Desigualdades en la salud mental de la población ocupada
Inequalities in mental health in the working population
Immaculada Cortèsa,b,c,
, Lucía Artazcoza,b,c,d, Mayca Rodríguez-Sanzb,e, Carme Borrellb,c,e
Autor para correspondencia
icortes@aspb.es
Correspondencia: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Pl. Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona. España.
Correspondencia: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Pl. Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona. España.
a Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Servei de Salut Laboral i Ambiental
b Red de Centros de Investigación Cooperativa en Epidemiología y Salud Pública
c Red de Investigación de Salud y Género
d Universitat Pompeu Fabra
e Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Servei de Sistemes d’Informació Sanitària. Barcelona. España
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] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Servei de Salut Laboral i Ambiental" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Red de Centros de Investigación Cooperativa en Epidemiología y Salud Pública" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Red de Investigación de Salud y Género" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universitat Pompeu Fabra" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Servei de Sistemes d’Informació Sanitària. Barcelona. España" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Correspondencia:</span> Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Pl. Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Inequalities in mental health in the working population" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-01-16" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-06-28" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "es" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268581" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Mental health" 1 => "Psychosocial factors" 2 => "Social class" 3 => "Gender" 4 => "Occupational health" ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268582" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Salud mental" 1 => "Factores psicosociales" 2 => "Clase social" 3 => "Género" 4 => "Salud laboral" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar las desigualdades en la salud mental según el género y la cualificación del trabajo de la población ocupada, e identificar los factores laborales de riesgo psicosocial y las condiciones de empleo asociadas con el estado de salud mental de esta población.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta de Salud de Barcelona de 2000. Se incluyó la población ocupada de 16 a 64 años de edad (2.322 hombres y 1.836 mujeres). El estado de salud mental se midió con el cuestionario GHQ-12. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística para calcular las <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> ajustadas (ORa) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de mala salud mental varió del 8% en los hombres con ocupaciones no manuales al 19% en las mujeres con ocupaciones manuales. Las mujeres presentaban un mayor riesgo de mala salud mental que los hombres, aunque las diferencias de sexo fueron superiores entre las trabajadoras manuales (ORa respecto a los hombres del mismo grupo = 2,26; IC del 95%, 1,68–3,05). Las diferencias según la cualificación profesional solamente se presentaron en las mujeres, con una ORa de 1,58 (IC del 95%, 1,22–2,05) de las trabajadoras manuales respecto a las no manuales. Los factores de riesgo psicosocial se asociaron con la salud mental: las exigencias psicológicas en todos los grupos, la autonomía sólo en las ocupaciones no manuales y el apoyo social únicamente en las mujeres más cualificadas. Algunas condiciones de empleo, como trabajar en jornada partida o con un contrato temporal, sólo se asociaron con la salud mental en las ocupaciones manuales.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La salud mental de la población ocupada se relaciona con la cualificación profesional y el género; la situación más desfavorable corresponde a las mujeres, especialmente las que tienen ocupaciones manuales. Los factores laborales de naturaleza psicosocial se asocian con el estado de salud mental y también con un patrón diferencial según la cualificación laboral y el género.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze inequalities in mental health in the working population by gender and professional qualifications and to identify psychosocial risk factors and employment conditions related to the mental health of this population.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Barcelona Health Survey 2000. The working population aged 16–64 years (2322 men and 1836 women) was included. Mental health was measured with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratios</span> (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by means of multivariate logistic regression models separated by job qualifications and gender.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of poor mental health ranged from 8% among men working in non-manual occupations to 19% in women working in manual jobs. Women were more likely to report poor mental health status than men, although sex differences were greater among manual workers (aOR = 2.26; 95%CI, 1.68–3.05 for women compared to men in the same group). Differences according to qualifications were found among women only (aOR = 1.58 [95%CI, 1.22–2.05] for women working in manual jobs compared to those working in non-manual jobs), while no differences were found among men according to qualifications. Psychosocial risk factors were associated with mental health: demand was associated in all groups, autonomy only in non-manual occupations, and social support only in the most highly qualified working women. Employment conditions such as working a split shift (working day with a long lunch break) or having a temporary contract were associated with mental health in manual occupations only.