Effect of royal jelly to deal with stress oxidative in preconception women: A literature review

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Mustika Fadillah Rizki, Andi Nilawati Usman, Indah Raya, Aliyah, Andi Dirpan, Aryadi Arsyad, Fendi Fendi, Andi Sumidarti" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A. Mustika Fadillah" "apellidos" => "Rizki" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Andi Nilawati" "apellidos" => "Usman" "email" => array:2 [ 0 => "andinilawati@pasca.unhas.ac.id" 1 => "pmc@agri.unhas.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Indah" "apellidos" => "Raya" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "apellidos" => "Aliyah" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andi" "apellidos" => "Dirpan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Aryadi" "apellidos" => "Arsyad" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Fendi" "apellidos" => "Fendi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andi" "apellidos" => "Sumidarti" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Midwifery Study Program, Gaduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Chemistry Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Pharmacy Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Research and Community Service, Wuna Agricultural University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionPreconception becomes very important because, at this time, women will prepare themselves before conception occurs. Thus, the fulfillment of nutrition and the mother's psychological condition must be good for giving birth to healthy offspring.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">1</a> Fulfillment of good nutrition during the preconception can reduce the risk of complications at the time of conception that will affect the health of the offspring.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">2</a> Besides, the state of stress that occurs in women during this preconception also greatly affects the mother's health, which will cause menstrual disorders, PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome), and infertility.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">3</a> Oxidative stress is a form of stress that occurs due to the body's lack of antioxidants and high free radicals that will cause damage to the cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">4</a>Management of oxidative stress that occurs in preconceived women can be done with non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is royal jelly. Royal jelly is another product of bees produced by thick white bees such as milk secreted from the hypopharyngeal gland and mandibular worker bees as food from the queen bee.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a> Royal jelly is often referred to as a superfood because it contains complex nutrients, namely fat, water, carbohydrates, protein, amino acids, sugar, iron, calcium, and vitamins. Additionally, royal jelly also contains flavonoids and phenolic acids, which are part of phenolic as an antioxidant.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">6,7</a> The complexity of the nutrition content of royal jelly provides pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">8</a>Several studies have been conducted in discussing the chemical structure, content, bioactivity, and antioxidant examination of royal jelly, which can be used as scientific information on the benefits of royal jelly. However, the explanation of the benefits of the information of the royal jelly as a non-pharmacological therapy in preconception women who experience stress is still very minimal. Thus, this literature review aims to provide information about the effect and benefit of royal jelly against oxidative stress in preconception women.MethodIn searching journals in this literature review, using online libraries to look for journals relevant to the content and benefits of royal jelly in overcoming the stress on preconception women in this literature, namely PubMed, ContentSciendo, and ScienceDirect. In the search for related articles based on keywords in questions in the study. Search keywords consist of; royal jelly, stress, oxidative stress, preconception.ResultThe search for articles that have been done by filtering according to research keywords in the last 5 years acquired 25 articles related to the content of royal jelly and oxidative activity. Then do the filtering of the articles again related to the questions in this study so that 6 articles are appropriate.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">1.The main content of royal jellyBased on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>, royal jelly contains 50–70% water, 7–18% carbohydrate, 9–18% protein, 3–8% lipids, 1.5% mineral salts, polyphenols, enzymes, hormones, and vitamins. Royal jelly contains bioactive components consisting of peptides, sterols, and fatty acids such as 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic, which effectively reduce ROS (reactive oxygen species) and hydroxyl radicals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">9</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">2.Antioxidant in royal jellyFlavonoid is a form of antioxidant in the royal jelly, divided into flavonoids, flavon, flavonol, and dan isoflavonoid.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">7</a> The royal jelly contains 23.3±0.92GAEμg/mg total of phenolics and 1.28±0.09REμg/mg of total flavonoid.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">6</a> Pinobanksin and organic acids and their esters, for example, octanoic acid, 2-hexanoic acid, their esters, dodecanoic acid, and their esters, 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, and benzoic acid are the main phenolic compounds contained in royal jelly.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">11</a></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">3.Royal jelly in dealing with oxidative stress in preconception women</li></ul>The antioxidant content of royal jelly can overcome oxidative stress due to high free radicals in preconception women. In some studies, royal jelly provides significant protection against the liver and kidneys by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing glutathione (GSH) as an antioxidant.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">12</a> Royal jelly also contains a bioactive component in the form of 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic (10-HDA), which is an anti-inflammatory and can reduce oxidative stress.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">13</a> Also, royal jelly can increase the growth and development of follicles that secrete estradiol to stimulate the uterus, increase LH (luteinizing hormone) and ovulation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">14,15</a> Royal jelly contains MRJP 1, which gives a hypercholesterolemia effect that will affect the inhibition of corticosterone synthesis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">16</a>DiscussionThe six journal articles in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> explained that giving royal jelly as a supplement can have a significant effect in increasing antioxidant levels to reduce oxidative stress that occurs during preconception.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">19</a> Antioxidants usually inhibit ROS production (reactive oxygen species) and bind to free radicals so that they become reactive.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">14</a> The antioxidant effect contained in the royal jelly can maintain the increase in glutathione in the blood, which is the primary antioxidant that functions as a detoxifier and regulates the immune system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">20</a> Glutathione is produced from cells directly involved in neutralizing ROS free radicals and maintaining reduced vitamin C and E as exogenous antioxidants.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">18</a> In other studies, administering royal jelly with certain doses can increase antioxidants in the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) test and reduce nitric oxidase levels, which can reduce ROS increase by decreasing nitric oxidase levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">12</a> Besides, an antioxidant activity that maintains elevated levels of glutathione in royal jelly can reduce the increase in lipid peroxidation, which is a sign of oxidative stress.