Clean water supply vulnerability model for improving the quality of public health (environmental health perspective): A case in Spermonde islands, Makassar Indonesia

array:24 ["pii" => "S0213911121003009" "issn" => "02139111" "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.095" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "2174" "copyright" => "SESPAS" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2021;35S2:S601-S603" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0213911121003022" "issn" => "02139111" "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.097" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "2176" "copyright" => "SESPAS" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2021;35S2:S604-S609" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Predicting COVID-19 confirmed cases in New York and DKI Jakarta by nonlinear fitting of a Bose–Einstein energy distribution and its implications on social restrictions" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S604" "paginaFinal" => "S609" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 3394 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 501019 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "The observed data during the training is depicted in circles while the observed data of the testing is shown as full circles. The solid and broken lines in the middle are the predictions during the training and testing, respectively. The broken lines are the 95% confidence interval of the prediction." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Halmar Halide" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Halmar" "apellidos" => "Halide" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911121003022?idApp=WGSE" "url" => "/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121003022/v1_202112201615/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0213911121002983" "issn" => "02139111" "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.093" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "2172" "copyright" => "SESPAS" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2021;35S2:S596-S600" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "The linkages between health and agriculture sectors through regional expenditure review" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S596" "paginaFinal" => "S600" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1055 "Ancho" => 2341 "Tamanyo" => 98080 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Regional expenditure (Billions) of Bima Regency in 2007 – 2012 (Database of the University of Mataram Population and Development Research Center (P2KP) Processed by the PERA Team from the APBD)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Nixia Tenriawaru, Ika Yustisia, Muhammad Arsyad, Muh Hatta Jamil, Yoshio Kawamura" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A. Nixia" "apellidos" => "Tenriawaru" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ika" "apellidos" => "Yustisia" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Muhammad" "apellidos" => "Arsyad" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Muh Hatta" "apellidos" => "Jamil" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yoshio" "apellidos" => "Kawamura" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911121002983?idApp=WGSE" "url" => "/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121002983/v1_202112201615/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Clean water supply vulnerability model for improving the quality of public health (environmental health perspective): A case in Spermonde islands, Makassar Indonesia" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S601" "paginaFinal" => "S603" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Agus Bintara Birawida, Erniwati Ibrahim, Anwar Mallongi, Alif Alliullah Al Rasyidi, Yahya Thamrin, Nurul Aqilah Gunawan" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Agus Bintara" "apellidos" => "Birawida" "email" => array:2 [ 0 => "agusbirawida@gmail.com" 1 => "pmc@agri.unhas.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Erniwati" "apellidos" => "Ibrahim" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Anwar" "apellidos" => "Mallongi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alif Alliullah Al" "apellidos" => "Rasyidi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Yahya" "apellidos" => "Thamrin" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nurul Aqilah" "apellidos" => "Gunawan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Environmental Health Department, Health Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Occupational Safety and Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Computer Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1553 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 281795 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Model of accessibility, socio-economic, and population behavior to endogenous variables: occupancy density and water vulnerability on the Spermonde island." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionIsolation and low economy cause poor quality of life on the island. Low productivity is the determination of the low economy to sustain people's lives.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">1</a> This condition illustrates the high vulnerability of people who are living in small islands.The various problems are interrelated in the Spermonde islands. Economic problems affect the health factors of coastal and island communities, including basic hygiene, availability of clean water, and limited food. Pollution can occur in water, based on the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI), as many as 14 out of 18 well water is polluted.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a> Other than that, bad behavior in food and beverage management can worsen the quality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">3</a> Sanitation behavior also influences the water crisis, such as how to taking and using water.Small islands with all their problems are not only environmental problems. Ecologically, small islands are fragile and vulnerable. Small size, limited land, limited resources, geographical distribution, and isolation from the market, making small islands vulnerable. The vulnerability received the attention of the Small Island Development State (SIDS) countries. Island communities tend to have water sources that do not meet the requirements and the inability to maintain cleanliness. This makes the island an area that is vulnerable to diseases and deaths due to sanitation-related diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">4</a>Low availability of clean water can be a risk factor for several diseases that often occur, ranging from ordinary stomach aches, diarrhea, typhus, intestinal worms, dysentery, to urinary tract infections. This is like what happened in the Spermonde Islands in the Makassar City area. Lae-Lae Puskesmas diarrhea data in 2016 amounted to 48 and increased in 2017 to 55 cases and 2018 in January as many as 7 cases. Barrang Caddi Health officer data in 2017 with 96 cases. At the same time, the data in Lumu-Lumu diarrhea became the seventh-ranked disease that often suffered by people in 2017, with 266 cases.Small island ecosystems also have limited carrying capacity of both land and clean water. Some small islands have a fairly large population density. Population density on small islands will cause pressure on the environment and have an impact on decreasing island resources, for example, the availability of clean water, which is increasingly scarce. One study conducted on the Malaysian island of Kapas showed an increase in foreign and local tourist arrivals, increasing the level of water demand.