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mental health among the working population is related to professional qualifications and gender. Women are at greater risk than men, especially those working in manual occupations. Psychosocial occupational factors are related to mental health status, showing different patterns depending on gender and professional qualifications.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:38 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The World Health Report 2001 Mental Health: new understanding, new hope" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "World Health Organization" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:1 [ "serieFecha" => "2001" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2." 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
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| 2023 Marzo | 58 | 40 | 98 |
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| 2023 Enero | 28 | 18 | 46 |
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| 2021 Diciembre | 31 | 39 | 70 |
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| 2021 Junio | 31 | 31 | 62 |
| 2021 Mayo | 24 | 29 | 53 |
| 2021 Abril | 66 | 62 | 128 |
| 2021 Marzo | 48 | 24 | 72 |
| 2021 Febrero | 37 | 17 | 54 |
| 2021 Enero | 36 | 23 | 59 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 38 | 21 | 59 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 17 | 15 | 32 |
| 2020 Octubre | 15 | 14 | 29 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 23 | 13 | 36 |
| 2020 Agosto | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2020 Julio | 20 | 25 | 45 |
| 2020 Junio | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2020 Mayo | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2020 Abril | 37 | 25 | 62 |
| 2020 Marzo | 26 | 15 | 41 |
| 2020 Febrero | 33 | 31 | 64 |
| 2020 Enero | 37 | 40 | 77 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 36 | 28 | 64 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 14 | 10 | 24 |
| 2019 Octubre | 35 | 27 | 62 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2019 Agosto | 41 | 19 | 60 |
| 2019 Julio | 41 | 15 | 56 |
| 2019 Junio | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2019 Mayo | 47 | 12 | 59 |
| 2019 Abril | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2019 Marzo | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2019 Febrero | 26 | 10 | 36 |
| 2019 Enero | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 38 | 15 | 53 |
| 2018 Octubre | 66 | 32 | 98 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 31 | 16 | 47 |
| 2018 Agosto | 26 | 10 | 36 |
| 2018 Julio | 28 | 9 | 37 |
| 2018 Junio | 27 | 12 | 39 |
| 2018 Mayo | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2018 Abril | 17 | 13 | 30 |
| 2018 Marzo | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2018 Febrero | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2018 Enero | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 27 | 14 | 41 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 20 | 6 | 26 |
| 2017 Octubre | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 21 | 9 | 30 |
| 2017 Agosto | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| 2017 Julio | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2017 Junio | 42 | 11 | 53 |
| 2017 Mayo | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2017 Abril | 30 | 5 | 35 |
| 2017 Marzo | 32 | 7 | 39 |
| 2017 Febrero | 16 | 5 | 21 |
| 2017 Enero | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 64 | 5 | 69 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 73 | 10 | 83 |
| 2016 Octubre | 81 | 7 | 88 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 78 | 10 | 88 |
| 2016 Agosto | 52 | 4 | 56 |
| 2016 Julio | 23 | 3 | 26 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2015 Octubre | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 1 | 8 | 9 |
| 2015 Agosto | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Julio | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 2015 Junio | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2015 Abril | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2015 Marzo | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Febrero | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2015 Enero | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2014 Octubre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2014 Agosto | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2014 Julio | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2014 Junio | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2014 Mayo | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2014 Abril | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2014 Marzo | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2014 Febrero | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2014 Enero | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 9 | 2 | 11 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 17 | 2 | 19 |
| 2013 Octubre | 23 | 1 | 24 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2013 Agosto | 24 | 1 | 25 |
| 2013 Julio | 14 | 1 | 15 |
| 2004 Agosto | 1293 | 0 | 1293 |
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