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">17</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>ConclusionBased on a journal search, using royal jelly as a supplement to increase antioxidants in the body in overcoming oxidative stress that occurs in preconception women is very effective. Several laboratory tests have been done to state that royal jelly given to animals increases glutathione levels as the main antioxidant in the body and can suppress increased lipid peroxidation, reducing oxidative stress.Conflicts of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1632481" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456633" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-06-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-07-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456633" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Royal jelly" 1 => "Stress" 2 => "Oxidative stress" 3 => "Preconception" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionOxidative stress that occurs in preconception women can disrupt the reproductive system to cause infertility. The antioxidants contained in royal jelly can overcome oxidative stress due to low antioxidants in the body. The purpose of this study is to examine studies of the content of royal jelly, antioxidant activity, and the effectiveness of royal jelly in dealing with oxidative stress in preconception women. MethodThis research method is an electronic database search using keywords according to questions in research from the online library PubMed, content science, and Science Direct. Resulta study review conducted in 6 research journals stated that the use of royal jelly as a supplement containing 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic (10-HDA) increases glutathione levels, as well as lipid peroxidation inhibitors. ConclusionThe effectiveness of royal jelly to overcome oxidative stress in preconception women can be assessed from the content of royal jelly and antioxidant activity that can increase the glutathione levels and inhibit increased lipid peroxidation, which is a sign of oxidative stress." 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entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Potassium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200–1000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Magnesium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20–100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Iron \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1–11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Zink \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.7–8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Copper \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.33–1.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B1 (thiamin) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1–1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B2 (riboflavin) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5–2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B3 (niacin) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.5–19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B5 (panthothenic acid) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.6–23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">B6 (pyridoxin) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.2–5.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">H (BIOTIN) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.15–0.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Folic acid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.01–0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2781760.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mineral and vitamin content of royal jelly.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">7,10</a>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Purpose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">The dose of royal jelly \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">The effect of royal jelly \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ghanbari et al. (2016)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">14</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">To evaluate the effect of royal jelly as an antioxidant and antidiabetic on histopathological alterations of the testicular tissue in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100mg/kg BW for 6 weeks orally \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The effect of giving royal jelly can cure testicular disorders due to diabetes through the antioxidant content in royal jelly \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Teixeira et al. (2017)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">17</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evaluation of royal jelly in increasing antioxidants by maintaining the glutathione system and reducing corticosterone levels in the nerve tissue of stressed mice \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200mg/kg BW for 14 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">increase antioxidants by rebuilding the glutathione system, reducing lipid peroxidation, and decreasing corticosterone levels by increasing the antioxidant system in the brain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Altay and Alver (2017)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">18</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">To increase antioxidants by rebuilding the glutathione system, reducing lipid peroxidation, and decreasing corticosterone levels by increasing the antioxidant system in the brain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100mg/kg, for 30 days by oral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can increase protein carbonyl (PC) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ghanbari et al. (2016)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">19</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">To evaluate the effects of royal jelly on serum biochemical alterations and oxidative stress status in liver and pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ) rat \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100mg/kg bodyweight for 42 days by oral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can significantly reduce levels of FRAP and CAT as well as high levels of MDA in the liver and pancreas rat \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Shidfar et al. (2015)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">20</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">know the effect of royal jelly in increasing antioxidant capacity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1000mg, 3 times daily for 8 weeks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can increase antioxidant capacity in diabetic patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ghanbari et al. (2018)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The effects of royal jelly on a set of reproductive parameters in immature female rats \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100, 200 and 400mg/kg/body weight daily for 14 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can increase serum levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power and decrease nitric oxide level \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2781761.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "The dose and effect of royal jelly." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Meeting to develop a global consensus on preconception care to reduce maternal and childhood mortality and morbidity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "World Health" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2012" "paginaInicial" => "78" "editorial" => "WHO Headquarters" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Preconceptions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F. 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Abdelnour" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)" "fecha" => "2020" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "11" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New insights into the biological and pharmaceutical properties of royal jelly" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. 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Estadísticas

A. Mustika Fadillah Rizkia, Andi Nilawati Usmana,

Autor para correspondencia

andinilawati@pasca.unhas.ac.id
pmc@agri.unhas.ac.id

Corresponding author.

