The urgency of strengthening health information to support public perception and involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine

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Every nation attempts to prevent the spread by boosting widespread immunity through vaccination programs. The target population for the distribution of vaccines in Indonesia is 208,266,720 individuals. Dose 1 and 2 that has been administered to 124,156,167 (19.61%) and 78,114,072 (37.51%) recipients on November 6, 2021 did not meet this target.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">1,2</a> Meanwhile, vaccine acceptance rates in several countries were recorded, and China was the highest recipient country at 91.3%, followed by European countries and the United States at 74% and 67%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">3</a> Distrust and doubt in the government are the main obstacles to the failure of the vaccine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">4</a> This literature study has a distinct benefit over prior studies, specifically the development of grounded theory through qualitative analysis with ATLAS.ti9.The reason for the reluctance to get involved in the vaccine is the concern about the effect<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">5</a> due to a history of past diseases such as heart and respiratory<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">6</a> and the reluctance to receive vaccines. People who lack adequate documentation fear being humiliated, rejected, and made a burden on the state if they visit vaccination centers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a> The same opinion was conveyed by previous research on reluctance due to doubts and inequality of vaccines. Furthermore, political and religious conspiracy theories discourage Pakistanis from receiving vaccines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">8</a>Based on this data, the formulation of the problem in writing a literature review is: what are the driving and inhibiting factors for community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine? How is the community involved in the vaccine? Therefore, this literature review is useful as a strategy to succeed and support the implementation of the vaccine program.Carson et al., <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a> described community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine as determined by trust in medical personnel, perception of infection, and safety. Sethi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">9</a> explored the driving and inhibiting factors for the absorption and conducted a quantitative analysis. The main obstacle to the vaccine's success was dispelling public doubts about the side effect.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">9</a> This literature review has an advantage that previous research has not conducted, namely developing grounded theory through qualitative analysis using ATLAS.Ti9 software after analyzing several selected articles. Therefore, this literature review is a development of previous theoretical concepts that are systematic and can be accounted for their objectivity and validity.The theoretical basis for building this prototype uses the Health Belief Model theory, adding to the perception of vulnerability. A person will take action to prevent disease and be willing to be vaccinated when they have low confidence and are susceptible to disease. Vaccines are believed to reduce their susceptibility to COVID-19 and encourage them to take positive action.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">10</a>This literature review aims to identify the factors that encourage and discourage community participation in the vaccine program. Therefore, this literature review found the right strategy to expand the reach and resolve public doubts on receiving the vaccine.MethodThe literature review uses secondary data from previous studies, and data collection was carried out for 1 week. The data search was conducted through the PubMed database, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Proquest. The search used the “boolean searching” method using the keywords “community engagement” AND “COVID-19 vaccine” AND “vaccine program” AND “vaccine acceptance” AND “community participation”. The tracing steps for determining samples using PRISMA developed by Page et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The total search for data based on the COVID-19 vaccine (n=11,599) focused on public acceptance (n=813) and community involvement (n=86), then searched by type of article (n=46). Furthermore, from 46 types, the selected articles were analyzed based on the PICOS inclusion criteria: 1) community population; 2) without intervention; 3) without comparison; 4) outcome: factors supporting, inhibiting, and accepting the vaccine; 5) research articles; 6) articles published in 2021; and 7) English.Each article was studied and analyzed according to the inclusion criteria. Many articles were eliminated because they did not meet the criteria, including an intervention. The results section did not describe the specified variables, and the research year was not 2021. The articles were analyzed using the qualitative software ATLAS.Ti9 after carrying out the identification, screening, and criteria determination stages. Articles that meet the criteria are stored in one folder and inputted into the ATLAS.Ti9 software for further data analysis.A total of seven international articles met the criteria and were sampled for synthesis and analysis. The inclusion criteria “outcome” was determined according to the purpose of writing a literature review. Variables were included in the PICOS method to reveal the factors that supported the community being involved and the vaccine. The issues that prevented the population from receiving immunizations were also identified, and the rationale for receiving the vaccine was examined in depth.The seven articles that fit the criteria were examined, synthesized, and displayed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>ResultsThe literature review results were obtained after carrying out the stages of identification, screening, and determining criteria until seven articles were analyzed. The articles were analyzed using the qualitative software ATLAS.Ti9. A literature review showed encouraging, inhibiting, and community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine.In accordance with writing to show community involvement, a variable construct was built based on the Health Belief Model theory, supported by Adebisi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">12</a> and Jones et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">10</a>, which describes that messages or information can optimally achieve behavior change when they target obstacles. Therefore, factors that hinder the administration of the COVID-19 vaccination should be investigated in depth based on several prior research. According to Jones et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">10</a>, self-efficacy can affect barriers, while self-confidence plays an important role in acting. This was described in the campaign (self-efficacy (perceived inhibition) scheme.The three themes that became the purpose of writing a literature review were driving factors, inhibiting factors, and perceptions of vulnerability<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">12</a>. As illustrated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>, seven themes or constructs were obtained.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The results of data analysis showed that seven themes are related to driving factors, inhibiting factors, and perceptions of community vulnerability. Previous studies analyzed seven articles with similarities and differences. In several countries such as America, Carson's research<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a> found that people's reluctance to participate in vaccination programs results from one day of lost productivity. Green et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">13</a> states that the inhibiting factor for people to receive the vaccine is their beliefs and doubt. Seale et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">14</a> explained that Australians are involved in the vaccine because they are susceptible to the disease. Therefore, people with chronic diseases are 1.4 times more likely to strongly agree to be vaccinated, in addition to family support. The results are the basis for the perception of vulnerability which is a variable between the driving and inhibiting factors. Based on research by Jones et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">10</a>, Green et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">13</a> and Seale et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">14</a>, it is important to add the perception of vulnerability as a constructed variable in the prototype.Some of the themes were found using the ATLAS.Ti9 software is the basis for developing the theory. The next phase in producing this theory is to examine the tight relationship between the literature study's themes and create a prototype model based on grounded theory. Meanwhile, the co-occurrence values are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The theme that has a very strong relationship is community involvement