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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar las pr&#225;cticas de riesgo de inyecci&#243;n de drogas&#44; en especial compartir indirectamente material de inyecci&#243;n &#40;CIMI&#41;&#44; y de las conductas sexuales de riesgo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal&#46; Entrevista cara a cara de 1&#46;638 usuarios de programas de intercambio de jeringas &#40;PIJ&#41;&#46; Se investigaron varias formas de CIMI &#40;coger droga diluida en una jeringa usada ajena&#44; meter la aguja en el recipiente donde se introdujeron otras usadas y reutilizar el l&#237;quido de limpieza de otros&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 16&#37; en Galicia&#44; el 4&#44;7&#37; en Madrid&#44; el 17&#44;6&#37; en Sevilla y el 13&#44;2&#37; en Valencia se inyect&#243; con jeringas usadas ajenas &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Con variaciones geogr&#225;ficas&#44; la pr&#225;ctica de alguna forma de CIMI &#40;Galicia&#44; 32&#44;4&#37;&#59; Madrid&#44; 28&#44;5&#37;&#59; Sevilla&#44; 42&#44;6&#37;&#59; Valencia&#44; 27&#44;4&#37;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; super&#243; en cada &#225;rea a la de inyectarse con jeringas usadas ajenas&#46; El 21&#44;7&#59; el 25&#44;3&#59; el 28&#44;2&#44; y el 18&#44;1&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#44; no se inyect&#243; con jeringas usadas ajenas&#44; pero realiz&#243; alguna forma de CIMI&#46; El porcentaje que mantuvo relaciones sexuales desprotegidas con una pareja ocasional fue en todos los lugares &#40;36&#44;6&#59; 40&#44;9&#59; 37&#44;9 y 23&#44;9&#37;&#59; p &#61; NS&#41; muy inferior al que las mantuvo con la pareja estable &#40;68&#44;6&#59; 72&#44;0&#59; 77&#44;8 y 72&#44;8&#37;&#59; p &#61; NS&#41;&#46; El 81&#44;3&#37; de los inyectores con pareja estable en Galicia&#44; el 75&#44;9&#37; en Madrid&#44; el 86&#44;1&#37; en Sevilla y el 79&#44;7&#37; en Valencia informaron que el estado serol&#243;gico de su pareja era negativo o lo desconoc&#237;a &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de CIMI es mayor que la de inyecci&#243;n con jeringas usadas&#46; Para un porcentaje relevante&#44; las &#250;nicas conductas de riesgo de inyecci&#243;n son las pr&#225;cticas de CIMI&#46; &#201;stas y el escaso uso del preservativo&#44; especialmente con la pareja estable&#44; pueden estar contribuyendo a la extensi&#243;n del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y al virus de las hepatitis C o B&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study drug-injecting practices&#44; particularly indirect sharing of injecting paraphernalia &#40;ISIP&#41;&#44; and sexual risk behavior&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a cross-sectional study of 1638 users of needle exchange programs &#40;NEPs&#41;&#46; Different types of ISIP were studied&#58; taking diluted drugs in a syringe used by others&#44; placing the needle in a recipient with other used needles&#44; and reusing cleaning liquid previously used by others&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of injecting with syringes already used by others was 16&#37; in Galicia&#44; 4&#46;7&#37; in Madrid&#44; 17&#46;6&#37; in Seville and 13&#46;2&#37; in Valencia &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46; With geographical variations&#44; other types of ISIP &#40;Galicia&#58; 32&#46;4&#37;&#59; Madrid&#58; 28&#46;5&#37;&#59; Seville&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#59; Valencia&#58; 27&#46;4&#37; &#8211;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#8211;&#41; were more frequent than injecting with syringes already used by others &#40;Galicia&#58; 32&#46;4&#37;&#59; Madrid&#58; 28&#46;5&#37;&#59; Seville&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#59; Valencia&#58; 27&#46;4&#37; &#8211;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#8211;&#41;&#46; The percentage not injecting with syringes used by others but performing ISIP was 21&#46;7&#37;&#44; 25&#46;3&#37;&#44; 28&#46;2&#37; and 18&#46;1&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;01&#41; respectively&#46; In all geographical areas&#44; sexual risk practices were more prevalent