Originales
Desgaste profesional en el personal sanitario y su relación con los factores personales y ambientales
Burnout syndrome in health workers and relationship with personal and environmental factors
Armand Graua,
, Rosa Suñerb, María M. Garcíac, en nombre del Grupo de Estudio del Síndrome de Desgaste Profesional en los Hospitales de Girona
Autor para correspondencia
grauma@comg.es
Correspondencia: Armand Grau. Unidad de Calidad, Formación e Investigación. Hospital de Figueres. Rector Aroles, s/n. 17600 Figueres (Girona). España.
Correspondencia: Armand Grau. Unidad de Calidad, Formación e Investigación. Hospital de Figueres. Rector Aroles, s/n. 17600 Figueres (Girona). España.
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García" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Armand" "apellidos" => "Grau" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "grauma@comg.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rosa" "apellidos" => "Suñer" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "María M." "apellidos" => "García" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 3 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "en nombre del Grupo de Estudio del Síndrome de Desgaste Profesional en los Hospitales de Girona" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Calidad, Formación e Investigación. Hospital de Figueres. Figueres. Girona. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta. Girona. EUE. Universidad de Girona. Girona. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Bioestadística. Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta de Girona. Girona. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Armand Grau. Unidad de Calidad, Formación e Investigación. Hospital de Figueres. Rector Aroles, s/n. 17600 Figueres (Girona). España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Burnout syndrome in health workers and relationship with personal and environmental factors" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-11-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-06-08" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec16865" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Desgaste profesional" 1 => "Satisfacción en el trabajo" 2 => "Personal sanitario" 3 => "Hospitales" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec16864" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Professional burnout" 1 => "Job satisfaction" 2 => "Health personnel" 3 => "Hospitals" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre los profesionales sanitarios se han hallado altos índices de desgaste profesional. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la prevalencia del síndrome de desgaste profesional en los trabajadores sanitarios hospitalarios, y valorar su relación con los factores personales y ambientales.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 2.290 trabajadores sanitarios de 5 hospitales de Girona fueron invitados a participar. Se les administró un cuestionario de elaboración propia, una encuesta del clima organizacional, y el Maslach Burnout Inventory, que incluye tres dimensiones: cansancio emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Contestaron la encuesta 1.095 trabajadores (con un 47,8% de participación). Un 41,6% presentó un alto nivel de cansancio emocional, sobre todo los médicos y el personal de enfermería; un 23% tuvo un alto nivel de despersonalización, sobre todo los médicos, y un 27,9% tuvo una baja realización personal, en especial los técnicos y los médicos.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mediante un análisis de regresión logística múltiple, se asoció un alto nivel de cansancio emocional al consumo de tranquilizantes o antidepresivos con asiduidad, mientras que el optimismo y la satisfacción profesional mostraron una asociación inversa. Los años de profesión, el optimismo, valorar como útil el trabajo y percibir que se es valorado por los demás se asociaron inversamente con un alto nivel de despersonalización. La baja realización personal se asoció inversamente con el optimismo, la valoración de la utilidad del trabajo y el equipo de trabajo.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A partir de los resultados obtenidos, recomendamos mejorar el clima organizacional y potenciar el optimismo y la autoestima individual, para disminuir el desgaste profesional en los hospitales.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">High rates of professional burnout syndrome have been found among health service professionals. Our objective was to study the prevalence of burnout syndrome in hospital health workers and to determine its relationship with personal and environmental factors.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 2290 health workers from five hospitals in the province of Girona (Spain) were invited to participate. Interviewees were given a specifically designed questionnaire, a questionnaire on organizational climate, and the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which includes three scales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Responses were received from 1095 health workers (a response rate of 47.8%). A high level of emotional exhaustion was found in 41.6% of staff members, especially among doctors and nurses; a high level of depersonalization was found in 23%, mainly among doctors, and reduced personal accomplishment was found in 27.9%, mainly among technicians and doctors. Multiple logistic regression revealed that a high level of emotional exhaustion was associated with frequent consumption of tranquilizers or antidepressants, whereas optimism and job satisfaction showed an inverse association. The variables that were inversely associated with a high level of depersonalization were the number of years in the profession, optimism, evaluation of work as being useful and the perception of being valued by others. Reduced personal accomplishment was also inversely associated with optimism, satisfaction with the usefulness of one's work, and satisfaction with teamwork.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In view of the results obtained, to reduce professional burnout in hospitals, optimism and a sense of selfworth among individuals should be encouraged and the organizational environment should be improved.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:37 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Staff Burn-out" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H.G. 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