with driving factors (p=0.38), family support (p=0.13) and information reinforcement (p=0.10). The inhibiting factor has a strong relationship with the theme of rejection (p=0.32), conflicting information (p=0.25), drug distrust (p=0.25), perception of vulnerability (p=0.14), and conflicting information (p=0.10). Furthermore, vaccine refusal was caused by distrust of the drug (score=0.14), and conflicting information is related to reinforcement (p=0.18).The novelty of this research is the development of a grounded theory in the form of community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a> explains that community involvement is caused by driving factors, inhibiting factors, and perceptions of vulnerability. It is related to strengthening information, conflicting information, and perceptions of vulnerability. Family support and perceptions of vulnerability encourage people to administer the COVID-19 vaccine. There were four causes of inhibiting factors, namely distrust of drugs, uncertainty, rejection, and conflicting information.DiscussionCommunity involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine is determined by drivers, perceptions of vulnerability, and inhibiting factors. The perception of vulnerability can be a supporting or inhibiting factor influenced by information reinforcement. Strengthening positive information can alter the impression of community vulnerability, making it a compelling element for the community to participate in the COVID-19 vaccine. Family support and information reinforcement encourage community involvement. The incentive to encourage people to be vaccinated must be bolstered because they have been dissatisfied with previous medical care, resulting from informational uncertainty.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a> Intention to receive vaccines is influenced by motivation and psychological factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">15</a>The perception of vulnerability to being exposed to COVID-19 is an influential factor in community involvement in vaccine programs. As supported by earlier research, people with a low perception of becoming infected are reluctant to obtain the vaccine. The study explains the great confidence associated with involvement in the vaccine program. The people with confidence not to be exposed are reluctant to join the vaccine program.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">16,17</a>The inhibiting factors for community involvement in vaccines are conflicting information, mistrust of drugs due to uncertainty, and vaccine resistance. Relevant to previous research, the attitude of choosing not to play a role is significant to a lack of trust in doctors and nurses.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">18</a> The combination of health workers, professionals, and the role of the media is important to stop the pandemic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">19</a>The prototype model of community involvement is the government's strategy to increase the reach of the vaccine program by strengthening information. In line with these findings, Schoch-Spana et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">20</a> stated that the government and policymakers in the health sector are expected to find solutions to overcome this crisis. The acceptance strategy dispelled doubts about the vaccine's effect,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">9</a> and the public has considerations to deciding on vaccines, efficacy, safety, and public distrust of medical personnel. Perceptions of the risk of contracting COVID-19, emotional state, socio-political, mistrust, economic stability, and mental disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a>Strengthening information is a driving factor for community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine, and the wide acceptance through large-scale campaigns is important to consider.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">20</a> It is difficult to build public trust in vaccines, hence health workers need to open information posts and provide brochures containing correct information about vaccines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a> A survey by the Ministry of Health noted that respondents with low education had little knowledge about vaccines. The knowledge increases with increasing education and socioeconomic status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">21</a>Safe and quality vaccines are a challenge for all countries worldwide, and public communication is a key factor to be considered. The people of Indonesia and the rest of the world distrust vaccines and choose not to obtain their respective vaccinations. Meanwhile, people with good awareness of vaccines will voluntarily be vaccinated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">22</a> The reasons for rejection based on a survey conducted in Indonesia were dominated by vaccine safety (30%), doubting the effectiveness (22%), not believing in the effect (13%), fear of side effects (12%), and religious factors (8%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">21</a> Relevant to the results,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">23</a> the reasons for not being willing to receive the vaccine were due to side effects (65.5%) and lack of trust (55.2%). A previous study on 537 samples (91.2%) of COVID-19 vaccine recipients reported side effects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">24</a>Community participation in stopping the spread of COVID-19 is in the form of support for the environment, complying with large-scale social restrictions, and implementing health protocols. Bangladesh is carrying out a massive campaign to mobilize public participation in the program of up to seven million doses. However, most people are hesitant to receive the vaccine out of fear.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355">25,26</a>Vaccine doubt is a big problem in the world,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365">27–31</a> and in Indonesia, community participation in the programs is still low.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390">32–34</a> Doubts on vaccines have prevented people from participating in clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295">13,35</a> Contrary to previous studies, vaccine coverage is still low (37.5%) in the United Kingdom. The government's policy to prioritize vaccines for elderly groups vulnerable to the pandemic spread was accepted by 86% of respondents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">3</a> Older age and the male gender were more likely to participate in vaccine trials. Likewise, health care personnel at risk and likely to engage in vaccination clinical trials are eligible. The willingness to receive vaccines in the elderly group is higher.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370">28,36</a>Various factors determine vaccine acceptance at different rates. The COVID-19 pandemic emergency response strategy built solidarity to foster public awareness, trust, and participation. Furthermore, drug mistrust due to uncertainty is an obstacle to vaccine programs. Community leaders are involved in preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection by planning, building trust, and supervising the implementation of health protocols and vaccine programs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415">37–39</a> Positive public perception in Osun State - Nigeria is significantly related to the willingness to receive vaccines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">40</a> Accurate information about vaccines is the main factor in increasing public acceptance of Saudi Arabia. Samples with reliable information are more willing to be vaccinated than those unaware of the advantages of vaccines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435">41</a> Meanwhile, vaccine awareness is high due to getting the right information.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440">42,43</a>Community involvement in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine differs in each country, depending on the socio-cultural background. The rejection of vaccines in the United States is influenced by religious, cultural, and political aspects. Conflict exists between liberal groups who reject vaccines and conservative groups who support the movement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">44</a> Socioeconomic disparities and fear of different treatment between black and white races hinder the wide coverage of the vaccine in America.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a> A survey in the United Kingdom in September 2020 involving 4,884 respondents found that vaccine coverage was influenced by government policies prioritizing the elderly, groups at risk for COVID-19 complications, educational background, and high awareness of the importance of eliminating doubts about receiving vaccines because of the information received, and the imbalance between the number of deaths.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">9</a>Indonesian society adheres to the religious value of 96%, but the rejection of science is minimal. The reasons for the refusal are religion, health, ideology, and culture.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">44</a> In a study of 900 participants in Israel, the low acceptance rate in the Arab population is significant to the development of vaccines and misinformation from the media.