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">5</a>The vulnerability assessment of small islands is part of the sustainable management of the islands. Therefore this research was conducted to develop a model of a clean water vulnerability based on Exogenous variables: Accessibility, Socio-Economic, and Population Behavior to Endogenous variables: occupancy density and water vulnerability on the spermonde island.MethodLevel of environmental vulnerabilitySome indicators are included in the assessment of the level of environmental vulnerability with the analysis of the Structure Equation Modeling (SEM). Exogenous variables comprise accessibility, behavior, and social economy. Endogenous variables are divided into occupancy density and water vulnerability.SubjectsA total of 212 samples was collected in the spermonde islands around Makassar City using a simple random sampling method. There were three islands included in this study, namely Lae-Lae totaling 86 houses, Barrang Caddi totaling 77 houses, and Lumu-Lumu totaling 49 houses.The minimum sample size needed is determined by the Lemeshow formula:<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Information:n=volume of sampleN=volume of populationd=level of desired absolute accuracyZ1−α2m2=level of the desired meaningP=proportion estimateResearch designThis research is a quantitative study using observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach that aims to develop a model of factors that affect water vulnerability on the small Spermonde islands.Data collectionData was collected by researchers using a questionnaire. Instrument validation was tested with the Pearson product-moment correlation technique. While the reliability of the instrument was tested using Alpha Cronbach. Data were analyzed using SEM analysis with the Amos program 18.ResultThe estimated values of water vulnerability can be described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The model test results that are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> above are evaluated based on the goodness of fit indices in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> by presenting the model criteria as well as the critical values that have data suitability.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>From the evaluation of the proposed model, it can be seen that the evaluation of the construct of two variables produces values below the fit criteria, meaning that the model is by following per under the data so that the next model suitability test can be performed. The complete measurement model for water vulnerability has shown that there is a fit model that matches the data with the model (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).Referring to the principle of Parsimony Theory, the model above shows a good level of acceptance. Therefore it implies that the model can be accepted and developed further. Based on the empiric model proposed in this study, testing of hypotheses can be carried out through the path coefficient on the structural equation model. If the p-value is smaller than 0.05, then the relationship between variables is significant. The test results are presented in the following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>:<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> depicts that this study found a relationship between behavior with occupancy density, behavior with water vulnerability, and occupancy density with water vulnerability.DiscussionAbout 43% of the respondents were far away from clean water access and facilities. This condition had an impact on the vulnerability of clean water. In Tanzania, access to clean water has greatly affected the well-being of the Tanzanian community.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">6</a> Utilization of tap/pipe water and group water management are the best solutions in the provision of clean water in Tanzania.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">6</a>In contrast to the results of the research with SEM analysis models where the level of community access on the Spermonde islands to clean water is not significant. This happens because the community is not too constrained by access to resources. The community can go to the source of clean water to traders on each island by private transportation. The same results the accessibility to occupancy density are unrelated. This is caused because residents who have long lived on the island for generations have more initiative to develop by leaving their island.The socio-economic level of clean water vulnerability is not significant. Even though the community has a low income, they prioritize buying water over other goods. The water scarcity on the small island requires them to buy water at a high price. The water scarcity on a small island has occurred 70 years ago and is still ongoing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">7</a> The same results suggest that socioeconomic factors are insignificant in residential densities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">8</a> This is because people who live for generations on the island, move from the island to the mainland with the path of urbanization. They are urbanizing because they want to get a better income. In contrast to communities in the Philippines, they have more choice to remain on the island than relocation to the mainland.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">8</a>This study also highlights that community behavior has a significant effect on water vulnerability. This is due to the high response in dealing with water vulnerability. People choose to save money in water use. Also, they harvest rainwater harvesting. The influence of community behavior on occupancy density was statistically significant. The reason is that married people choose to remain in their parents’ homes so that the number of occupants in one house increases and solidifies. Residential density also occurs in Sweden, so people try to save in the use of clean water.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">9</a>The study supports the argument that the effect of residential density on clean water with a value of 88.8% is very vulnerable to clean water. The results of research with SEM that occupancy density has a significant relationship to the vulnerability of clean water. The vulnerability of clean water is a problem. As many as 1.2 million deaths occur due to unsafe water. It is estimated that by 2025, half of the world's population will experience water shortages.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">10</a>ConclusionsIt is concluded that community behavior and occupancy density are the main factors for the vulnerability of clean water on the small islands of Spermonde. Adaptation behavior with water vulnerability such as water storage and saving needs to be improved.Conflicts of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1632557" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456709" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Level of environmental vulnerability" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Subjects" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Research design" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Data collection" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Result" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-06-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-07-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456709" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Vulnerability" 1 => "Clean water" 2 => "Spermonde islands" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveThis study aims to generate a clean water vulnerability model based on exogenous variables: accessibility, socio-economic, and population behavior to endogenous variables: occupancy density and water vulnerability to support the quality of public health in Spermonde island. MethodsThis research was conducted in three islands (Spermonde), namely Lae-Lae, Barang Caddi, and Lumu-Lumu. The research design is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The 212 respondents were obtained using a simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was employed to interview respondents related to the level of environmental vulnerability. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). ResultsThe study found some variables are not statistically significant associated with water vulnerability such as accessibility to occupancy density (P=0.095), socio-economic to occupancy density (P=0.991), accessibility to water vulnerability (P=0.383), socio-economic against water vulnerability (P=0.417), occupancy density for water vulnerability (P<0.01). In contrast, behavior to occupancy density (P=0.002), behavior towards water vulnerability (P=below 0.01) have a significant association. ConclusionCommunity behavior and occupancy density are the main factors associated with the vulnerability of clean water on the small spermonde islands. Adaptation behavior with water vulnerability such as water storage and saving needs to be improved." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Nursing, Health Science Students & Health Care Professionals Conference. Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1553 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 281795 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Model of accessibility, socio-economic, and population behavior to endogenous variables: occupancy density and water vulnerability on the Spermonde island." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Model measurer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Criteria ‘fit’ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Result \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evaluation of model \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RMSEA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≤0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.077 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GFI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AGFI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.829 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RMR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.049 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CFI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.877 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NFI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.804 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IFI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.880 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Marginal Fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RFI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.750 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2781949.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evaluation of measurement for the entire model." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Hypothesis (path) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evaluation of model direct effect</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fakor loading (estimate) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conclusion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occupancy density←accessibility \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.365 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.095 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not significant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occupancy density←social economy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.991 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not significant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occupancy density←behavior \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.193 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Significant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability←accessibility \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.128 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.383 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not significant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability←social economy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.081 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.417 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not significant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability←behavior \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.105 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Significant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability←occupancy density \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.338 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Significant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2781948.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evaluation of the coefficient of the structural model and relation with the research hypothesis." ] ] 3 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "eq0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "n=Z1α2m2⋅P(1−P)Nd2(N−1)+Z1α2m2⋅P(1−P)" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si1.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 1786 "Alto" => 40 "Ancho" => 130 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Livelihood strategy of coastal community: a case study in Tanjung Saleh Islands, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Sudrajat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Komunitas Int J Indones Soc Cult" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "22" "paginaFinal" => "31" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development of water quality index of island wells in Makassar City" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.B. Birawida" 1 => "A. Faisal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1155" "paginaInicial" => "12106" "serieFecha" => "2019" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Environmental health hazards against bacterial contamination of cutlery on the small island of Makassar" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.B. Birawida" 1 => "M. Selomo" 2 => "U.W. Ismita" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 235" "paginaInicial" => "12023" "serieFecha" => "2019" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Water and sanitation standards in humanitarian action" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Ersel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Turkish J Emerg Med" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "27" "paginaFinal" => "33" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A preliminary appraisal of the effect of pumping on seawater intrusion and upconing in a small tropical island using 2D resistivity technique" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N.U. Kura" 1 => "M.F. Ramli" 2 => "S. Ibrahim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2014/796425" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Sci World J" "fecha" => "2014" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Water service quality in Tanzania: access and management" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.Á. García-Valiñas" 1 => "J. Miquel-Florensa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Water Resour Dev" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "451" "paginaFinal" => "471" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Water scarcity in the Spermonde Archipelago, Sulawesi, Indonesia: past, present and future" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.S. Máñez" 1 => "S. Husain" 2 => "S.C.A. Ferse" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Environ Sci Policy" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "84" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Small-island communities in the Philippines prefer local measures to relocation in response to sea-level rise" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.L. Jamero" 1 => "M. Onuki" 2 => "M. Esteban" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Clim Chang" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "581" "paginaFinal" => "586" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of high occupancy density on IAQ, moisture conditions and energy use in apartments" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K. Mjörnell" 1 => "D. Johansson" 2 => "H. Bagge" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Energies" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "4454" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Drinking-Water" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "World Health Organization" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2019" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121003009/v1_202112201615/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121003009/v1_202112201615/en/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911121003009?idApp=WGSE"]