, Indah Rayab, Aliyahc, Andi Dirpand, Aryadi Arsyada, Fendi Fendie, Andi Sumidartif

a Midwifery Study Program, Gaduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

b Chemistry Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

c Pharmacy Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

d Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

e Research and Community Service, Wuna Agricultural University, Makassar, Indonesia

f Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

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which will cause menstrual disorders&#44; PCOS &#40;Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome&#41;&#44; and infertility&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Oxidative stress is a form of stress that occurs due to the body&#39;s lack of antioxidants and high free radicals that will cause damage to the cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Management of oxidative stress that occurs in preconceived women can be done with non-pharmacological therapy&#44; one of which is royal jelly&#46; Royal jelly is another product of bees produced by thick white bees such as milk secreted from the hypopharyngeal gland and mandibular worker bees as food from the queen bee&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Royal jelly is often referred to as a superfood because it contains complex nutrients&#44; namely fat&#44; water&#44; carbohydrates&#44; protein&#44; amino acids&#44; sugar&#44; iron&#44; calcium&#44; and vitamins&#46; Additionally&#44; royal jelly also contains flavonoids and phenolic acids&#44; which are part of phenolic as an antioxidant&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> The complexity of the nutrition content of royal jelly provides pharmacological effects such as antibacterial&#44; anti-tumor&#44; anti-allergic&#44; and anti-inflammatory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have been conducted in discussing the chemical structure&#44; content&#44; bioactivity&#44; and antioxidant examination of royal jelly&#44; which can be used as scientific information on the benefits of royal jelly&#46; However&#44; the explanation of the benefits of the information of the royal jelly as a non-pharmacological therapy in preconception women who experience stress is still very minimal&#46; Thus&#44; this literature review aims to provide information about the effect and benefit of royal jelly against oxidative stress in preconception women&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In searching journals in this literature review&#44; using online libraries to look for journals relevant to the content and benefits of royal jelly in overcoming the stress on preconception women in this literature&#44; namely PubMed&#44; ContentSciendo&#44; and ScienceDirect&#46; In the search for related articles based on keywords in questions in the study&#46; Search keywords consist of&#59; royal jelly&#44; stress&#44; oxidative stress&#44; preconception&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Result</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The search for articles that have been done by filtering according to research keywords in the last 5 years acquired 25 articles related to the content of royal jelly and oxidative activity&#46; Then do the filtering of the articles again related to the questions in this study so that 6 articles are appropriate&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main content of royal jelly</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#44; royal jelly contains 50&#8211;70&#37; water&#44; 7&#8211;18&#37; carbohydrate&#44; 9&#8211;18&#37; protein&#44; 3&#8211;8&#37; lipids&#44; 1&#46;5&#37; mineral salts&#44; polyphenols&#44; enzymes&#44; hormones&#44; and vitamins&#46; Royal jelly contains bioactive components consisting of peptides&#44; sterols&#44; and fatty acids such as 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic&#44; which effectively reduce ROS &#40;reactive oxygen species&#41; and hydroxyl radicals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antioxidant in royal jelly</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Flavonoid is a form of antioxidant in the royal jelly&#44; divided into flavonoids&#44; flavon&#44; flavonol&#44; and dan isoflavonoid&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The royal jelly contains 23&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GAE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;mg total of phenolics and 1&#46;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;mg of total flavonoid&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Pinobanksin and organic acids and their esters&#44; for example&#44; octanoic acid&#44; 2-hexanoic acid&#44; their esters&#44; dodecanoic acid&#44; and their esters&#44; 1&#44;2-benzene dicarboxylic acid&#44; and benzoic acid are the main phenolic compounds contained in royal jelly&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Royal jelly in dealing with oxidative stress in preconception women</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The antioxidant content of royal jelly can overcome oxidative stress due to high free radicals in preconception women&#46; In some studies&#44; royal jelly provides significant protection against the liver and kidneys by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing glutathione &#40;GSH&#41; as an antioxidant&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Royal jelly also contains a bioactive component in the form of 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic &#40;10-HDA&#41;&#44; which is an anti-inflammatory and can reduce oxidative stress&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Also&#44; royal jelly can increase the growth and development of follicles that secrete estradiol to stimulate the uterus&#44; increase LH &#40;luteinizing hormone&#41; and ovulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Royal jelly contains MRJP 1&#44; which gives a hypercholesterolemia effect that will affect the inhibition of corticosterone synthesis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The six journal articles in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> explained that giving royal jelly as a supplement can have a significant effect in increasing antioxidant levels to reduce oxidative stress that occurs during preconception&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Antioxidants usually inhibit ROS production &#40;reactive oxygen species&#41; and bind to free radicals so that they become reactive&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> The antioxidant effect contained in the royal jelly can maintain the increase in glutathione in the blood&#44; which is the primary antioxidant that functions as a detoxifier and regulates the immune system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Glutathione is produced from cells directly involved in neutralizing ROS free radicals and maintaining reduced vitamin C and E as exogenous antioxidants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> In other studies&#44; administering royal jelly with certain doses can increase antioxidants in the FRAP &#40;ferric reducing antioxidant power&#41; test and reduce nitric oxidase levels&#44; which can reduce ROS increase by decreasing nitric oxidase levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Besides&#44; an antioxidant activity that maintains elevated levels of glutathione in royal jelly can reduce the increase in lipid peroxidation&#44; which is a sign of oxidative stress&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on a journal search&#44; using royal jelly as a supplement to increase antioxidants in the body in overcoming oxidative stress that occurs in preconception women is very effective&#46; Several laboratory tests have been done to state that royal jelly given to animals increases glutathione levels as the main antioxidant in the body and can suppress increased lipid peroxidation&#44; reducing oxidative stress&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-06-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2021-07-30"
