesticidas" 7 => "Revisión sistemática" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13894" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Endocrine disruptors" 1 => "Environmental estrogens" 2 => "Cryptorchidism" 3 => "Hypospadias" 4 => "Risk factors" 5 => "Occupational exposure" 6 => "Pesticides" 7 => "Systematic rewiew" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "AntecedentesSe ha sugerido que la exposición maternoinfantil a compuestos hormonalmente activos (disruptores endocrinos) tiene en la etapa intrauterina una de sus fases más comprometidas. ObjetivoRevisar los estudios epidemiológicos, nacionales e internacionales, publicados entre 1990 y el primer trimestre de 2006, que tuvieran como hipótesis la asociación entre la exposición humana a disruptores endocrinos y el riesgo de criptorquidia e hipospadias. MétodosSe han buscado artículos en MEDLINE/PubMed mediante las palabras clave: disruptores endocrinos, xenoestrógenos, pesticidas organoclorados y criptorquidia e hipospadias. La selección de los 16 trabajos incluidos se hizo atendiendo al diseño y la población de estudio, las medidas de exposición empleadas, los criterios de exclusión e inclusión establecidos y el análisis estadístico utilizado. Resultados y conclusionesAunque los estudios aquí revisados no son concluyentes para confirmar la asociación entre disruptores endocrinos y riesgo de malformación del tracto genitourinario, tampoco demuestran la falta de tal asociación. Por este motivo parece razonable sugerir que este aspecto de la patología hormonal debería investigarse más en profundidad, resolviendo, al menos, el diagnóstico adecuado de los individuos y la estimación de la exposición a múltiples compuestos químicos, contaminantes ambientales, que actúan conjuntamente a través de mecanismos similares a las hormonas endógenas." ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "BackgroundIt has been proposed that the intrauterine period of child-mother exposure to hormonally active compounds (endocrine disruptors) is of critical importance. ObjectiveWe reviewed all Spanish and English-language epidemiological studies published between 1990 and the first trimester of 2006 that studied the possible association between human exposure to chemical compounds and the risk of cryptorchidism and/or hypospadias. MethodsThe MEDLINE (PubMed) database was searched using the following key words: endocrine disruptors, organochlorine pesticides, xenoestrogens, cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Selection of the 16 studies included was based on the following criteria: study design and population, the measures of exposure used, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the statistical analysis used. Results and conclusionsAlthough the studies reviewed do not conclusively confirm the association between exposure to endocrine disruptors and the risk of male genital malformation, this association cannot be ruled out. Further in-depth investigation of this association is required. 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            5 => "Occupational exposure"
            6 => "Pesticides"
            7 => "Systematic rewiew"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha sugerido que la exposici&#243;n maternoinfantil a compuestos hormonalmente activos &#40;disruptores endocrinos&#41; tiene en la etapa intrauterina una de sus fases m&#225;s comprometidas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisar los estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos&#44; nacionales e internacionales&#44; publicados entre 1990 y el primer trimestre de 2006&#44; que tuvieran como hip&#243;tesis la asociaci&#243;n entre la exposici&#243;n humana a disruptores endocrinos y el riesgo de criptorquidia e hipospadias&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han buscado art&#237;culos en MEDLINE&#47;PubMed mediante las palabras clave&#58; disruptores endocrinos&#44; xenoestr&#243;genos&#44; pesticidas organoclorados y criptorquidia e hipospadias&#46; La selecci&#243;n de los 16 trabajos incluidos se hizo atendiendo al dise&#241;o y la poblaci&#243;n de estudio&#44; las medidas de exposici&#243;n empleadas&#44; los criterios de exclusi&#243;n e inclusi&#243;n establecidos y el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico utilizado&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados y conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque los estudios aqu&#237; revisados no son concluyentes para confirmar la asociaci&#243;n entre disruptores endocrinos y riesgo de malformaci&#243;n del tracto genitourinario&#44; tampoco demuestran la falta de tal asociaci&#243;n&#46; Por este motivo parece razonable sugerir que este aspecto de la patolog&#237;a hormonal deber&#237;a investigarse m&#225;s en profundidad&#44; resolviendo&#44; al menos&#44; el diagn&#243;stico adecuado de los individuos y la estimaci&#243;n de la exposici&#243;n a m&#250;ltiples compuestos qu&#237;micos&#44; contaminantes ambientales&#44; que act&#250;an conjuntamente a trav&#233;s de mecanismos similares a las hormonas end&#243;genas&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It has been proposed that the intrauterine period of child-mother exposure to hormonally active compounds &#40;endocrine disruptors&#41; is of critical importance&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We reviewed all Spanish and English-language epidemiological studies published between 1990 and the first trimester of 2006 that studied the possible association between human exposure to chemical compounds and the risk of cryptorchidism and&#47;or hypospadias&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The MEDLINE &#40;PubMed&#41; database was searched using the following key words&#58; endocrine disruptors&#44; organochlorine pesticides&#44; xenoestrogens&#44; cryptorchidism and hypospadias&#46; Selection of the 16 studies included was based on the following criteria&#58; study design and population&#44; the measures of exposure used&#44; inclusion and exclusion criteria&#44; and the statistical analysis used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results and conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although the studies reviewed do not conclusively confirm the association between exposure to endocrine disruptors and the risk of male genital malformation&#44; this association cannot be ruled out&#46; Further in-depth investigation of this association is required&#46; Issues that remain to be resolved are the diagnostic classification to be used and appropriate measurement of exposure to multiple chemical compounds and environmental contaminants that act conjointly through mechanisms similar to endogenous hormones&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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        0 => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => false
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