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Parte II. Estilos de vida
Evaluación de políticas regulatorias: prevención de las lesiones por accidentes de tráfico
Evaluation of regulatory policies: the prevention of traffic accidents in Spain
Joan R. Villalbí
Autor para correspondencia
jrvillal@aspb.es

Correspondencia: Joan R. Villalbí. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Pl. Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona. España.
, Catherine Pérez
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las lesiones por accidentes de veh&#237;culos de motor pueden reducirse con la adopci&#243;n de determinadas pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas&#46; Se revisan las aportaciones de una pol&#237;tica regulatoria que desborda al sector sanitario evaluando el caso de las lesiones por accidentes de tr&#225;fico&#46; &#201;ste ha sido objeto ya de estudios de profesionales de la salud p&#250;blica y de otros sectores en Espa&#241;a&#44; pero no hemos encontrado una revisi&#243;n integral que incluya la valoraci&#243;n de aspectos regulatorios&#46; Se analizan las v&#237;ctimas mortales de los accidentes de tr&#225;fico tal como las contabiliza la Direcci&#243;n General de Tr&#225;fico&#44; estratificando el an&#225;lisis entre peatones&#44; ocupantes de veh&#237;culos de dos ruedas&#44; y ocupantes de otros veh&#237;culos&#44; y distinguiendo entre accidentes en carretera y en v&#237;as urbanas&#46; Pese al incremento de los factores de exposici&#243;n entre 1970 y 2003&#44; se aprecia un fuerte efecto de las pol&#237;ticas regulatorias dirigidas al tr&#225;fico en la mortalidad por accidentes&#46; Se sugiere un impacto favorable de las regulaciones y las acciones para hacerlas cumplir sobre el casco para motoristas&#44; los l&#237;mites de velocidad y el control del consumo de alcohol&#44; y no tanto respecto de los cinturones de seguridad&#44; probablemente por que la exigencia efectiva de su uso se produjo de forma m&#225;s escalonada&#46; Parece que la adopci&#243;n de planes integrales o de paquetes legislativos complejos tuvo un efecto favorable&#44; quiz&#225; estimulando el cumplimiento efectivo de regulaciones ya existentes&#46; Aunque se pone de manifiesto que la existencia de normas legales no es suficiente por s&#237; misma&#44; pues si no se hacen cumplir su efecto es m&#237;nimo&#44; tambi&#233;n se documenta c&#243;mo el cumplimiento se refuerza con el tiempo&#46; En cualquier caso&#44; se puede apreciar c&#243;mo la existencia de iniciativas concretas para influir en este terreno es importante para obtener los mejores frutos en salud p&#250;blica de las pol&#237;ticas regulatorias&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Traffic accident injuries may be reduced with public policies&#46; We review regulatory policies extending beyond the health sector by studying the case of traffic accident injuries&#46; They have been the object of other analyses in Spain by both health professionals and professionals from other sectors&#44; but we have not found a previous thorough review including regulatory aspects&#46; We analyze the evolution of fatal victims of traffic accidents as collected by the Direcci&#243;n General de Tr&#225;fico&#44; stratifying for pedestrians&#44; two-wheel vehicle occupants and occupants of other vehicles&#44; and breaking down accidents between those occurring in roads and in urban settings&#46; Despite the increase in exposure factors between 1970 and 2003&#44; we observe a strong impact of regulatory policies in accident mortality&#46; A favorable impact is seen for regulations and enforcement actions on motorcycle helmets&#44; speed limits and the control of alcohol use&#44; and a lower impact for safety belts&#44; perhaps because its actual effective implementation was not equally sharp&#46; The adoption of comprehensive plans or complex legislation packages seems to have had a positive impact&#44; perhaps attributable to its triggering of more effective enforcement of already existing regulations&#46; Although the existence of legal norms is not enough in itself&#44; as its impact is low without active enforcement&#44; compliance improves over time&#46; In any case&#44; the existence of specific initiatives to influence this field is important to obtain the best results of regulatory policies in public health&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:16 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rapid appraisal methodology for &#171;health for all&#187; policy formulation analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Peir&#243;"
                            1 => "C&#46; Alvarez-Dardet"
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                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Policy"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "309"
                        "paginaFinal" => "328"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12385853"
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                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of speed cameras in preventing road traffic collisions and related casualties&#58; systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Pilkington"
                            1 => "S&#46; Kinra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.38324.646574.AE"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
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                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La seguridad vial&#58; un programa en marcha"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Altozano-Moraleda"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
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                      ]
                    ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevenci&#243;n de los accidents de tr&#225;fico desde el sector sanitario"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Robledo de Dios"
                            1 => "E&#46; Gil L&#243;pez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Seguridad vial y medicina de tr&#225;fico"
                        "paginaInicial" => "309"