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            1 => "Stress"
            2 => "Oxidative stress"
            3 => "Preconception"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Oxidative stress that occurs in preconception women can disrupt the reproductive system to cause infertility&#46; The antioxidants contained in royal jelly can overcome oxidative stress due to low antioxidants in the body&#46; The purpose of this study is to examine studies of the content of royal jelly&#44; antioxidant activity&#44; and the effectiveness of royal jelly in dealing with oxidative stress in preconception women&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This research method is an electronic database search using keywords according to questions in research from the online library PubMed&#44; content science&#44; and Science Direct&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Result</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">a study review conducted in 6 research journals stated that the use of royal jelly as a supplement containing 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic &#40;10-HDA&#41; increases glutathione levels&#44; as well as lipid peroxidation inhibitors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The effectiveness of royal jelly to overcome oxidative stress in preconception women can be assessed from the content of royal jelly and antioxidant activity that can increase the glutathione levels and inhibit increased lipid peroxidation&#44; which is a sign of oxidative stress&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Minerals and vitamins&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;mg&#47;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Potassium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">200&#8211;1000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Magnesium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#8211;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Iron&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#8211;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Zink&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;7&#8211;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Copper&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;33&#8211;1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">B1 &#40;thiamin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">B2 &#40;riboflavin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&#8211;2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">B3 &#40;niacin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;5&#8211;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">B5 &#40;panthothenic acid&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;6&#8211;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">B6 &#40;pyridoxin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">H &#40;BIOTIN&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;15&#8211;0&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Folic acid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;01&#8211;0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Purpose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">The dose of royal jelly&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">The effect of royal jelly&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ghanbari et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">To evaluate the effect of royal jelly as an antioxidant and antidiabetic on histopathological alterations of the testicular tissue in streptozotocin &#40;STZ&#41;-induced diabetic rats&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg BW for 6 weeks orally&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The effect of giving royal jelly can cure testicular disorders due to diabetes through the antioxidant content in royal jelly&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Teixeira et al&#46; &#40;2017&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluation of royal jelly in increasing antioxidants by maintaining the glutathione system and reducing corticosterone levels in the nerve tissue of stressed mice&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg BW for 14 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">increase antioxidants by rebuilding the glutathione system&#44; reducing lipid peroxidation&#44; and decreasing corticosterone levels by increasing the antioxidant system in the brain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Altay and Alver &#40;2017&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">To increase antioxidants by rebuilding the glutathione system&#44; reducing lipid peroxidation&#44; and decreasing corticosterone levels by increasing the antioxidant system in the brain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#44; for 30 days by oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can increase protein carbonyl &#40;PC&#41; and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine &#40;8-OHdG&#41;&#44; catalase &#40;CAT&#41;&#44; and glutathione &#40;GSH&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ghanbari et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">To evaluate the effects of royal jelly on serum biochemical alterations and oxidative stress status in liver and pancreas of streptozotocin &#40;STZ&#41; rat&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg bodyweight for 42 days by oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can significantly reduce levels of FRAP and CAT as well as high levels of MDA in the liver and pancreas rat&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Shidfar et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">know the effect of royal jelly in increasing antioxidant capacity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; 3 times daily for 8 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can increase antioxidant capacity in diabetic patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ghanbari et al&#46; &#40;2018&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">The effects of royal jelly on a set of reproductive parameters in immature female rats&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44; 200 and 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;body weight daily for 14 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Royal jelly can increase serum levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power and decrease nitric oxide level&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Información del artículo

ISSN: 02139111
Idioma original: Inglés

DOI:10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.036

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