with steady sex partners &#40;68&#46;6&#37;&#44; 72&#46;0&#37;&#44; 77&#46;8&#37;&#44; 72&#46;8&#37; &#91;NS&#93;&#41; than with casual partners &#40;36&#46;6&#37;&#44; 40&#46;9&#37;&#44; 37&#46;9&#37;&#44; 23&#46;9&#37; &#91;NS&#93;&#41;&#46; Among injectors with a stable partner&#44; 81&#46;3&#37; in Galicia&#44; 75&#46;9&#37; in Madrid&#44; 86&#46;1&#37; in Seville and 79&#46;7&#37; in Valencia reported that his&#47;her serological status was negative for HIV or was unknown &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ISIP is more prevalent than injection with syringes already used by others&#46; For a substantial percentage of injectors&#44; ISIP is the only risk practice&#46; ISIP and the low use of condoms&#44; particularly with steady partners&#44; could be a contributory factor to the spread of HIV&#44; hepatitis C virus&#44; and hepatitis B virus infection&#46;</p>"
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Prevalencia de Prácticas Indirectas de Compartir Material para Inyectarse Drogas en Galicia, Madrid, Sevilla y Valencia
Prevalence of indirect sharing of drug-injecting paraphernalia in Galicia, Madrid, Seville and Valencia [Spain]
María J. Bravoa,
Autor para correspondencia
maria.bravo@comcast.net
bravomar@telefonica.net

Correspondencia:María José Bravo Portela. Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre Sida. Bravo Murillo, 4. 28071 Madrid. España.
, Luis Royuelab, Gregorio Barriob, María A. Rodríguez-Arenasc, Luis de la Fuented, el Grupo de trabajo de Médicos del Mundo para el control de la infección por VIH y las prácticas de riesgo en inyectores de drogas *
a Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre Sida. Madrid
b Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. Madrid
c Médicos del Mundo. Madrid
d Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre Sida. Madrid. España
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar las pr&#225;cticas de riesgo de inyecci&#243;n de drogas&#44; en especial compartir indirectamente material de inyecci&#243;n &#40;CIMI&#41;&#44; y de las conductas sexuales de riesgo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal&#46; Entrevista cara a cara de 1&#46;638 usuarios de programas de intercambio de jeringas &#40;PIJ&#41;&#46; Se investigaron varias formas de CIMI &#40;coger droga diluida en una jeringa usada ajena&#44; meter la aguja en el recipiente donde se introdujeron otras usadas y reutilizar el l&#237;quido de limpieza de otros&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 16&#37; en Galicia&#44; el 4&#44;7&#37; en Madrid&#44; el 17&#44;6&#37; en Sevilla y el 13&#44;2&#37; en Valencia se inyect&#243; con jeringas usadas ajenas &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Con variaciones geogr&#225;ficas&#44; la pr&#225;ctica de alguna forma de CIMI &#40;Galicia&#44; 32&#44;4&#37;&#59; Madrid&#44; 28&#44;5&#37;&#59; Sevilla&#44; 42&#44;6&#37;&#59; Valencia&#44; 27&#44;4&#37;&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; super&#243; en cada &#225;rea a la de inyectarse con jeringas usadas ajenas&#46; El 21&#44;7&#59; el 25&#44;3&#59; el 28&#44;2&#44; y el 18&#44;1&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#44; no se inyect&#243; con jeringas usadas ajenas&#44; pero realiz&#243; alguna forma de CIMI&#46; El porcentaje que mantuvo relaciones sexuales desprotegidas con una pareja ocasional fue en todos los lugares &#40;36&#44;6&#59; 40&#44;9&#59; 37&#44;9 y 23&#44;9&#37;&#59; p &#61; NS&#41; muy inferior al que las mantuvo con la pareja estable &#40;68&#44;6&#59; 72&#44;0&#59; 77&#44;8 y 72&#44;8&#37;&#59; p &#61; NS&#41;&#46; El 81&#44;3&#37; de los inyectores con pareja estable en Galicia&#44; el 75&#44;9&#37; en Madrid&#44; el 86&#44;1&#37; en Sevilla y el 79&#44;7&#37; en Valencia informaron que el estado serol&#243;gico de su pareja era negativo o lo desconoc&#237;a &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de CIMI es mayor que la de inyecci&#243;n con jeringas usadas&#46; Para un porcentaje relevante&#44; las &#250;nicas conductas de riesgo de inyecci&#243;n son las pr&#225;cticas de CIMI&#46; &#201;stas y el escaso uso del preservativo&#44; especialmente con la pareja estable&#44; pueden estar contribuyendo