Estadísticas

Agus Bintara Birawidaa,

Autor para correspondencia

agusbirawida@gmail.com
pmc@agri.unhas.ac.id

Corresponding author.

, Erniwati Ibrahima, Anwar Mallongia, Alif Alliullah Al Rasyidib, Yahya Thamrinc, Nurul Aqilah Gunawand

a Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

b Environmental Health Department, Health Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Indonesia

c Occupational Safety and Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

d Computer Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

Leído

2741

Veces
se ha leído el artículo

1183

Total PDF

1558

Total HTML

Compartir estadísticas

 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0213911121003009"
  "issn" => "02139111"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.095"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01"
  "aid" => "2174"
  "copyright" => "SESPAS"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2021"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2021;35S2:S601-S603"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911121003022"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.097"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01"
    "aid" => "2176"
    "copyright" => "SESPAS"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2021;35S2:S604-S609"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Predicting COVID-19 confirmed cases in New York and DKI Jakarta by nonlinear fitting of a Bose&#8211;Einstein energy distribution and its implications on social restrictions"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "S604"
          "paginaFinal" => "S609"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 3394
              "Ancho" => 2500
              "Tamanyo" => 501019
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The observed data during the training is depicted in circles while the observed data of the testing is shown as full circles&#46; The solid and broken lines in the middle are the predictions during the training and testing&#44; respectively&#46; The broken lines are the 95&#37; confidence interval of the prediction&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Halmar Halide"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Halmar"
              "apellidos" => "Halide"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911121003022?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121003022/v1_202112201615/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911121002983"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.093"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01"
    "aid" => "2172"
    "copyright" => "SESPAS"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2021;35S2:S596-S600"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "The linkages between health and agriculture sectors through regional expenditure review"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "S596"
          "paginaFinal" => "S600"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1055
              "Ancho" => 2341
              "Tamanyo" => 98080
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Regional expenditure &#40;Billions&#41; of Bima Regency in 2007 &#8211; 2012 &#40;Database of the University of Mataram Population and Development Research Center &#40;P2KP&#41; Processed by the PERA Team from the APBD&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A&#46; Nixia Tenriawaru, Ika Yustisia, Muhammad Arsyad, Muh Hatta Jamil, Yoshio Kawamura"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46; Nixia"
              "apellidos" => "Tenriawaru"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ika"
              "apellidos" => "Yustisia"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Muhammad"
              "apellidos" => "Arsyad"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Muh Hatta"
              "apellidos" => "Jamil"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Yoshio"
              "apellidos" => "Kawamura"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911121002983?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121002983/v1_202112201615/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:18 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Clean water supply vulnerability model for improving the quality of public health &#40;environmental health perspective&#41;&#58; A case in Spermonde islands&#44; Makassar Indonesia"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "S601"
        "paginaFinal" => "S603"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Agus Bintara Birawida, Erniwati Ibrahim, Anwar Mallongi, Alif Alliullah Al Rasyidi, Yahya Thamrin, Nurul Aqilah Gunawan"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Agus Bintara"
            "apellidos" => "Birawida"
            "email" => array:2 [
              0 => "agusbirawida@gmail.com"
              1 => "pmc@agri.unhas.ac.id"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Erniwati"
            "apellidos" => "Ibrahim"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Anwar"
            "apellidos" => "Mallongi"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Alif Alliullah Al"
            "apellidos" => "Rasyidi"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Yahya"
            "apellidos" => "Thamrin"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Nurul Aqilah"
            "apellidos" => "Gunawan"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Environmental Health Department&#44; Faculty of Public Health&#44; Hasanuddin University&#44; Indonesia"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Environmental Health Department&#44; Health Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang&#44; Indonesia"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Occupational Safety and Health Department&#44; Faculty of Public Health&#44; Hasanuddin University&#44; Indonesia"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Computer Laboratory&#44; Faculty of Public Health&#44; Hasanuddin University&#44; Indonesia"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1553
            "Ancho" => 2500
            "Tamanyo" => 281795
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Model of accessibility&#44; socio-economic&#44; and population behavior to endogenous variables&#58; occupancy density and water vulnerability on the Spermonde island&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isolation and low economy cause poor quality of life on the island&#46; Low productivity is the determination of the low economy to sustain people&#39;s lives&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> This condition illustrates the high vulnerability of people who are living in small islands&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The various problems are interrelated in the Spermonde islands&#46; Economic problems affect the health factors of coastal and island communities&#44; including basic hygiene&#44; availability of clean water&#44; and limited food&#46; Pollution can occur in water&#44; based on the calculation of the Water Quality Index &#40;WQI&#41;&#44; as many as 14 out of 18 well water is polluted&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Other than that&#44; bad behavior in food and beverage management can worsen the quality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Sanitation behavior also influences the water crisis&#44; such as how to taking and using water&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Small