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">13</a> Since building public trust in vaccines is difficult, it is necessary to convey information through public communication and counseling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455">45,46</a> The correct information is essential to adopting vaccines, as highlighted by several prior research.Concerning the limitations of the literature review, it is necessary to demonstrate or prove the underlying reality of this theory by original research on the subject since the outputs are grounded theory rather than generic judgments on the subject group. Testing the theoretical concept requires confirmatory factor analysis and structural testing models. Another limitation is that the selected articles determine research results. Therefore, the accuracy of setting the PICOS criteria determines the quality of research results.ConclusionsCommunity involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine is influenced by driving factors, perceptions of vulnerability, and inhibiting factors. Information reinforcement becomes a driving factor that will increase awareness, and trust, eliminate doubts and strengthen perceptions of vulnerability to suppress inhibiting factors. Therefore, the media, religious leaders, and other social organizations should be used more effectively to disseminate information to increase vaccination rates.Availability of databases and material for replicationResearch data available to the author.Editor in chargeGonzalo Casino.Authorship contributionsT.N. Utami: research draft, collect data, analysis, and discussion. F.P. Gurning: colect data, discussion, conclusions. E. Eliska: collecting literature, selecting literature. D. Ayu A: collect data, and discussion. Z. Aidha: data analysis, and conclusions. R.A. Harahap: editing and conclusion.AcknowledgementsThank you to the Center for Academic Writing, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, which has facilitated, and provided training in writing systematic literature review techniques for scientific publications.FundingNone.Conflicts of interestNone." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:16 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2227798" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1865559" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2227797" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1865560" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Availability of databases and material for replication" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Editor in charge" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Authorship contributions" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 14 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 15 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1865559" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "COVID-19 vaccine" 1 => "Community involvement" 2 => "Community support" 3 => "Community engagement prototype" 4 => "Trust" 5 => "Strengthening health information" 6 => "Perception of vulnerability" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1865560" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "Vacuna COVID-19" 1 => "Participación comunitaria" 2 => "Apoyo comunitario" 3 => "Prototipo de participación comunitaria" 4 => "Confianza" 5 => "Fortalecimiento de la información en salud" 6 => "Percepción de vulnerabilidad" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveTo identify the driving and inhibiting factors and to find a prototype of community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine. MethodData sources from PubMed database, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest. The data were obtained based on searches using the keyword COVID-19 (n=11,.599), focusing on community acceptance (n=813), community involvement (n=86), and types of articles (n=46). Articles that meet the inclusion criteria are seven, and the data were analyzed with ATLAS Ti.9 software. ResultsEngagement and driving factors have the highest correlation (0.38). The drivers, perceptions of vulnerability, and inhibiting factors determine community involvement. The perception of exposure can be a supporting or inhibiting factor influenced by information reinforcement. ConclusionsStrengthening positive information can alter the sense of community vulnerability, making it a driving force for participation in the COVID-19 vaccine campaign. This finding is an appropriate strategy to expand the reach and resolve public doubts about accepting the vaccine." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoIdentificar los factores impulsores e inhibidores y encontrar un prototipo de participación comunitaria en la vacuna contra la COVID-19. MétodoFuentes de datos de las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science y ProQuest. Los datos totales se basan en búsquedas con la palabra clave COVID-19 (n=11.599), centrándose en la aceptación de la comunidad (n=813), la participación de la comunidad (n=86) y los tipos de artículos de investigación (n=46). Los artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión fueron siete. Los datos se analizaron con el software ATLAS Ti.9. ResultadosEl compromiso y los factores impulsores tienen la correlación más alta (0,38). La participación de la comunidad está determinada por tres factores: impulsores, percepciones de vulnerabilidad e inhibidores. La percepción de vulnerabilidad puede ser un factor de apoyo o de inhibición que se ve influido por el refuerzo de la información. ConclusionesFortalecer la información positiva puede cambiar la percepción de vulnerabilidad de la comunidad para que se convierta en un factor motivador para que esta se involucre en la vacuna contra la COVID-19. Este hallazgo es una estrategia adecuada para ampliar el alcance y resolver las dudas del público sobre la aceptación de la vacuna contra la COVID-19." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2060 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 344979 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagram of the process of searching for community involvement data in the COVID-19 vaccine." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1486 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 241522 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "The results of the analysis of the research theme." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 997 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 99917 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Community engagement prototype." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Source: primary data (2021)." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author, year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Title \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Aim \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design, samples and measurements \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Technical analysis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Carson et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a>, 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COVID-19_vaccine_decision-making_factors_in_racial_and_ethnic_minority_Communities_in_Los_ Angeles_California \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Finding factors that influence the decision-making process in receiving the COVID-19 vaccineFinding public trust and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Kualitatif desain deskriptifJumlah informan 70 orang.Data dikumpulkan dengan Focus group discussionQualitative descriptive designThe number of informants is 70 peopleData collected by Focus group discussion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Data obtained from interviewsData analysis was compiled in the transcript of the interview resultsATLAS.Ti9 Analysis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">There are 37 informants received vaccines if availablePeople need correct information and reliable sources, direct information from health workers provides peace of mindFear of black people being treated differently from whites, fear of being the subject of experimentation and ill-treatmentBarriers to access, it takes one day off work if they are willing to be vaccinated \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sethi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">9</a>, 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The_UPTAKE_study:_a_cross-sectional_survey_examining_the_insights_and_beliefs_of_the_UK_population_on_COVID-19_vaccine_uptake_and_hesitancy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Discover the challenges of successful implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine, examine the drivers and barriers to acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cross sectional design, carried out with an online survey via Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The analysis was performed using a nultinominal logistic regression test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Respondents who are interested and agree to receive the vaccine (79.3%)Educated respondents agree with vaccines compared to uneducatedThere are reasons respondents did not receive the vaccine