Parte II. Estilos de vida
El estrés en una sociedad instalada en el cambio
(Stress in a changing society)
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Barcelona. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Red temática de investigación de salud y género. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Red de centros de epidemiología y salud pública. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Escola Valenciana d’Estudis per a la Salut (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana. Valencia. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Lucía Artazcoz. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Pl. Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "(Stress in a changing society)" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13919" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Estrés" 1 => "Salud laboral" 2 => "Género" 3 => "Características familiares" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13920" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Stress" 1 => "Occupational health" 2 => "Gender" 3 => "Family characteristics" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio es describir los modelos explicativos del estrés laboral y algunos estresores del ámbito extralaboral, su influencia en la salud y su magnitud en España. Las fuentes de información utilizadas son publicaciones científicas, informes y estadísticas oficiales, fundamentalmente de la última década. Además se aportan datos originales procedentes del análisis de la V Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones del Trabajo (ENCT).</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el ámbito laboral el análisis del estrés se basa en dos modelos complementarios, el basado en las exigencias psicológicas, el control y el apoyo social (modelo de Karasek) y el centrado en el equilibrio entre el esfuerzo y la recompensa (modelo de Siegrist). En España, el 15% de los varones y el 22% de las mujeres han tenido en los últimos 3 meses una cantidad de trabajo excesiva que les ha hecho sentirse agobiados. La cuarta parte de la población ocupada tiene poca autonomía y el 48% de los varones y el 32% de las mujeres trabajan en ocupaciones que no requieren ningún tipo de conocimiento especial, sólo práctica en el puesto. Además, España es el país de la Unión Europea de los 15 con más paro e inestabilidad laboral.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La incorporación de la mujer al mercado de trabajo se traduce en dificultades para la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar. Además el trabajo remunerado proporciona poder y autonomía económica y hace viable para la mujer la separación y el divorcio, que han aumentado de forma significativa en los últimos años, y se incrementa así la proporción de hogares monoparentales (el 89% de los responsables son mujeres), situación a menudo difícil y generadora de estrés.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La respuesta a los problemas relacionados con el estrés derivados de la globalización, la terciarización de la economía y otros cambios sociales es insuficiente, bien porque los profesionales sanitarios ignoran las causas del estrés y medican las consecuencias o bien porque desde otros sectores no se tienen en cuenta las consecuencias en salud de las nuevas tendencias sociales y económicas.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study is to describe the job stress models and non-work stressors, their influence on health and magnitude in Spain. Data come from scientific publications, reports and official statistics, primarily of the last decade. Moreover, original data are provided from the analysis of the 5th Spanish Working Conditions Survey.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Job stress analysis is based on two complementary models, that based on psychological demands, control and social support (Karasek's model) and another based on the effort-reward unbalance (Siegrist's model). In Spain 15% of men and 22% of women have had an excessive workload that have made them feel tired in the last three months. A quarter of workers have low autonomy and 48% of men and 32% of women work in occupations that do not require special abilities, just experience. Moreover, Spain has the highest unemployment and temporary contracts rates in the 15-European Union.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The entrance of women into the labour market implies difficulties in reconciling job and family life. Moreover, paid work provides women with power and economic autonomy, therefore making possible the divorce that has significantly increased in Spain as well as the lonely parents families, these being difficult and stressing situations. Additionally the higher economic autonomy and power among women is considered as one of the causes of the gender violence as well.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Response to stress-related problems derived from the globalisation, the increasing importance of the tertiary sector and other social changes is insufficient either because health professionals ignore the causes of the problem and treat pharmacologically the consequences or because health consequences of these new social and economic tendencies are not taken into account in other sectors.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:36 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The evolution of the stress concept" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H. 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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02139111Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1157/13086029
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