islands with all their problems are not only environmental problems&#46; Ecologically&#44; small islands are fragile and vulnerable&#46; Small size&#44; limited land&#44; limited resources&#44; geographical distribution&#44; and isolation from the market&#44; making small islands vulnerable&#46; The vulnerability received the attention of the Small Island Development State &#40;SIDS&#41; countries&#46; Island communities tend to have water sources that do not meet the requirements and the inability to maintain cleanliness&#46; This makes the island an area that is vulnerable to diseases and deaths due to sanitation-related diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low availability of clean water can be a risk factor for several diseases that often occur&#44; ranging from ordinary stomach aches&#44; diarrhea&#44; typhus&#44; intestinal worms&#44; dysentery&#44; to urinary tract infections&#46; This is like what happened in the Spermonde Islands in the Makassar City area&#46; Lae-Lae Puskesmas diarrhea data in 2016 amounted to 48 and increased in 2017 to 55 cases and 2018 in January as many as 7 cases&#46; Barrang Caddi Health officer data in 2017 with 96 cases&#46; At the same time&#44; the data in Lumu-Lumu diarrhea became the seventh-ranked disease that often suffered by people in 2017&#44; with 266 cases&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Small island ecosystems also have limited carrying capacity of both land and clean water&#46; Some small islands have a fairly large population density&#46; Population density on small islands will cause pressure on the environment and have an impact on decreasing island resources&#44; for example&#44; the availability of clean water&#44; which is increasingly scarce&#46; One study conducted on the Malaysian island of Kapas showed an increase in foreign and local tourist arrivals&#44; increasing the level of water demand&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The vulnerability assessment of small islands is part of the sustainable management of the islands&#46; Therefore this research was conducted to develop a model of a clean water vulnerability based on Exogenous variables&#58; Accessibility&#44; Socio-Economic&#44; and Population Behavior to Endogenous variables&#58; occupancy density and water vulnerability on the spermonde island&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Level of environmental vulnerability</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some indicators are included in the assessment of the level of environmental vulnerability with the analysis of the Structure Equation Modeling &#40;SEM&#41;&#46; Exogenous variables comprise accessibility&#44; behavior&#44; and social economy&#46; Endogenous variables are divided into occupancy density and water vulnerability&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Subjects</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 212 samples was collected in the spermonde islands around Makassar City using a simple random sampling method&#46; There were three islands included in this study&#44; namely Lae-Lae totaling 86 houses&#44; Barrang Caddi totaling 77 houses&#44; and Lumu-Lumu totaling 49 houses&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The minimum sample size needed is determined by the Lemeshow formula&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Information&#58;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>volume of sample</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>volume of population</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>level of desired absolute accuracy</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Z1&#8722;&#945;2m2&#61;level of the desired meaning</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>proportion estimate</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Research design</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research is a quantitative study using observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach that aims to develop a model of factors that affect water vulnerability on the small Spermonde islands&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Data collection</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data was collected by researchers using a questionnaire&#46; Instrument validation was tested with the Pearson product-moment correlation technique&#46; While the reliability of the instrument was tested using Alpha Cronbach&#46; Data were analyzed using SEM analysis with the Amos program 18&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Result</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The estimated values of water vulnerability can be described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The model test results that are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> above are evaluated based on the goodness of fit indices in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> by presenting the model criteria as well as the critical values that have data suitability&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the evaluation of the proposed model&#44; it can be seen that the evaluation of the construct of two variables produces values below the fit criteria&#44; meaning that the model is by following per under the data so that the next model suitability test can be performed&#46; The complete measurement model for water vulnerability has shown that there is a fit model that matches the data with the model &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Referring to the principle of Parsimony Theory&#44; the model above shows a good level of acceptance&#46; Therefore it implies that the model can be accepted and developed further&#46; Based on the empiric model proposed in this study&#44; testing of hypotheses can be carried out through the path coefficient on the structural equation model&#46; If the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value is smaller than 0&#46;05&#44; then the relationship between variables is significant&#46; The test results are presented in the following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#58;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> depicts that this study found a relationship between behavior with occupancy density&#44; behavior with water vulnerability&#44; and occupancy density with water vulnerability&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">About 43&#37; of the respondents were far away from clean water access and facilities&#46; This condition had an impact on the vulnerability of clean water&#46; In Tanzania&#44; access to clean water has greatly affected the well-being of the Tanzanian community&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Utilization of tap&#47;pipe water and group water management are the best solutions in the provision of clean water in Tanzania&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to the results of the research with SEM analysis models where the level of community access on the Spermonde islands to clean water is not significant&#46; This happens because the community is not too constrained by access to resources&#46; The community can go to the source of clean water to traders on each island by private transportation&#46; The same results the accessibility to occupancy density are unrelated&#46; This is caused because residents who have long lived on the island for generations have more initiative to develop by leaving their