                        "paginaFinal" => "322"
                        "serieFecha" => "1997"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.guardiacivil.org/prensa/actividades/cinturon/index.jsp%23estadisticas">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;guardiacivil&#46;org&#47;prensa&#47;actividades&#47;cinturon&#47;index&#46;jsp&#35;estadisticas</a>"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Segona fase de l&#8217;estudi sobre l&#8217;&#250;s dels sistemes de retenci&#243; infantil &#40;SRI&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Servei Catal&#224; de Tr&#224;nsit"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "editorial" => "Generalitat de Catalunya"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of a helmet law on two wheel motor vehicle crash mortality in a southern European urban area"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Ferrando"
                            1 => "A&#46; Plasencia"
                            2 => "M&#46; Or&#243;s"
                            3 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            4 => "J&#46;F&#46; Kraus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Injury Prevention"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "184"
                        "paginaFinal" => "188"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11003182"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of a helmet law on two wheel motor vehicle crash mortality in a southern European urban area"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Ferrando"
                            1 => "A&#46; Plasencia"
                            2 => "M&#46; Or&#243;s"
                            3 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            4 => "J&#46;F&#46; Kraus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Injury Prevention"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "184"
                        "paginaFinal" => "188"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11003182"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects on road safety of new urban arterial roads"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;H&#46; Amundsen"
                            1 => "R&#46; Elvik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Accid Anal Prev"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14572833"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trauma care systems in Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "E&#46; Queipo de Llano"
                            1 => "A&#46; Mantero Ruiz"
                            2 => "P&#46; S&#225;nchez Vicioso"
                            3 => "A&#46; Bosc&#224; Crespo"
                            4 => "J&#46;L&#46; Carpintero Avellaneda"
                            5 => "M&#46;V&#46; De la Torre Prado"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Injury"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "709"
                        "paginaFinal" => "719"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12951298"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.seguridadvial.org/portada/seguridad_transporte_03/Inf_RACE_Seguridad_trans_03.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;seguridadvial&#46;org&#47;portada&#47;seguridad&#95;transporte&#95;03&#47;Inf&#95;RACE&#95;Seguridad&#95;trans&#95;03&#46;pdf</a>"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La mortalidad por accidents en Espa&#241;a&#58; contraste de diversas series estad&#237;sticas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "N&#46; Espin&#243;s"
                            1 => "E&#46; Dur&#225;n"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Villalb&#237;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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            ]
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Efecto de la edad&#44; el sexo y la experiencia de los conductores de 18 a 24 a&#241;os sobre el riesgo de provocar colisiones entre turismos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Jim&#233;nez-Mole&#243;n"
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                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Association of main driver-dependent risk factors with the risk of causing a vehicle collision in Spain&#44; 1990-1999"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Lardelli-Claret"
                            1 => "J&#46;D&#46; de Luna-del-Castillo"
                            2 => "J&#46;J&#46; Jimenez-Moleon"
                            3 => "T&#46; Rueda-Dominguez"
                            4 => "M&#46; Garcia-Martin"
                            5 => "P&#46; Femia-Marzo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12932626"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Garc&#237;a-Ferrer A&#44; De Juan A&#44; Poncela P&#46; The relationship between traffic accidents and real economic activity in Spain&#58; common cycles and health issues&#46; Departamento de An&#225;lisis Econ&#243;mico&#46; Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Madrid&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.uam.es/personal_pdi/economicas/arantxa/health.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;uam&#46;es&#47;personal&#95;pdi&#47;economicas&#47;arantxa&#47;health&#46;pdf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n de la mortalidad por accidentes de tr&#225;fico en Espa&#241;a&#44; 1962-1994"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Redondo Calderon"
                            1 => "J&#46;D&#46; Luna Del Castillo"
                            2 => "J&#46;J&#46; Jimenez Moleon"
                            3 => "P&#46; Lardelli Claret"
                            4 => "R&#46; Galvez Vargas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "15"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11459556"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
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        ]
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ISSN: 02139111
Idioma original: Español
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