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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar el impacto de los riesgos competitivos sobre el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y sus consecuencias en los estudios de casos y controles sobre la relaci&#243;n genenfermedades de comienzo tard&#237;o&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A partir de una poblaci&#243;n que&#44; respecto de un determinado gen&#44; se encuentre en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg al nacer&#44; se deduce la composici&#243;n gen&#233;tica cuando el gen est&#225; asociado con una enfermedad letal de aparici&#243;n precoz&#44; y sus consecuencias sobre una enfermedad de comienzo tard&#237;o&#46; Cuando se realiza un estudio de casos y controles con muestreo por densidad se obtiene una estimaci&#243;n no sesgada de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span>&#44; a pesar de que los controles no est&#233;n en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se presenta un ejemplo en el que el gen mutante se asocia con una mayor mortalidad precoz al romper el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y da lugar a que en un estudio realizado en edades m&#225;s avanzadas los controles se encuentren en desequilibrio&#44; con una <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> de 1&#44;61&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque las principales causas de desequilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg en los controles son un sesgo de selecci&#243;n o un error de genotipificaci&#243;n&#44; un riesgo competitivo de muerte asociado con el gen mutante puede ocasionar que la muestra de controles est&#233; en desequilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the impact of competing risks on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and their consequences in case-control studies of gene-late onset disease association&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Based on a population born in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a particular gene&#44; the genetic composition when the gene is associated with a lethal early-onset disease and its consequences on a late-onset disease can be deduced&#46; Odds ratios estimates are unbiased in case-control studies when controls are sampled by density&#44; even if the controls are in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An example in which a mutant gene is associated with early mortality is presented&#44; producing a departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium&#59; as a result&#44; controls in later ages are in disequilibrium&#44; producing an odds ratio equal to 1&#46;61&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although the main causes of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in controls are selection bias or genotyping error&#44; a competing risk of death associated with the mutant gene would also result in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium among controls&#46;</p>"
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