including; disinterested, unsure, distrustful, vaccine safety, as a trial, and fearThe reason for increasing vaccine acceptance is due to the imbalance in the number of deaths and patients being treated \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Green et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">13</a>, 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">A_study_of_ethnic_gender_and_educational_differences_in_attitudes_toward_COVID-19_vaccines_in_Israel_implications_for_vaccination_implementation_policies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Assessing ethnicity and sociodemographic factors of attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cross sectional survey research designData was collected using an online questionnaire in October 2020The sample was 957 adults over the age of 30, consisting of 606 Jews and 351 Arabs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Descriptive analysis measures the percentage, the comparison of prevalence between groups using the chi-square test Multiple logistic regression test examines the relationship between variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">There are 23.1% Arab respondents and want to get vaccinated immediately compared to 13.6% JewsHigher education has few doubts about vaccinesConfidence in vaccines is driven by government policies in imposing less stringent restrictions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Abdelhafiz et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">18</a>, 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Factors_Influencing_Participation_in_COVID-19_Clinical_Trials_A_Multi-National_Study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Analyzing public perceptions and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The study used a cross sectional design, data was collected using Google forms via social media Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and distributed to Egypt, and Jordan \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The psychometric questionnaire was analyzed by assessing the intra-class correlation coefficient Cronbach alpha assessed the consistency of the questionnairePearson correlation analysis calculates the total correlation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The majority of respondents’ attitudes towards vaccine trials stated their willingness to participate (57.6%)Female respondents have a negative attitude compared to males in receiving vaccine trials living in urban areasAttitude in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine is positively correlated with the country of residence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thompson et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">17</a>, 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Factors_Associated_With_Racial/Ethnic_Group–Based_Medical_Mistrust_and_Perspectives_on_COVID-19_Vaccine_Trial_Participation_and_Vaccine_Uptake_in_the_US \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Testing the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine trial \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The study was conducted by means of a survey of 1835 people in Michigan. The sample selection using purposive sampling technique was distributed to nine community organizations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Socio-demographic data is calculated in percentage, continuous data based on mean and standard deviationRelationships were analyzed by path analysis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">There is a relationship between medical distrust based on the race of certain groupsBlacks are more likely to refuse vaccines than whitesA total of 45% of black respondents reported negative experiences from medical personnel \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Seale et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">14</a>, 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Examining_Australian_public_perceptions_and_behaviors_towards_a_future_COVID-19_vaccine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ensuring community readiness to administer the COVID-19 vaccineUnderstand the Australian public's perception of the COVID-19 vaccine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">A cross sectional survey was conducted on 1420 samples of Australian adults aged 18 years and over \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Data analysis using logistic model regression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The majority of respondents (80%) have a positive view of the COVID-19 vaccineWomen are more likely to agree than menRespondents with chronic disease 1.4 times agreed to receive the vaccine. The decision to receive the vaccine is supported by family and friends \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Adebisi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">12</a>, 2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">When_it_is_available_will_we_take_it? Social_media_users’_perception_of_hypothetical_COVID-19_vaccine_in_Nigeria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Understanding the perception of social media users regarding the COVID-19 vaccine in Negeria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">A cross sectional survey, using an online questionnaire, including demographic characteristics and perceptions of vaccines. The sample is 517 respondents \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Data analysis using STATA 14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The majority of respondents were male (56.9%) and a number (74.5%) intended to receive the vaccine, the remaining 25.5% had received the vaccineThe reason for refusal was because clinical trials were not valid, they had the perception that they would not contract COVID-19 because they believed their immune system was goodBased on the results of the mapping analysis (STATA) it was obtained that geographic location was related to acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3631180.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Synthesis of previous research." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Source: primary data (2021)" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conflicting information(5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Encourage (14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Family support (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Information reinforcement (8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Involvement (15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medical mistrust (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Obstacles (15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Perception of vulnerability (9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rejected (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Uncertainly (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Conflicting information (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (01.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(0.08) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.07) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.07) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Encourage (14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (0.38) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Family support (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Information reinforcement (8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Involvement (15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (0.38) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.03) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Medical mistrust (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (0.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (0.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Obstacles (15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (0.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.03) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (0.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (0,25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (0.32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Perception of vulnerability (9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.08) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (0.14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rejected (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.07) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (0.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (0.32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.09) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Uncertainly (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.09) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3631179.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Co-occurrence value of research themes." ] ] 5 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "202408221246435741" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 39 "Ancho" => 48 "Tamanyo" => 996 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sat0005" "detalle" => "Twitter Ico" "rol" => "short" ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:46 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Kemenkes. 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Estadísticas