island&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The socio-economic level of clean water vulnerability is not significant&#46; Even though the community has a low income&#44; they prioritize buying water over other goods&#46; The water scarcity on the small island requires them to buy water at a high price&#46; The water scarcity on a small island has occurred 70 years ago and is still ongoing&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The same results suggest that socioeconomic factors are insignificant in residential densities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> This is because people who live for generations on the island&#44; move from the island to the mainland with the path of urbanization&#46; They are urbanizing because they want to get a better income&#46; In contrast to communities in the Philippines&#44; they have more choice to remain on the island than relocation to the mainland&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study also highlights that community behavior has a significant effect on water vulnerability&#46; This is due to the high response in dealing with water vulnerability&#46; People choose to save money in water use&#46; Also&#44; they harvest rainwater harvesting&#46; The influence of community behavior on occupancy density was statistically significant&#46; The reason is that married people choose to remain in their parents&#8217; homes so that the number of occupants in one house increases and solidifies&#46; Residential density also occurs in Sweden&#44; so people try to save in the use of clean water&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study supports the argument that the effect of residential density on clean water with a value of 88&#46;8&#37; is very vulnerable to clean water&#46; The results of research with SEM that occupancy density has a significant relationship to the vulnerability of clean water&#46; The vulnerability of clean water is a problem&#46; As many as 1&#46;2 million deaths occur due to unsafe water&#46; It is estimated that by 2025&#44; half of the world&#39;s population will experience water shortages&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclusions</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is concluded that community behavior and occupancy density are the main factors for the vulnerability of clean water on the small islands of Spermonde&#46; Adaptation behavior with water vulnerability such as water storage and saving needs to be improved&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:9 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1632557"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusion"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456709"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Method"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Level of environmental vulnerability"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Subjects"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Research design"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Data collection"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Result"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        8 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-06-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2021-07-30"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456709"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Vulnerability"
            1 => "Clean water"
            2 => "Spermonde islands"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aims to generate a clean water vulnerability model based on exogenous variables&#58; accessibility&#44; socio-economic&#44; and population behavior to endogenous variables&#58; occupancy density and water vulnerability to support the quality of public health in Spermonde island&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This research was conducted in three islands &#40;Spermonde&#41;&#44; namely Lae-Lae&#44; Barang Caddi&#44; and Lumu-Lumu&#46; The research design is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach&#46; The 212 respondents were obtained using a simple random sampling method&#46; A questionnaire was employed to interview respondents related to the level of environmental vulnerability&#46; Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling &#40;SEM&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study found some variables are not statistically significant associated with water vulnerability such as accessibility to occupancy density &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;095&#41;&#44; socio-economic to occupancy density &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;991&#41;&#44; accessibility to water vulnerability &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;383&#41;&#44; socio-economic against water vulnerability &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;417&#41;&#44; occupancy density for water vulnerability &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; In contrast&#44; behavior to occupancy density &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#44; behavior towards water vulnerability &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>below 0&#46;01&#41; have a significant association&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Community behavior and occupancy density are the main factors associated with the vulnerability of clean water on the small spermonde islands&#46; Adaptation behavior with water vulnerability such as water storage and saving needs to be improved&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Nursing&#44; Health Science Students &#38; Health Care Professionals Conference&#46; Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1553
            "Ancho" => 2500
            "Tamanyo" => 281795
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Model of accessibility&#44; socio-economic&#44; and population behavior to endogenous variables&#58; occupancy density and water vulnerability on the Spermonde island&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Model measurer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Criteria &#8216;fit&#8217;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Result&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evaluation of model&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RMSEA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804;0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;077&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GFI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AGFI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;829&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RMR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;049&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CFI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;877&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NFI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;804&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IFI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;880&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Marginal Fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RFI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;750&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Marginal fit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2781949.