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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HIV&#47;AID is a global health issue<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> and is a challenge in reaching the 2030 SDGs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; data shows that 54&#37; of people with HIV are new infections&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Since the beginning of the epidemic&#44; 75 million people were infected with HIV and around 32 million have since died from HIV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Globally&#44; around 37&#46;9 million &#91;32&#46;7&#8211;44&#46;0 million&#93; people are living with HIV at the end of 2018&#46; 1&#46;7 million &#91;1&#46;4&#8211;2&#46;3&#93; millions are newly infected cases of HIV dan 770&#44;000 &#91;570&#44;000&#8211;1&#46;1 million&#93; people are dying due to AIDS related conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A myriad of efforts are done in terms of prevention of HIV&#47;AIDS are done&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> however the stigmatization still an important issue&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a> Societal stigma to the family or the person infected HIV&#47;AIDS often times becomes the main obstacle in the effort to reduce the prevalence of HIV&#47;AIDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Stigma and discrimination such as discrimination and rejection in the family&#44; work and social environment can cause the people infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41; to become overly stressed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> The reason is that according to society&#44; HIV&#47;AIDS is an infectious and dangerous disease with knowing the process of infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> People infected with HIV &#40;HIV Positive&#41; receives unfair and unjust treatment due to the stigma of the condition that they suffer from&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This particular issue needs a comprehensive attention and management by involving all elements starting from the nation&#44; LSM&#44; International Society and also The UN&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> HIV&#47;AIDS epidemic will cause detrimental effect to national development at holistic scale due to the fact that other than negatively impact the health aspect&#44; it can also negatively impact the socio-economic development and cause live expectancy to become halted and even reduced which can threaten the life of the populace and even the life of a nation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sources found using online databases provides online journal which provides articles in the form of PDF such as Pubmed&#44; Scinapse and Elsevier&#46; Articles retrieved from each databases were imported the Mendeley Library&#46; The inserted criterion in the databases was &#40;1&#41; focus on the stigma of HIV&#44; &#40;2&#41; published within the last 10 years &#40;2010&#8211;2020&#41; &#40;3&#41; articles in English and full text were chosen&#46; Exclusion criteria were &#40;1&#41; Review&#47;Editorials&#44; &#40;2&#41; Conference Process&#44; &#40;3&#41; Systematic Review&#47;Literature Reviews&#44; &#40;4&#41; Protocol Studies and &#40;5&#41; Meta-Analysis&#46; The study selection process follows the data extraction based on PRISMA 2015 Guidelines in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Author filters all publication by reading the title and abstract&#46; In the final filtering process&#44; by reading the complete text from the remaining articles and maintains the study which falls into the inclusion criteria&#47;exceptions&#46; The chosen study summary were noted&#44; consisting of&#59; author&#44; year of publication&#44; design and study outcome&#47;results &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Result</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Literature search &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Modeling is a process in creating a model of a system&#46; The purpose of modeling is to analyze and give proper prediction which can closely simulate reality&#44; before a model is applied to the field&#46; This situation also applies on the stigma problem related to HIV&#44; by creating a model&#44; it can formulized a particular process to reduce stigma&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stigmatization is cultural construct and its corresponding experience can vary between countries and community&#46; This opposite perspective can help explain the difference in faith&#44; behavior and cross culture action&#46; According to a research by Collins Airhihenbuwa&#44; 2019 which applies the Budaya PEN-3 in grading stigma&#44; which is Cultural Identity &#40;CI&#41;&#44; Cultural Empowerment &#40;CE&#41;&#44; and Relationship and Expectations &#40;RE&#41;&#46; Result of the research mentioned that family and Healthcare Centers were found to have a positive non-stigmatization and negative stigmatization in caring for HIV&#47;AIDS related stigma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A research done by Zang Chunpeng &#40;2014&#41; mentioned that HIV related stigma is deeply rooted on culture&#44; therefore it is important to investigate it on a cultural context&#46; As a result of cultural behavior to HIV&#47;AIDS&#44; Individuals Infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41; can and will internalize their feeling as a negative stigma which are felt by society&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A particularly notable cultural factor &#40;which becomes a center of attention&#41; in self stigma&#46; This particular problem is not unlike the previous research&#44; by saying that self-stigma can impact the stigmatized society&#39;s welfare on their society&#46; This cause a hampering in cultural intervention whose goal is to reduce self-stigmatization and increase mental health between the stigmatized groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HIV related stigma are also tied with housing comfort or place of living&#44; social support such as emotional help&#44; informational support&#44; real support and loving support&#44; positive social