Review

The urgency of strengthening health information to support public perception and involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine

La urgencia de fortalecer la información de salud respalda la participación comunitaria en la vacuna contra la COVID-19

Tri Niswati Utamia,

Autor para correspondencia

triniswatiutami@uinsu.ac.id

Corresponding author.

, Fitriani Pramita Gurningb, Eliska Eliskac, Delfriana Ayu Ad, Zuhrina Aidhae, Reni Agustina Harahape

a Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

b Department of Health Policy and Administration, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

c Department of Community Nutrition, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

d Department of Reproductive Health, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

e Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of human life&#46; Every nation attempts to prevent the spread by boosting widespread immunity through vaccination programs&#46; The target population for the distribution of vaccines in Indonesia is 208&#44;266&#44;720 individuals&#46; Dose 1 and 2 that has been administered to 124&#44;156&#44;167 &#40;19&#46;61&#37;&#41; and 78&#44;114&#44;072 &#40;37&#46;51&#37;&#41; recipients on November 6&#44; 2021 did not meet this target&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Meanwhile&#44; vaccine acceptance rates in several countries were recorded&#44; and China was the highest recipient country at 91&#46;3&#37;&#44; followed by European countries and the United States at 74&#37; and 67&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Distrust and doubt in the government are the main obstacles to the failure of the vaccine&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This literature study has a distinct benefit over prior studies&#44; specifically the development of grounded theory through qualitative analysis with ATLAS&#46;ti9&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reason for the reluctance to get involved in the vaccine is the concern about the effect<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> due to a history of past diseases such as heart and respiratory<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and the reluctance to receive vaccines&#46; People who lack adequate documentation fear being humiliated&#44; rejected&#44; and made a burden on the state if they visit vaccination centers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The same opinion was conveyed by previous research on reluctance due to doubts and inequality of vaccines&#46; Furthermore&#44; political and religious conspiracy theories discourage Pakistanis from receiving vaccines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on this data&#44; the formulation of the problem in writing a literature review is&#58; what are the driving and inhibiting factors for community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine&#63; How is the community involved in the vaccine&#63; Therefore&#44; this literature review is useful as a strategy to succeed and support the implementation of the vaccine program&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Carson et al&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> described community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine as determined by trust in medical personnel&#44; perception of infection&#44; and safety&#46; Sethi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> explored the driving and inhibiting factors for the absorption and conducted a quantitative analysis&#46; The main obstacle to the vaccine&#39;s success was dispelling public doubts about the side effect&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This literature review has an advantage that previous research has not conducted&#44; namely developing grounded theory through qualitative analysis using ATLAS&#46;Ti9 software after analyzing several selected articles&#46; Therefore&#44; this literature review is a development of previous theoretical concepts that are systematic and can be accounted for their objectivity and validity&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The theoretical basis for building this prototype uses the Health Belief Model theory&#44; adding to the perception of vulnerability&#46; A person will take action to prevent disease and be willing to be vaccinated when they have low confidence and are susceptible to disease&#46; Vaccines are believed to reduce their susceptibility to COVID-19 and encourage them to take positive action&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This literature review aims to identify the factors that encourage and discourage community participation in the vaccine program&#46; Therefore&#44; this literature review found the right strategy to expand the reach and resolve public doubts on receiving the vaccine&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Method</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature review uses secondary data from previous studies&#44; and data collection was carried out for 1 week&#46; The data search was conducted through the PubMed database&#44; Google Scholar&#44; Scopus&#44; Web of Science&#44; and Proquest&#46; The search used the &#8220;boolean searching&#8221; method using the keywords &#8220;community engagement&#8221; AND &#8220;COVID-19 vaccine&#8221; AND &#8220;vaccine program&#8221; AND &#8220;vaccine acceptance&#8221; AND &#8220;community participation&#8221;&#46; The tracing steps for determining samples using PRISMA developed by Page et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The total search for data based on the COVID-19 vaccine &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;599&#41; focused on public acceptance &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>813&#41; and community involvement &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>86&#41;&#44; then searched by type of article &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41;&#46; Furthermore&#44; from 46 types&#44; the selected articles were analyzed based on the PICOS inclusion criteria&#58; 1&#41; community population&#59; 2&#41; without intervention&#59; 3&#41; without comparison&#59; 4&#41; outcome&#58; factors supporting&#44; inhibiting&#44; and accepting the vaccine&#59; 5&#41; research articles&#59; 6&#41; articles published in 2021&#59; and 7&#41; English&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Each article was studied and analyzed according to the inclusion criteria&#46; Many articles were eliminated because they did not meet the criteria&#44; including an intervention&#46; The results section did not describe the specified variables&#44; and the research year was not 2021&#46; The articles were analyzed using the qualitative software ATLAS&#46;Ti9 after carrying out the identification&#44; screening&#44; and criteria determination stages&#46; Articles that meet the criteria are stored in one folder and inputted into the ATLAS&#46;Ti9 software for further data analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of seven international articles met the criteria and were sampled for synthesis and analysis&#46; The inclusion criteria &#8220;outcome&#8221; was determined according to the purpose of writing a literature review&#46; Variables were included in the PICOS method to reveal the factors that supported the community being involved and the vaccine&#46; The issues that prevented the population from receiving immunizations were also identified&#44; and the rationale for receiving the vaccine was examined in depth&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The seven articles that fit the criteria were examined&#44; synthesized&#44; and displayed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature review results were obtained after carrying out the stages of identification&#44; screening&#44; and determining criteria until seven articles were analyzed&#46; The articles were analyzed using the qualitative software ATLAS&#46;Ti9&#46; A literature review showed encouraging&#44; inhibiting&#44; and community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In accordance with writing to show community involvement&#44; a variable construct was built based on the Health Belief Model theory&#44; supported by Adebisi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> and Jones et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; which describes that messages or information can optimally achieve behavior change when they target obstacles&#46; Therefore&#44; factors that hinder the administration of the COVID-19 vaccination should be investigated in depth based on several prior research&#46; According to Jones et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; self-efficacy can affect barriers&#44; while self-confidence plays an important role in acting&#46; This was described in the campaign &#40;self-efficacy &#40;perceived inhibition&#41; scheme&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The three themes that became the purpose of writing a literature review were driving factors&#44; inhibiting factors&#44; and perceptions of vulnerability<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; As illustrated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>&#44; seven themes or constructs were obtained&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of data analysis showed that seven themes are related to driving factors&#44; inhibiting factors&#44; and perceptions of community vulnerability&#46; Previous studies analyzed seven articles with similarities and differences&#46; In several countries such as America&#44; Carson&#39;s research<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> found that people&#39;s reluctance to participate in vaccination programs results from one day of lost productivity&#46; Green