Artículo especial
Epidemiología de campo y epidemiología social
(Field epidemiology and social epidemiology)
Javier Segura Del Pozo
Autor para correspondencia
j.segura@circulonet.com
Correspondencia: Javier Segura del Pozo. Violeta, 63. 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid. España.
Correspondencia: Javier Segura del Pozo. Violeta, 63. 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid. España.
Servicio de Análisis e Intervención en Salud Pública, Dirección General de Salud Pública y Alimentación, Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo, Comunidad de Madrid, España
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"tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "149" "paginaFinal" => "152" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Differences between public and private hospital care in Spain: the realities of health care or a numerical fallacy?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Rosa Gispert, Josep M. Giné" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rosa" "apellidos" => "Gispert" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Josep M." 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Violeta, 63. 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "(Field epidemiology and social epidemiology)" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-04-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-10-16" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec14054" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Epidemiología" 1 => "Filosofía de la ciencia" 2 => "Ciencias sociales" 3 => "Formación" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec14053" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Epidemiology" 1 => "Philosophy of science" 2 => "Social science" 3 => "Training" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mediante la comparación de la epidemiología de campo y la epidemiología social, se pretende reflexionar sobre los imaginarios no explícitos que operan en ambos ámbitos, necesariamente convergentes, sobre los obstáculos de la práctica epidemiológica actual para alcanzar su función social y sobre la necesidad de cambiar las bases epistemológicas, metodológicas y prácticas que operan en la epidemiología, empezando por la formación del epidemiólogo de campo.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La epidemiología de campo tiende a la acción sin marco teórico. La epidemiología social, por el contrario, tiende a los desarrollos teóricos (reflexión e investigación sobre los determinantes sociales) alejados de la acción, debido a los limitantes para cambiar las políticas públicas. Otras diferencias se sitúan en el nivel de intervención (micro/macroespacios), el objeto de intervención (control del brote frente a control de las desigualdades) y en la forma de articular la comunicación con la sociedad. Se asemejan en la preocupación por el método, la predominancia de una orientación positivista y condicionada por la estadística, aunque en proceso de cierta apertura epistemológica, la tensión experimentada entre relacionarse con un mundo virtual de bases de datos o con la sociedad real, su situación en la periferia del sistema político-social-institucional-profesional y por estar abocadas a la frustración profesional.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente, se formulan 10 interrogantes a los epidemiólogos de campo sobre su práctica actual, a través de los cuales se podría evaluar si están realizando una epidemiología social, y se sugieren cambios para introducir en la formación y práctica del epidemiólogo.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparing field epidemiology and social epidemiology, we pretend to think about the no explicit images and meanings operating in both necessary convergent fields, about the obstacles present in epidemiological practice to fulfil its social function and about the necessity of changing epistemological, methodological and practice grounds, beginning with field epidemiologists teaching programmes.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Field epidemiology would tend to act in an absent theoretical frame. On the other hand, social epidemiology would tend to prioritize theoretical developments (thinking and research about social determinants) without correspondent action, because of the limits to change public policies. Other differences are found at intervention level (micro-macrospace), its aim (outbreak control vs. inequalities control) and the way to communicate with society. They are similar in the methodological concern, the predominance of orientation based on positivism and framed through statistic methods, but in process of epistemological opening, the stress experienced between the alternative relationship to a virtual world of data bases or to the real society, their peripherical situation in relation of the political, social, institutional and professional system and the tendency to professional frustration.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Finally, we ask ten questions to the field epidemiologists related with their present practice, in order to consider if they are developing social epidemiology, and propose some changes in epidemiologist teaching and practice.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:35 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "La institución imaginaria de la sociedad" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C. 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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02139111Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1157/13087328
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