interaction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Research by Carmen H&#46; Logie et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41; from the Structural Equation model mentions that racial discrimination has a significant direct effect on&#58; HIV related stigma&#44; depression and social support&#44; and indirect effect on health which are self-graded through stigma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Other modeling research that were done by Tiffany R&#46; Glynn &#40;2019&#41; recounted that HIV related stigma and stress were directly related with depression&#44; and depression has a direct relationship with health&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;26</span></a> Moreover Randolph C&#46;H&#46; Chan et al&#46; &#40;2020&#41; conduct a research on 2 modeling process which is intrapersonal and interpersonal&#46; The research results expressed a process in which Interpersonal and intrapersonal which acted as a base for HIV related stigma and mental health&#46; However stigma that are applied has a direct effect on psychological pressure and life satisfaction&#46; Internally&#44; Individuals Infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41; also realized on the stigmatization that directly relates with the identity of HIV&#44; which in turns relates with a larger psychological pressure&#44; and worst of all&#44; their satisfaction with their own life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HIV related stigma is a complex problem&#44; therefore there needs to be a modeling as a media to reach an optimal solution&#46; Several modeling research that were done stated that HIV Related Stigma were deeply rooted on different culture of different nations and community&#46; Moreover&#44; it also important to note the difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal process in addressing stigma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author and year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dependent variable&#47;latent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Independent variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Methods&#47;modeling&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Randolph C&#46;H&#46; Chan et al&#46;&#44; 2021<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stigma from society&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stigma anticipation&#44; self-stigma&#44; psychological pressure and life satisfaction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interpersonal and intrapersonal process which bases the HIV related stigma and mental health&#46; Moreover&#44; the stigma has direct effects on psychological process and life satisfaction of the HIV infected &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Collins Airhihenbuwa et al&#46;&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cultural identity &#40;CI&#41;&#44; cultural empowerment &#40;CE&#41; and relations and expectations &#40;RE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Social support and perception&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">On the cultural and social contexts&#46; Family and care center are the two main contexts of stigma in relations with the HIV&#47;AIDS infected individuals &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chengbo Zeng et al&#46;&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The perceived and internalized stigma &#40;PIS&#41;&#44; depression and suicide status&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Effects of depression&#59; positive influence&#59; somatic and activity incapability&#59; interpersonal problems&#59; perceived stigma&#59; internalized stigma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perceived stigma and internalized stigma were correlated with the increase of depression and potential suicidal status&#46; Depression related with a positive suicidal states on individuals infected HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carmen H&#46; Logie et al&#46;&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HIV related stigma&#58; depersonalization&#44; negative self image&#44; public behavior and depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Starting the use of anti-retroviral &#40;ART&#41;&#44; the usage of ART on present&#44; and its obedience in usage is 90&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pathways analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Depression mediates the pathways of self-stigmatization to obedience on using ART and negative self-image on the usage of ART dan current obedience level of ART&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Wei Wang et al&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Suicide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The perceived stigma&#44; social support&#44; depression and self-respect&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self-respect and depression are really perceived to be impactful to stigma plays an important part on suicidal ideas among individuals Infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Loutfy&#44; R&#46; et al&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self-stigma&#44; expression of worry&#44; negative self-image&#44; public behavior and social support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HIV related stigma&#44; housing insecurity&#44; depression&#44; social support&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A complex interaction between structural problems such as housing insecurity&#44; community level stigma and social discrimination&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Winnie W&#46;S&#46; Mak et al&#46;&#44; 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self stigma between the Lian and Mianzi culture upon the mental health of individual infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moral emotions<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Guilt and Shame&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A significant&#44; albeit indirect effect to self stigma and mental health through moral emotion on Lian culture&#44; however the same effect was not found on Mianzi culture&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chunpeng