et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> states that the inhibiting factor for people to receive the vaccine is their beliefs and doubt&#46; Seale et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> explained that Australians are involved in the vaccine because they are susceptible to the disease&#46; Therefore&#44; people with chronic diseases are 1&#46;4 times more likely to strongly agree to be vaccinated&#44; in addition to family support&#46; The results are the basis for the perception of vulnerability which is a variable between the driving and inhibiting factors&#46; Based on research by Jones et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; Green et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> and Seale et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; it is important to add the perception of vulnerability as a constructed variable in the prototype&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some of the themes were found using the ATLAS&#46;Ti9 software is the basis for developing the theory&#46; The next phase in producing this theory is to examine the tight relationship between the literature study&#39;s themes and create a prototype model based on grounded theory&#46; Meanwhile&#44; the co-occurrence values are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The theme that has a very strong relationship is community involvement with driving factors &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38&#41;&#44; family support &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;13&#41; and information reinforcement &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;10&#41;&#46; The inhibiting factor has a strong relationship with the theme of rejection &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;32&#41;&#44; conflicting information &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;25&#41;&#44; drug distrust &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;25&#41;&#44; perception of vulnerability &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;14&#41;&#44; and conflicting information &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;10&#41;&#46; Furthermore&#44; vaccine refusal was caused by distrust of the drug &#40;score<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;14&#41;&#44; and conflicting information is related to reinforcement &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;18&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The novelty of this research is the development of a grounded theory in the form of community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a> explains that community involvement is caused by driving factors&#44; inhibiting factors&#44; and perceptions of vulnerability&#46; It is related to strengthening information&#44; conflicting information&#44; and perceptions of vulnerability&#46; Family support and perceptions of vulnerability encourage people to administer the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; There were four causes of inhibiting factors&#44; namely distrust of drugs&#44; uncertainty&#44; rejection&#44; and conflicting information&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine is determined by drivers&#44; perceptions of vulnerability&#44; and inhibiting factors&#46; The perception of vulnerability can be a supporting or inhibiting factor influenced by information reinforcement&#46; Strengthening positive information can alter the impression of community vulnerability&#44; making it a compelling element for the community to participate in the COVID-19 vaccine&#46; Family support and information reinforcement encourage community involvement&#46; The incentive to encourage people to be vaccinated must be bolstered because they have been dissatisfied with previous medical care&#44; resulting from informational uncertainty&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Intention to receive vaccines is influenced by motivation and psychological factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The perception of vulnerability to being exposed to COVID-19 is an influential factor in community involvement in vaccine programs&#46; As supported by earlier research&#44; people with a low perception of becoming infected are reluctant to obtain the vaccine&#46; The study explains the great confidence associated with involvement in the vaccine program&#46; The people with confidence not to be exposed are reluctant to join the vaccine program&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inhibiting factors for community involvement in vaccines are conflicting information&#44; mistrust of drugs due to uncertainty&#44; and vaccine resistance&#46; Relevant to previous research&#44; the attitude of choosing not to play a role is significant to a lack of trust in doctors and nurses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> The combination of health workers&#44; professionals&#44; and the role of the media is important to stop the pandemic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prototype model of community involvement is the government&#39;s strategy to increase the reach of the vaccine program by strengthening information&#46; In line with these findings&#44; Schoch-Spana et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> stated that the government and policymakers in the health sector are expected to find solutions to overcome this crisis&#46; The acceptance strategy dispelled doubts about the vaccine&#39;s effect&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and the public has considerations to deciding on vaccines&#44; efficacy&#44; safety&#44; and public distrust of medical personnel&#46; Perceptions of the risk of contracting COVID-19&#44; emotional state&#44; socio-political&#44; mistrust&#44; economic stability&#44; and mental disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Strengthening information is a driving factor for community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine&#44; and the wide acceptance through large-scale campaigns is important to consider&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> It is difficult to build public trust in vaccines&#44; hence health workers need to open information posts and provide brochures containing correct information about vaccines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> A survey by the Ministry of Health noted that respondents with low education had little knowledge about vaccines&#46; The knowledge increases with increasing education and socioeconomic status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Safe and quality vaccines are a challenge for all countries worldwide&#44; and public communication is a key factor to be considered&#46; The people of Indonesia and the rest of the world distrust vaccines and choose not to obtain their respective vaccinations&#46; Meanwhile&#44; people with good awareness of vaccines will voluntarily be vaccinated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The reasons for rejection based on a survey conducted in Indonesia were dominated by vaccine safety &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#44; doubting the effectiveness &#40;22&#37;&#41;&#44; not believing in the effect &#40;13&#37;&#41;&#44; fear of side effects &#40;12&#37;&#41;&#44; and religious factors &#40;8&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Relevant to the results&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> the reasons for not being willing to receive the vaccine were due to side effects &#40;65&#46;5&#37;&#41; and lack of trust &#40;55&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; A previous study on 537 samples &#40;91&#46;2&#37;&#41; of COVID-19 vaccine recipients reported side effects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Community participation in stopping the spread of COVID-19 is in the form of support for the environment&#44; complying with large-scale social restrictions&#44; and implementing health protocols&#46; Bangladesh is carrying out a massive campaign to mobilize public participation in the program of up to seven million doses&#46; However&#44; most people are hesitant to receive the vaccine out of fear&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vaccine doubt is a big problem in the world&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#8211;31</span></a> and in Indonesia&#44; community participation in the programs is still low&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#8211;34</span></a> Doubts on vaccines have prevented people from participating in clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;35</span></a> Contrary to previous studies&#44; vaccine coverage is still low &#40;37&#46;5&#37;&#41; in the United Kingdom&#46; The government&#39;s policy to prioritize vaccines for elderly groups vulnerable to the pandemic spread was accepted by 86&#37; of respondents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Older age and the male gender were more likely to participate in vaccine trials&#46; Likewise&#44; health care personnel at risk and likely to engage in vaccination clinical trials are eligible&#46; The willingness to receive vaccines in the elderly group is higher&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;36</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various factors determine vaccine acceptance at different rates&#46; The COVID-19 pandemic emergency response strategy built solidarity to foster public awareness&#44; trust&#44; and participation&#46; Furthermore&#44; drug mistrust due to uncertainty is an obstacle to vaccine programs&#46; Community leaders are involved in preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection by planning&#44; building trust&#44; and supervising the implementation of health protocols and vaccine programs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a> Positive