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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las coberturas vacunales en escolares para la vacuna triple v&#237;rica &#40;sarampi&#243;n-rub&#233;ola-parotiditis&#41;&#44; DTP &#40;difteria-t&#233;tanos-tos ferina&#41; y poliomielitis&#44; obtenidas a partir de las vacunas distribuidas a los centros de vacunaci&#243;n&#44; las vacunaciones declaradas y el an&#225;lisis serol&#243;gico de anticuerpos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La cobertura vacunal se obtuvo a partir de los antecedents de vacunaci&#243;n recogidos en un cuestionario y mediante el an&#225;lisis serol&#243;gico de anticuerpos frente al sarampi&#243;n para la vacuna triple v&#237;rica&#44; y el t&#233;tanos para la vacuna DTP en una muestra representativa de escolares en 2001&#46; La cobertura vacunal por registros se obtuvo dividiendo el n&#250;mero de individuos que pod&#237;an haber completado la vacunaci&#243;n por la poblaci&#243;n objetivo&#46; Se evalu&#243; la concordancia entre los antecedentes de vacunaci&#243;n y los resultados serol&#243;gicos mediante el &#237;ndice kappa&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los escolares de 6-8 y 9-11 a&#241;os de edad se obtuvo una cobertura vacunal por cuestionario del 85&#44;5 yel 87&#44;6&#37; para la vacuna DTP&#44; del 89&#44;9 y el 89&#44;6&#37; para la vacuna triple v&#237;rica&#44; y del 90&#44;4 y el 89&#44;4&#37; para la vacuna poliomiel&#237;tica&#44;respectivamente&#44; mientras la cobertura vacunal por an&#225;lisis serol&#243;gico fue del 100 y el 99&#44;6&#37; para la vacuna DTP&#44; y del 85&#44;5 y el 93&#44;3&#37; para la vacuna triple v&#237;rica&#44; respectivamente&#46; La cobertura vacunal por registros fue significativamente mayor que la obtenida mediante estos 2 m&#233;todos&#58; un 93&#44;5 y un 100&#37; para la vacuna DTP&#44; un 96&#44;3 y un 98&#44;8&#37; para la vacuna triple v&#237;rica&#44; y un 100&#37; para la vacuna poliomiel&#237;tica&#46; La concordancia obtenida entre los antecedentes de vacunaci&#243;n y los resultados serol&#243;gicos fue muy baja &#40;&#954; &#60; 0&#44;2&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La planificaci&#243;n y la evaluaci&#243;n de los programas vacunales se deber&#237;a basar en las coberturas obtenidas mediante an&#225;lisis serol&#243;gico en muestras representativas de la poblaci&#243;n escolar&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study was to compare vaccination coverage in schoolchildren for the measles-mumpsrubella &#40;MMR&#41; and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis &#40;DTP&#41; triple vaccines&#44; and the poliomyelitis vaccine based on&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> vaccines distributed to vaccination centers&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> reported vaccination history&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c&#41;</span> serological analysis of antibodies&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vaccination coverage was calculated on the basis of vaccination history collected by questionnaire&#44; and by serological analysis of antibodies against measles for the MMR vaccine and against tetanus for the DTP vaccine in a representative sample of schoolchildren in 2001&#46; The vaccination coverage from vaccination registries was obtained by dividing the number of individuals who could have completed their vaccinations by the target population&#46; The concordance between the vaccination history and serological analysis was evaluated using the kappa test&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The vaccination coverage obtained by questionnaire in schoolchildren aged 6-8 and 9-11 years was 85&#46;5 and 87&#46;6&#37; for the DTP vaccine&#44; 89&#46;9 and 89&#46;6&#37; for the MMR vaccine&#44; and 90&#46;4 and 89&#46;4&#37; for the poliomyelitis vaccine&#44; respectively&#44;while the vaccination coverage obtained by serological analysis was 100 and 99&#46;6&#37; for the DTP vaccine and 85&#46;5 and 93&#46;3&#37; for the MMR vaccine&#44; respectively&#46; The vaccination coverages obtained from distributed vaccines were significantly higher&#58; 93&#46;5 and 100&#37; for the DTP vaccine&#44; 96&#46;3 and 98&#46;8&#37;for the MMR vaccine and 100&#37; for the poliomyelitis vaccine&#46; A low concordance was obtained between the vaccination history and serological analysis of antibodies &#40;&#954; &#60; 0&#46;2&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Planning and evaluation of vaccination programs should be based on vaccination coverages obtained from serological analysis of antibodies in representative samples of schoolchildren&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 19. Núm. 6.
Páginas 456-462 (noviembre - diciembre 2005)
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Vol. 19. Núm. 6.
Páginas 456-462 (noviembre - diciembre 2005)
Originales
Open Access
Evaluación de los programas de vacunación mediante estudios serológicos y vacunas distribuidas
Evaluation of vaccination programs through serological studies and distributed vaccines
Visitas
1014
Pedro Plans
Servei d’Avaluació de Programes. Direcció General de Salut Pública. Departament de Salut. Barcelona. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Antecedentes