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluation of measurement for the entire model&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Hypothesis &#40;path&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evaluation of model direct effect</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fakor loading &#40;estimate&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conclusion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occupancy density<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8592;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>accessibility&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;365&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;095&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not significant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occupancy density<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8592;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>social economy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;991&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not significant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Occupancy density<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8592;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>behavior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Significant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8592;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>accessibility&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;128&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;383&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not significant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8592;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>social economy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;081&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;417&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not significant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8592;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>behavior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;105&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Significant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Water vulnerability<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8592;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>occupancy density&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;338&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Significant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2781948.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluation of the coefficient of the structural model and relation with the research hypothesis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "eq0005"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "n&#61;Z1&#945;2m2&#8901;P&#40;1&#8722;P&#41;Nd2&#40;N&#8722;1&#41;&#43;Z1&#945;2m2&#8901;P&#40;1&#8722;P&#41;"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si1.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 1786
          "Alto" => 40
          "Ancho" => 130
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Livelihood strategy of coastal community&#58; a case study in Tanjung Saleh Islands&#44; Kubu Raya District&#44; Indonesia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Sudrajat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Komunitas Int J Indones Soc Cult"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "22"
                        "paginaFinal" => "31"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Development of water quality index of island wells in Makassar City"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;B&#46; Birawida"
                            1 => "A&#46; Faisal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "titulo" => "Journal of Physics&#58; Conference Series&#44; vol&#46; 1155"
                        "paginaInicial" => "12106"
                        "serieFecha" => "2019"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Environmental health hazards against bacterial contamination of cutlery on the small island of Makassar"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;B&#46; Birawida"
                            1 => "M&#46; Selomo"
                            2 => "U&#46;W&#46; Ismita"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "titulo" => "IOP Conference Series&#58; Earth and Environmental Science&#44; vol&#46; 235"
                        "paginaInicial" => "12023"
                        "serieFecha" => "2019"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Water and sanitation standards in humanitarian action"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ersel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Turkish J Emerg Med"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "27"
                        "paginaFinal" => "33"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A preliminary appraisal of the effect of pumping on seawater intrusion and upconing in a small tropical island using 2D resistivity technique"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46;U&#46; Kura"
                            1 => "M&#46;F&#46; Ramli"
                            2 => "S&#46; Ibrahim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2014/796425"
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sci World J"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Water service quality in Tanzania&#58; access and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;&#193;&#46; Garc&#237;a-Vali&#241;as"
                            1 => "J&#46; Miquel-Florensa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Water Resour Dev"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "451"
                        "paginaFinal" => "471"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Water scarcity in the Spermonde Archipelago&#44; Sulawesi&#44; Indonesia&#58; past&#44; present and future"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;S&#46; M&#225;&#241;ez"
                            1 => "S&#46; Husain"
                            2 => "S&#46;C&#46;A&#46; Ferse"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Environ Sci Policy"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "74"
                        "paginaFinal" => "84"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Small-island communities in the Philippines prefer local measures to relocation in response to sea-level rise"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;L&#46; Jamero"
                            1 => "M&#46; Onuki"
                            2 => "M&#46; Esteban"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Clim Chang"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "581"
                        "paginaFinal" => "586"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of high occupancy density on IAQ&#44; moisture conditions and energy use in apartments"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Mj&#246;rnell"
                            1 => "D&#46; Johansson"
                            2 => "H&#46; Bagge"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Energies"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4454"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Drinking-Water"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:1 [
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121003009/v1_202112201615/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121003009/v1_202112201615/en/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911121003009?idApp=WGSE"
]