public perception in Osun State - Nigeria is significantly related to the willingness to receive vaccines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Accurate information about vaccines is the main factor in increasing public acceptance of Saudi Arabia&#46; Samples with reliable information are more willing to be vaccinated than those unaware of the advantages of vaccines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Meanwhile&#44; vaccine awareness is high due to getting the right information&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Community involvement in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine differs in each country&#44; depending on the socio-cultural background&#46; The rejection of vaccines in the United States is influenced by religious&#44; cultural&#44; and political aspects&#46; Conflict exists between liberal groups who reject vaccines and conservative groups who support the movement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> Socioeconomic disparities and fear of different treatment between black and white races hinder the wide coverage of the vaccine in America&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> A survey in the United Kingdom in September 2020 involving 4&#44;884 respondents found that vaccine coverage was influenced by government policies prioritizing the elderly&#44; groups at risk for COVID-19 complications&#44; educational background&#44; and high awareness of the importance of eliminating doubts about receiving vaccines because of the information received&#44; and the imbalance between the number of deaths&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Indonesian society adheres to the religious value of 96&#37;&#44; but the rejection of science is minimal&#46; The reasons for the refusal are religion&#44; health&#44; ideology&#44; and culture&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> In a study of 900 participants in Israel&#44; the low acceptance rate in the Arab population is significant to the development of vaccines and misinformation from the media&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Since building public trust in vaccines is difficult&#44; it is necessary to convey information through public communication and counseling&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;46</span></a> The correct information is essential to adopting vaccines&#44; as highlighted by several prior research&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concerning the limitations of the literature review&#44; it is necessary to demonstrate or prove the underlying reality of this theory by original research on the subject since the outputs are grounded theory rather than generic judgments on the subject group&#46; Testing the theoretical concept requires confirmatory factor analysis and structural testing models&#46; Another limitation is that the selected articles determine research results&#46; Therefore&#44; the accuracy of setting the PICOS criteria determines the quality of research results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine is influenced by driving factors&#44; perceptions of vulnerability&#44; and inhibiting factors&#46; Information reinforcement becomes a driving factor that will increase awareness&#44; and trust&#44; eliminate doubts and strengthen perceptions of vulnerability to suppress inhibiting factors&#46; Therefore&#44; the media&#44; religious leaders&#44; and other social organizations should be used more effectively to disseminate information to increase vaccination rates&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Availability of databases and material for replication</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Research data available to the author&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Editor in charge</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gonzalo Casino&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Authorship contributions</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T&#46;N&#46; Utami&#58; research draft&#44; collect data&#44; analysis&#44; and discussion&#46; F&#46;P&#46; Gurning&#58; colect data&#44; discussion&#44; conclusions&#46; E&#46; Eliska&#58; collecting literature&#44; selecting literature&#46; D&#46; Ayu A&#58; collect data&#44; and discussion&#46; Z&#46; Aidha&#58; data analysis&#44; and conclusions&#46; R&#46;A&#46; Harahap&#58; editing and conclusion&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Acknowledgements</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thank you to the Center for Academic Writing&#44; Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara&#44; which has facilitated&#44; and provided training in writing systematic literature review techniques for scientific publications&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Funding</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span></p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Community involvement"
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            1 => "Participaci&#243;n comunitaria"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify the driving and inhibiting factors and to find a prototype of community involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data sources from PubMed database&#44; Google Scholar&#44; Web of Science&#44; and ProQuest&#46; The data were obtained based on searches using the keyword COVID-19 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;&#46;599&#41;&#44; focusing on community acceptance &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>813&#41;&#44; community involvement &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>86&#41;&#44; and types of articles &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41;&#46; Articles that meet the inclusion criteria are seven&#44; and the data were analyzed with ATLAS Ti&#46;9 software&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results</span></span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Engagement and driving factors have the highest correlation &#40;0&#46;38&#41;&#46; The drivers&#44; perceptions of vulnerability&#44; and inhibiting factors determine community involvement&#46; The perception of exposure can be a supporting or inhibiting factor influenced by information reinforcement&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Strengthening positive information can alter the sense of community vulnerability&#44; making it a driving force for participation in the COVID-19 vaccine campaign&#46; This finding is an appropriate strategy to expand the reach and resolve public doubts about accepting the vaccine&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar los factores impulsores e inhibidores y encontrar un prototipo de participaci&#243;n comunitaria en la vacuna contra la COVID-19&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fuentes de datos de las bases de datos PubMed&#44; Google Scholar&#44; Web of Science y ProQuest&#46; Los datos totales se basan en b&#250;squedas con la palabra clave COVID-19 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;599&#41;&#44; centr&#225;ndose en la aceptaci&#243;n de la comunidad &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>813&#41;&#44; la participaci&#243;n de la comunidad &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>86&#41; y los tipos de art&#237;culos de investigaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41;&#46; Los art&#237;culos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusi&#243;n fueron siete&#46; Los datos se analizaron con el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> ATLAS Ti&#46;9&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El compromiso y los factores impulsores tienen la correlaci&#243;n m&#225;s alta &#40;0&#44;38&#41;&#46; La participaci&#243;n de la comunidad est&#225; determinada por tres factores&#58; impulsores&#44; percepciones de vulnerabilidad e inhibidores&#46; La percepci&#243;n de vulnerabilidad puede ser un factor de apoyo o de inhibici&#243;n que se ve influido por el refuerzo de la informaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fortalecer la informaci&#243;n positiva puede cambiar la percepci&#243;n de vulnerabilidad de la comunidad para que se convierta en un factor motivador para que esta se involucre en la vacuna contra la COVID-19&#46; Este hallazgo es una estrategia adecuada para ampliar el alcance y resolver las dudas del p&#250;blico sobre la aceptaci&#243;n de la vacuna contra la COVID-19&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Title&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Aim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design&#44; samples and measurements&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Technical analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carson et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; 2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">COVID-19&#95;vaccine&#95;decision-making&#95;factors&#95;in&#95;racial&#95;and&#95;ethnic&#95;minority&#95;Communities&#95;in&#95;Los&#95; Angeles&#95;California&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Finding factors that influence the decision-making process in receiving the COVID-19 vaccineFinding public trust and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kualitatif desain deskriptifJumlah informan 70 orang&#46;Data dikumpulkan dengan Focus group discussionQualitative descriptive designThe number of informants is 70 peopleData collected by Focus group discussion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Data obtained from interviewsData analysis was compiled in the transcript of the interview resultsATLAS&#46;Ti9 Analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">There are 37 informants received vaccines if availablePeople