Zang&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Public stigma and self stigma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Three social groups&#44; family members&#44; friends and neighbors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A path analytic model&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stigma related to HIV is public and self stigma is reinforced by culture and mediated a relationship between collectivist culture and social group support&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na-Yeun Choi and Matthew J&#46; Miller&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The willingness of the individual to seek counseling&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sikap&#44;stigma antara budaya Asia dan Eropa Amerika&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A path analytic model&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Culture is a distal variable which transmit its influence through stigma unto willingness to seek counseling and treatment&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Synthesis table on model in reducing HIV-related stigma&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology&#44; determinants&#44; and management of AIDS cholangiopathy&#58; a review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Naseer"
                            1 => "F&#46;E&#46; Dailey"
                            2 => "A&#46; Al Juboori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3748/wjg.v24.i7.767"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Gastroenterol"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "767"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29467548"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1&#44; 1990&#8211;2015&#58; a systematic review&#44; global survey&#44; and trend analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Hemelaar"
                            1 => "R&#46; Elangovan"
                            2 => "J&#46; Yun"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30647-9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "155"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30509777"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "United Nations Programme on HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;UNAIDS&#41;&#46; UNAIDS data 2018 &#91;Internet&#93;&#46; Geneva&#44; Switzerland&#58; United Nations Programme on HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;UNAIDS&#41;&#59; 2018&#46; 1&#8211;376 p&#46; Available at&#58; <a target="_blank" href="https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/unaids-data-2018_en.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;unaids&#46;org&#47;sites&#47;default&#47;files&#47;media&#95;asset&#47;unaids-data-2018&#95;en&#46;pdf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Global Health Observatory &#40;GHO&#41; data HIV&#47;AIDS"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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Combination model in reducing HIV-related stigma: A systematic review
Sri Handayania,b,
Autor para correspondencia
, M. Alimin Maidinb, Agus Bintara Birawidab, Ansariadib, Rahayu Indriasarib
a Tamalatea College of Health Sciences, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
b Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HIV&#47;AID is a global health issue<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> and is a challenge in reaching the 2030 SDGs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; data shows that 54&#37; of people with HIV are new infections&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Since the beginning of the epidemic&#44; 75 million people were infected with HIV and around 32 million have since died from HIV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Globally&#44; around 37&#46;9 million &#91;32&#46;7&#8211;44&#46;0 million&#93; people are living with HIV at the end of 2018&#46; 1&#46;7 million &#91;1&#46;4&#8211;2&#46;3&#93; millions are newly infected cases of HIV dan 770&#44;000 &#91;570&#44;000&#8211;1&#46;1 million&#93; people are dying due to AIDS related conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A myriad of efforts are done in terms of prevention of HIV&#47;AIDS are done&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> however the stigmatization still an important issue&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a> Societal stigma to the family or the person infected HIV&#47;AIDS often times becomes the main obstacle in the effort to reduce the prevalence of HIV&#47;AIDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Stigma and discrimination such as discrimination and rejection in the family&#44; work and social environment can cause the people infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41; to become overly stressed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> The reason is that according to society&#44; HIV&#47;AIDS is an infectious and dangerous disease with knowing the process of infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> People infected with HIV &#40;HIV Positive&#41; receives unfair and unjust treatment due to the stigma of the condition that they suffer from&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This particular issue needs a comprehensive attention and management by involving all elements starting from the nation&#44; LSM&#44; International Society and also The UN&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> HIV&#47;AIDS epidemic will cause detrimental effect to national development at holistic scale due to the fact that other than negatively impact the health aspect&#44; it can also negatively impact the socio-economic development and cause live expectancy to become halted and even reduced which can threaten the life of the populace and even the life of a nation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sources found using online databases provides online journal which provides articles in the form of PDF such as Pubmed&#44; Scinapse and Elsevier&#46; Articles retrieved from each databases were imported the Mendeley Library&#46; The inserted criterion in the databases was &#40;1&#41; focus on the stigma of HIV&#44; &#40;2&#41; published within the last 10 years &#40;2010&#8211;2020&#41; &#40;3&#41; articles in English and full text were chosen&#46; Exclusion criteria were &#40;1&#41; Review&#47;Editorials&#44; &#40;2&#41; Conference Process&#44; &#40;3&#41; Systematic Review&#47;Literature Reviews&#44; &#40;4&#41; Protocol Studies and &#40;5&#41; Meta-Analysis&#46; The study selection process follows the data extraction based on PRISMA 2015 Guidelines in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Author filters all publication by reading the title and abstract&#46; In the final filtering process&#44; by reading the complete text from the remaining articles and maintains the study which falls into the inclusion criteria&#47;exceptions&#46; The chosen study summary were noted&#44; consisting of&#59; author&#44; year of publication&#44; design and study outcome&#47;results &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Result</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Literature search &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Modeling is a process in creating a model of a system&#46; The purpose of modeling is to analyze and give proper prediction which can closely simulate reality&#44; before a model is applied to the field&#46; This situation also applies on the stigma problem related to HIV&#44; by creating a model&#44; it can formulized a particular process to reduce stigma&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stigmatization is cultural construct and its corresponding experience can vary between countries and community&#46; This opposite perspective can help explain the difference in faith&#44; behavior and cross culture action&#46; According to a research by Collins Airhihenbuwa&#44; 2019 which applies the Budaya PEN-3 in grading stigma&#44; which is Cultural Identity &#40;CI&#41;&#44; Cultural Empowerment &#40;CE&#41;&#44; and Relationship and Expectations &#40;RE&#41;&#46; Result of the research mentioned that family and Healthcare Centers were found to have a positive non-stigmatization and negative stigmatization in caring for HIV&#47;AIDS related stigma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A research done by Zang Chunpeng &#40;2014&#41; mentioned that HIV related stigma is deeply rooted on culture&#44; therefore it is important to investigate it on a cultural context&#46; As a result of cultural behavior to HIV&#47;AIDS&#44; Individuals Infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41; can and will internalize their feeling as a negative stigma which are felt by society&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A particularly notable cultural factor &#40;which becomes a center of attention&#41; in self stigma&#46; This particular problem is not unlike the previous research&#44; by saying that self-stigma can impact the stigmatized society&#39;s welfare on their society&#46; This cause a hampering in cultural intervention whose goal is to reduce self-stigmatization and increase mental health between the stigmatized groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HIV related stigma are also tied with housing comfort or place of living&#44; social support such as emotional help&#44; informational support&#44; real support and loving support&#44; positive social interaction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Research by Carmen H&#46; Logie et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41; from the Structural Equation model mentions that racial discrimination has a significant direct effect on&#58; HIV related stigma&#44; depression and social support&#44; and indirect effect on health which are self-graded through stigma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Other modeling research that were done by Tiffany R&#46; Glynn &#40;2019&#41; recounted that HIV related stigma and stress were directly related with depression&#44; and depression has a direct relationship with health&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;26</span></a> Moreover Randolph C&#46;H&#46; Chan et al&#46; &#40;2020&#41; conduct a research on 2 modeling process which is intrapersonal and interpersonal&#46; The research results expressed a process in which Interpersonal and intrapersonal which acted as a base for HIV related stigma and mental health&#46; However stigma that are applied has a direct effect on psychological pressure and life satisfaction&#46; Internally&#44; Individuals Infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41; also realized on the stigmatization that directly relates with the identity of HIV&#44; which in turns relates with a larger psychological pressure&#44; and worst of all&#44; their satisfaction with their own life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HIV related stigma is a complex problem&#44; therefore there needs to be a modeling as a media to reach an optimal solution&#46; Several modeling research that were done stated that HIV Related Stigma were deeply rooted on different culture of different nations and community&#46; Moreover&#44; it also important to note the difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal process in addressing stigma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This article identifies and explains the various research models related to HIV stigma&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This systematic review is done using the PRISMA 2015 guidelines&#46; Source of this review uses 3 online journal databases which are Pubmed&#44; Scinapse&#44; Elsevier&#46; Search criteria include articles published this past 10 years between 2010 and 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Result</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">4146 articles were obtained and 9 articles which are suited with the inclusion criteria and were chosen in the literature review&#46; It was discovered that stigmatization is a cultural construct and its experiences varies between countries and communities&#46; Models which differentiate are interpersonal and intrapersonal process in handling the stigma&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Stigmas are still an important issues because often times it became an obstacle in the effort to reduce the prevalence of HIV&#47;AIDS&#46; Therefore there needs to be a gold standard scenario in reducing HIV related stigma&#44; one of them being cultural in source&#46;</p></span>"
