Capítulo 2. Políticas de salud pública. Políticas Frente a los riesgos cotidianos
Transporte, medio ambiente y salud. Informe SESPAS 2008
Transport, environment and health
Ferran Ballestera,b,
, Rosanna Peirób,c
Autor para correspondencia
ballester_fer@gva.es
Correspondencia: Ferran Ballester. Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana.
Correspondencia: Ferran Ballester. Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana.
a Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut (EVES), Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
b Centro de, Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Madrid, España
c Centro de Salud Pública de Alzira, DGSP, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
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Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Transport, environment and health" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13637" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Salud" 1 => "Medio ambiente" 2 => "Transporte" 3 => "Accidentes de tráfico" 4 => "Contaminación atmosférica" 5 => "Ruido" 6 => "Cambio climático" 7 => "Políticas públicas" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13638" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Health" 1 => "Environment" 2 => "Transport" 3 => "Traffic injuries" 4 => "Air pollution" 5 => "Noise" 6 => "Climate change" 7 => "Public policies" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El transporte a motor se ha incrementado de manera exponencial en los últimos años. La organización de la sociedad requiere en gran medida la movilidad como un elemento esencial, pero, hasta hace poco tiempo, no se habían considerado las implicaciones para la salud y el medio ambiente de las formas de desplazamiento elegidas. En este capítulo se revisa el impacto negativo en salud que el tipo de transporte actual tiene en términos de lesiones de tráfico, el cambio climático, la contaminación atmosférica, el ruido, y las interferencias para las actividades cotidianas y la actividad física, como la dificultad para andar o ir en bicicleta. Se proponen algunas intervenciones posibles relacionadas con los instrumentos disponibles en salud pública y otras áreas, y se destacan aspectos donde se necesita más investigación. Se describen algunos ejemplos en España y en otros países. Se hacen recomendaciones acerca de la necesidad de reducir el uso del coche privado, desarrollar vías segmentadas y espacios de tráfico tranquilo conectados en las ciudades y entre pueblos cercanos para promocionar el desplazamiento andando o en bicicleta. Se plantea que el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de un sistema de transporte público que sea más rápido, seguro, barato y menos contaminante que el transporte privado debería ser una meta importante en las políticas públicas actuales. Estas acciones ayudarán a conseguir un cambio en los modos de transporte de la sociedad y, consecuentemente, una población más sana y un ambiente más sostenible.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Motor road transport has increased exponentially in the last few years. To a large extent, mobility is an essential element in the organization of society, but, until recently, the implications of chosen forms of transport for health and the environment have not been considered.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this chapter we review the negative impact of current forms of transport on health in terms of traffic injuries, climate change, atmospheric contamination, noise, and interference with daily activities and exercise, such as impediments to walking or cycling. Some possible interventions related to the instruments available in public health and other fields are proposed. Issues deserving further research are highlighted. Some examples in Spain and other countries are described. Recommendations are made on the need to reduce the use of private cars and to develop segmented routes and areas of quiet traffic connected in the cities and among nearby towns to promote walking are cycling. One major goal in current public policies should be to develop and maintain a public transport system that is safe, cheap and faster and less polluting than private transport. These interventions would help to achieve a change in current modes of transport and would lead to a healthier population and a more sustainable environment.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:65 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Perfil Ambiental de España 2005. Informe basado en indicadores [citado 12 May 2007]. 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