need correct information and reliable sources&#44; direct information from health workers provides peace of mindFear of black people being treated differently from whites&#44; fear of being the subject of experimentation and ill-treatmentBarriers to access&#44; it takes one day off work if they are willing to be vaccinated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sethi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; 2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The&#95;UPTAKE&#95;study&#58;&#95;a&#95;cross-sectional&#95;survey&#95;examining&#95;the&#95;insights&#95;and&#95;beliefs&#95;of&#95;the&#95;UK&#95;population&#95;on&#95;COVID-19&#95;vaccine&#95;uptake&#95;and&#95;hesitancy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Discover the challenges of successful implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine&#44; examine the drivers and barriers to acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross sectional design&#44; carried out with an online survey via Facebook&#44; Twitter&#44; LinkedIn and Instagram&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The analysis was performed using a nultinominal logistic regression test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respondents who are interested and agree to receive the vaccine &#40;79&#46;3&#37;&#41;Educated respondents agree with vaccines compared to uneducatedThere are reasons respondents did not receive the vaccine including&#59; disinterested&#44; unsure&#44; distrustful&#44; vaccine safety&#44; as a trial&#44; and fearThe reason for increasing vaccine acceptance is due to the imbalance in the number of deaths and patients being treated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Green et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; 2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A&#95;study&#95;of&#95;ethnic&#95;gender&#95;and&#95;educational&#95;differences&#95;in&#95;attitudes&#95;toward&#95;COVID-19&#95;vaccines&#95;in&#95;Israel&#95;implications&#95;for&#95;vaccination&#95;implementation&#95;policies&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Assessing ethnicity and sociodemographic factors of attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross sectional survey research designData was collected using an online questionnaire in October 2020The sample was 957 adults over the age of 30&#44; consisting of 606 Jews and 351 Arabs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Descriptive analysis measures the percentage&#44; the comparison of prevalence between groups using the chi-square test Multiple logistic regression test examines the relationship between variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">There are 23&#46;1&#37; Arab respondents and want to get vaccinated immediately compared to 13&#46;6&#37; JewsHigher education has few doubts about vaccinesConfidence in vaccines is driven by government policies in imposing less stringent restrictions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Abdelhafiz et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; 2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Factors&#95;Influencing&#95;Participation&#95;in&#95;COVID-19&#95;Clinical&#95;Trials&#95;A&#95;Multi-National&#95;Study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Analyzing public perceptions and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The study used a cross sectional design&#44; data was collected using Google forms via social media Facebook&#44; WhatsApp&#44; LinkedIn and distributed to Egypt&#44; and Jordan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The psychometric questionnaire was analyzed by assessing the intra-class correlation coefficient Cronbach alpha assessed the consistency of the questionnairePearson correlation analysis calculates the total correlation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The majority of respondents&#8217; attitudes towards vaccine trials stated their willingness to participate &#40;57&#46;6&#37;&#41;Female respondents have a negative attitude compared to males in receiving vaccine trials living in urban areasAttitude in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine is positively correlated with the country of residence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thompson et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; 2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Factors&#95;Associated&#95;With&#95;Racial&#47;Ethnic&#95;Group&#8211;Based&#95;Medical&#95;Mistrust&#95;and&#95;Perspectives&#95;on&#95;COVID-19&#95;Vaccine&#95;Trial&#95;Participation&#95;and&#95;Vaccine&#95;Uptake&#95;in&#95;the&#95;US&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Testing the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine trial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The study was conducted by means of a survey of 1835 people in Michigan&#46; The sample selection using purposive sampling technique was distributed to nine community organizations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Socio-demographic data is calculated in percentage&#44; continuous data based on mean and standard deviationRelationships were analyzed by path analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">There is a relationship between medical distrust based on the race of certain groupsBlacks are more likely to refuse vaccines than whitesA total of 45&#37; of black respondents reported negative experiences from medical personnel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Seale et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; 2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Examining&#95;Australian&#95;public&#95;perceptions&#95;and&#95;behaviors&#95;towards&#95;a&#95;future&#95;COVID-19&#95;vaccine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensuring community readiness to administer the COVID-19 vaccineUnderstand the Australian public&#39;s perception of the COVID-19 vaccine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A cross sectional survey was conducted on 1420 samples of Australian adults aged 18 years and over&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Data analysis using logistic model regression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The majority of respondents &#40;80&#37;&#41; have a positive view of the COVID-19 vaccineWomen are more likely to agree than menRespondents with chronic disease 1&#46;4 times agreed to receive the vaccine&#46; The decision to receive the vaccine is supported by family and friends&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adebisi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; 2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">When&#95;it&#95;is&#95;available&#95;will&#95;we&#95;take&#95;it&#63; Social&#95;media&#95;users&#8217;&#95;perception&#95;of&#95;hypothetical&#95;COVID-19&#95;vaccine&#95;in&#95;Nigeria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Understanding the perception of social media users regarding the COVID-19 vaccine in Negeria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A cross sectional survey&#44; using an online questionnaire&#44; including demographic characteristics and perceptions of vaccines&#46; The sample is 517 respondents&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Data analysis using STATA 14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The majority of respondents were male &#40;56&#46;9&#37;&#41; and a number &#40;74&#46;5&#37;&#41; intended to receive the vaccine&#44; the remaining 25&#46;5&#37; had received the vaccineThe reason for refusal was because clinical trials were not valid&#44; they had the perception that they would not contract COVID-19 because they believed their immune system was goodBased on the results of the mapping analysis &#40;STATA&#41; it was obtained that geographic location was related to acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Source&#58; primary data &#40;2021&#41;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conflicting information&#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Encourage &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Family support &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Information reinforcement &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Involvement &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medical mistrust &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Obstacles &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Perception of vulnerability &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rejected &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Uncertainly &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Conflicting information &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;01&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;0&#46;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Encourage &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;0&#46;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Family support &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Information reinforcement &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Involvement &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;0&#46;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Medical mistrust &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;0&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;0&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obstacles &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;0&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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Información del artículo

ISSN: 02139111
Idioma original: Inglés

DOI:10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.102265

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