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            "identificador" => "abst0015"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Nursing&#44; Health Science Students &#38; Health Care Professionals Conference&#46; Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article&#46;</p>"
      ]
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author and year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dependent variable&#47;latent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Independent variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Methods&#47;modeling&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Randolph C&#46;H&#46; Chan et al&#46;&#44; 2021<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stigma from society&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stigma anticipation&#44; self-stigma&#44; psychological pressure and life satisfaction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interpersonal and intrapersonal process which bases the HIV related stigma and mental health&#46; Moreover&#44; the stigma has direct effects on psychological process and life satisfaction of the HIV infected &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Collins Airhihenbuwa et al&#46;&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cultural identity &#40;CI&#41;&#44; cultural empowerment &#40;CE&#41; and relations and expectations &#40;RE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Social support and perception&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">On the cultural and social contexts&#46; Family and care center are the two main contexts of stigma in relations with the HIV&#47;AIDS infected individuals &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chengbo Zeng et al&#46;&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The perceived and internalized stigma &#40;PIS&#41;&#44; depression and suicide status&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Effects of depression&#59; positive influence&#59; somatic and activity incapability&#59; interpersonal problems&#59; perceived stigma&#59; internalized stigma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perceived stigma and internalized stigma were correlated with the increase of depression and potential suicidal status&#46; Depression related with a positive suicidal states on individuals infected HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carmen H&#46; Logie et al&#46;&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HIV related stigma&#58; depersonalization&#44; negative self image&#44; public behavior and depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Starting the use of anti-retroviral &#40;ART&#41;&#44; the usage of ART on present&#44; and its obedience in usage is 90&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pathways analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Depression mediates the pathways of self-stigmatization to obedience on using ART and negative self-image on the usage of ART dan current obedience level of ART&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Wei Wang et al&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Suicide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The perceived stigma&#44; social support&#44; depression and self-respect&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self-respect and depression are really perceived to be impactful to stigma plays an important part on suicidal ideas among individuals Infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Loutfy&#44; R&#46; et al&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self-stigma&#44; expression of worry&#44; negative self-image&#44; public behavior and social support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HIV related stigma&#44; housing insecurity&#44; depression&#44; social support&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A complex interaction between structural problems such as housing insecurity&#44; community level stigma and social discrimination&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Winnie W&#46;S&#46; Mak et al&#46;&#44; 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Self stigma between the Lian and Mianzi culture upon the mental health of individual infected with HIV&#47;AIDS &#40;ODHA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moral emotions<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Guilt and Shame&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A structural equation model &#40;SEM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A significant&#44; albeit indirect effect to self stigma and mental health through moral emotion on Lian culture&#44; however the same effect was not found on Mianzi culture&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chunpeng Zang&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Public stigma and self stigma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Three social groups&#44; family members&#44; friends and neighbors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A path analytic model&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stigma related to HIV is public and self stigma is reinforced by culture and mediated a relationship between collectivist culture and social group support&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na-Yeun Choi and Matthew J&#46; Miller&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The willingness of the individual to seek counseling&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sikap&#44;stigma antara budaya Asia dan Eropa Amerika&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A path analytic model&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Culture is a distal variable which transmit its influence through stigma unto willingness to seek counseling and treatment&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Synthesis table on model in reducing HIV-related stigma&#46;</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology&#44; determinants&#44; and management of AIDS cholangiopathy&#58; a review"
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ISSN: 02139111
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