Información del artículo

ISSN: 02139111
Idioma original: Inglés

DOI:10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.095

Datos actualizados diariamente

año/Mes	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 Noviembre	2	2	4
2024 Octubre	76	46	122
2024 Septiembre	62	33	95
2024 Agosto	71	49	120
2024 Julio	68	34	102
2024 Junio	40	18	58
2024 Mayo	60	27	87
2024 Abril	48	25	73
2024 Marzo	54	28	82
2024 Febrero	55	40	95
2024 Enero	54	23	77
2023 Diciembre	41	16	57
2023 Noviembre	51	38	89
2023 Octubre	50	35	85
2023 Septiembre	54	21	75
2023 Agosto	32	12	44
2023 Julio	39	34	73
2023 Junio	42	14	56
2023 Mayo	44	15	59
2023 Abril	36	25	61
2023 Marzo	41	32	73
2023 Febrero	26	20	46
2023 Enero	27	18	45
2022 Diciembre	30	24	54
2022 Noviembre	57	64	121
2022 Octubre	37	50	87
2022 Septiembre	29	33	62
2022 Agosto	30	70	100
2022 Julio	50	57	107
2022 Junio	37	54	91
2022 Mayo	39	45	84
2022 Abril	43	43	86
2022 Marzo	45	35	80
2022 Febrero	30	36	66
2022 Enero	47	53	100
2021 Diciembre	11	14	25

Mostrar todo

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Estadísticas

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Estadísticas

Suscríbase a la newsletter