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las coberturas vacunales en escolares para la vacuna triple vírica (sarampión-rubéola-parotiditis), DTP (difteria-tétanos-tos ferina) y poliomielitis, obtenidas a partir de las vacunas distribuidas a los centros de vacunación, las vacunaciones declaradas y el análisis serológico de anticuerpos.

Métodos

La cobertura vacunal se obtuvo a partir de los antecedents de vacunación recogidos en un cuestionario y mediante el análisis serológico de anticuerpos frente al sarampión para la vacuna triple vírica, y el tétanos para la vacuna DTP en una muestra representativa de escolares en 2001. La cobertura vacunal por registros se obtuvo dividiendo el número de individuos que podían haber completado la vacunación por la población objetivo. Se evaluó la concordancia entre los antecedentes de vacunación y los resultados serológicos mediante el índice kappa.

Resultados

En los escolares de 6-8 y 9-11 años de edad se obtuvo una cobertura vacunal por cuestionario del 85,5 yel 87,6% para la vacuna DTP, del 89,9 y el 89,6% para la vacuna triple vírica, y del 90,4 y el 89,4% para la vacuna poliomielítica,respectivamente, mientras la cobertura vacunal por análisis serológico fue del 100 y el 99,6% para la vacuna DTP, y del 85,5 y el 93,3% para la vacuna triple vírica, respectivamente. La cobertura vacunal por registros fue significativamente mayor que la obtenida mediante estos 2 métodos: un 93,5 y un 100% para la vacuna DTP, un 96,3 y un 98,8% para la vacuna triple vírica, y un 100% para la vacuna poliomielítica. La concordancia obtenida entre los antecedentes de vacunación y los resultados serológicos fue muy baja (κ < 0,2).

Conclusión

La planificación y la evaluación de los programas vacunales se debería basar en las coberturas obtenidas mediante análisis serológico en muestras representativas de la población escolar.

Palabras clave:
Vacuna DTP
Vacuna triple vírica
Vacuna poliomielítica
Plan de salud
Coberturas vacunales
Abstract
Background

The objective of this study was to compare vaccination coverage in schoolchildren for the measles-mumpsrubella (MMR) and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) triple vaccines, and the poliomyelitis vaccine based on: a) vaccines distributed to vaccination centers; b) reported vaccination history, and c) serological analysis of antibodies.

Methods

Vaccination coverage was calculated on the basis of vaccination history collected by questionnaire, and by serological analysis of antibodies against measles for the MMR vaccine and against tetanus for the DTP vaccine in a representative sample of schoolchildren in 2001. The vaccination coverage from vaccination registries was obtained by dividing the number of individuals who could have completed their vaccinations by the target population. The concordance between the vaccination history and serological analysis was evaluated using the kappa test.

Results

The vaccination coverage obtained by questionnaire in schoolchildren aged 6-8 and 9-11 years was 85.5 and 87.6% for the DTP vaccine, 89.9 and 89.6% for the MMR vaccine, and 90.4 and 89.4% for the poliomyelitis vaccine, respectively,while the vaccination coverage obtained by serological analysis was 100 and 99.6% for the DTP vaccine and 85.5 and 93.3% for the MMR vaccine, respectively. The vaccination coverages obtained from distributed vaccines were significantly higher: 93.5 and 100% for the DTP vaccine, 96.3 and 98.8%for the MMR vaccine and 100% for the poliomyelitis vaccine. A low concordance was obtained between the vaccination history and serological analysis of antibodies (κ < 0.2).

Conclusion

Planning and evaluation of vaccination programs should be based on vaccination coverages obtained from serological analysis of antibodies in representative samples of schoolchildren.

Key words:
DTP vaccine
MMR vaccine
Poliomyelitis vaccine
Health plan
Vaccination coverage
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