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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las variaciones geogr&#225;ficas en la pr&#225;ctica m&#233;dica se han analizado ampliamente&#59; cuando la evidencia sobre la efectividad de las tecnolog&#237;as sanitarias es fuerte&#44; las variaciones son peque&#241;as y probablemente&#44; reflejan diferencias en la necesidad&#59; sin embargo&#44; cuando dominan la incertidumbre o la ignorancia&#44; la decisi&#243;n m&#233;dica es particularmente sensible a la oferta&#46; En este art&#237;culo se argumenta acerca de los factores &#40;incentivos&#41; que influyen en la utilizaci&#243;n hospitalaria en el Sistema Nacional de Salud &#40;SNS&#41; espa&#241;ol&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se compararon las tasas de utilizaci&#243;n del SNS y de Medicare &#40;Sistema de Salud federal estadounidense para personas mayores y discapacitados&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> Las tasas de utilizaci&#243;n espa&#241;olas fueron menores para la mayor parte procedimientos a estudio&#44; aunque en artroplastia de rodilla&#44; de cadera y colecistectom&#237;a fueron similares&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> a diferencia de lo que sucede en Medicare&#44; la oferta de camas totales mostr&#243; poca correlaci&#243;n con las tasas de utilizaci&#243;n&#59; sin embargo&#44; las poblaciones con m&#225;s intervenciones&#44; eran m&#225;s intensivas para todos los procedimientos&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3&#41;</span> los hospitales de &#171;alta tecnolog&#237;a&#187; realizaron menos intervenciones &#171;comunes&#187;&#59; por otra parte&#44; la &#171;cirug&#237;a innovadora &#187; obtuvo tasas cercanas a las de Medicare&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las diferentes &#171;variaciones&#187; en ambos sistemas sanitarios sugieren una diferente estructura en los incentivos&#46; En Espa&#241;a la &#171;fascinaci&#243;n tecnol&#243;gica&#187; es una explicaci&#243;n alternativa al volumen de la oferta e implicar&#237;a un SNS m&#225;s focalizado en la tecnolog&#237;a que en las necesidades de los pacientes&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Geographic variations in medical practice have been widely described and different underlying causes have been proposed&#46; Basically&#44; when evidence about effectiveness is strong variations are lower and&#44; probably&#44; it reflects patient needs differences&#59; nevertheless&#44; when either uncertainty or ignorance about effectiveness dominates&#44; medical decision making is particularly sensitive to supply&#46; In this paper we argue about the factors &#40;incentives&#41; influencing hospital utilization in the Spanish National Health Service &#40;sNHS&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Matherial and method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We have compared both sNHS utilization rates and those in MEDICARE &#40;US Federal Health System for elderly and handicapped population&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> Utilization rates in Spain were lower than in MEDICARE for most of the conditions and procedures under study&#46; However&#44; knee or hip replacement and cholecystectomy rates were similar&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> unlike what happened in MEDICARE&#44; supply&#44; as total beds per 1&#44;000 inhabitants&#44; showed either negative or no correlation with utilization rates&#59; however&#44; those populations which get more interventions get more of whatever the surgery performed&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3&#41;</span> High tech hospitals&#44; in terms of tertiary and teaching hospitals&#44; perform less &#171;common&#187; interventions&#59; on the other hand&#44; &#171;innovative surgery&#187; utilization rates were closed to those in MEDICARE&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Differences between both Health Care Systems suggest a different structure of incentives working under variations&#46; Here in Spain&#44; instead of supply&#44; &#171;high tech fascination &#187; is becoming the alternative explanation&#46; If true&#44; &#171;technology fascination&#187; hypothesis entails a model of National Health Service focused on technology instead of patient needs&#46;</p>"
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Parte III. Recursos asistenciales y utilización
¿A qué incentivos responde la utilización hospitalaria en el Sistema Nacional de Salud?
What incentives foster hospital use in the National Health Service?
Salvador Peiróa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
peiro_bor@gva.es

Correspondencia: Salvador Peiró. Escuela Valenciana de Estudios de la Salud. Juan de Garay, 21. 46017 Valencia. España.
, Enrique Bernal-Delgadoc
a Escuela Valenciana de Estudios de la Salud. Valencia. España
b Red sobre Investigación en Resultados de Salud y Servicios Sanitarios. Valencia. España
c Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. Zaragoza. España
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Geographic variations in medical practice have been widely described and different underlying causes have been proposed&#46; Basically&#44; when evidence about effectiveness is strong variations are lower and&#44; probably&#44; it reflects patient needs differences&#59; nevertheless&#44; when either uncertainty or ignorance about effectiveness dominates&#44; medical decision making is particularly sensitive to supply&#46; In this paper we argue about the factors &#40;incentives&#41; influencing hospital utilization in the Spanish National Health Service &#40;sNHS&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Matherial and method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We have compared both sNHS utilization rates and those in MEDICARE &#40;US Federal Health System for elderly and handicapped population&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> Utilization rates in Spain were lower than in MEDICARE for most of the conditions and procedures under study&#46; However&#44; knee or hip replacement and cholecystectomy rates were similar&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> unlike what happened in MEDICARE&#44; supply&#44; as total beds per 1&#44;000 inhabitants&#44; showed either negative or no correlation with utilization rates&#59; however&#44; those populations which get more interventions get more of whatever the surgery performed&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3&#41;</span> High tech hospitals&#44; in terms of tertiary and teaching hospitals&#44; perform less &#171;common&#187; interventions&#59; on the other hand&#44; &#171;innovative surgery&#187; utilization rates were closed to those in MEDICARE&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Differences between both Health Care Systems suggest a different structure of incentives working under variations&#46; Here in Spain&#44; instead of supply&#44; &#171;high tech fascination &#187; is becoming the alternative explanation&#46; If true&#44; &#171;technology fascination&#187; hypothesis entails a model of National Health Service focused on technology instead of patient needs&#46;</p>"
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