a la extensi&#243;n del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y al virus de las hepatitis C o B&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study drug-injecting practices&#44; particularly indirect sharing of injecting paraphernalia &#40;ISIP&#41;&#44; and sexual risk behavior&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a cross-sectional study of 1638 users of needle exchange programs &#40;NEPs&#41;&#46; Different types of ISIP were studied&#58; taking diluted drugs in a syringe used by others&#44; placing the needle in a recipient with other used needles&#44; and reusing cleaning liquid previously used by others&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of injecting with syringes already used by others was 16&#37; in Galicia&#44; 4&#46;7&#37; in Madrid&#44; 17&#46;6&#37; in Seville and 13&#46;2&#37; in Valencia &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46; With geographical variations&#44; other types of ISIP &#40;Galicia&#58; 32&#46;4&#37;&#59; Madrid&#58; 28&#46;5&#37;&#59; Seville&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#59; Valencia&#58; 27&#46;4&#37; &#8211;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#8211;&#41; were more frequent than injecting with syringes already used by others &#40;Galicia&#58; 32&#46;4&#37;&#59; Madrid&#58; 28&#46;5&#37;&#59; Seville&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#59; Valencia&#58; 27&#46;4&#37; &#8211;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#8211;&#41;&#46; The percentage not injecting with syringes used by others but performing ISIP was 21&#46;7&#37;&#44; 25&#46;3&#37;&#44; 28&#46;2&#37; and 18&#46;1&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;01&#41; respectively&#46; In all geographical areas&#44; sexual risk practices were more prevalent with steady sex partners &#40;68&#46;6&#37;&#44; 72&#46;0&#37;&#44; 77&#46;8&#37;&#44; 72&#46;8&#37; &#91;NS&#93;&#41; than with casual partners &#40;36&#46;6&#37;&#44; 40&#46;9&#37;&#44; 37&#46;9&#37;&#44; 23&#46;9&#37; &#91;NS&#93;&#41;&#46; Among injectors with a stable partner&#44; 81&#46;3&#37; in Galicia&#44; 75&#46;9&#37; in Madrid&#44; 86&#46;1&#37; in Seville and 79&#46;7&#37; in Valencia reported that his&#47;her serological status was negative for HIV or was unknown &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ISIP is more prevalent than injection with syringes already used by others&#46; For a substantial percentage of injectors&#44; ISIP is the only risk practice&#46; ISIP and the low use of condoms&#44; particularly with steady partners&#44; could be a contributory factor to the spread of HIV&#44; hepatitis C virus&#44; and hepatitis B virus infection&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Dise&#241;o y trabajo de campo financiado por FIS 98&#47;1197&#44; y an&#225;lisis y escritura de original por FIPSE 3035&#47;91&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Grupo de Trabajo de M&#233;dicos del Mundo&#58; Galicia&#58; M&#243;nica Mu&#237;&#241;os y Ver&#243;nica Garc&#237;a-Boente&#46; Madrid&#58; Marisol Mart&#237;nez y Silvia Zamorano&#46; Sevilla&#58; Valent&#237;n M&#225;rquez y Juan Antonio D&#237;az&#46; Valencia&#58; Patricia Olascoaga y Margarita S&#225;nchez&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliogr&#237;fia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [
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                          "etal" => false
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Ramos-Rinc&#243;n"
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            ]
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                          "etal" => true
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                          "etal" => false
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                            2 => "U&#46; Bienzle"
                            3 => "I&#46; Guggenmoos-Holzmann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                  ]
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Bravo"
                            1 => "G&#46; Barrio"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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