Condiciones sociolaborales, conductas de riesgo y prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual en mujeres inmigrantes que ejercen la prostitución en Madrid
Social and work conditions, risk behavior and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among female immigrant prostitutes in Madrid [Spain]
María José Belzaa,
, Petunia Clavoc, Juan Ballesterosc, Blanca Menéndezc, Jesús Castillaa,b, Santos Sanzc, Natividad Jerezc, Carmen Rodríguezc, Flor Sáncheza, Jorge del Romeroc
Autor para correspondencia
mbelza@isciii.es
Correspondencia: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España.
Correspondencia: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España.
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Madrid" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro Sanitario Sandoval. Instituto Madrileño de Salud. Madrid. España" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Social and work conditions, risk behavior and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among female immigrant prostitutes in Madrid [Spain]" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2003-05-12" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-01-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268622" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Infecciones de transmisión sexual" 1 => "VIH" 2 => "Prostitución" 3 => "Inmigrantes" 4 => "Conductas de riesgo" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268621" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Sexually transmitted diseases" 1 => "HIV" 2 => "Prostitution" 3 => "Immigrants" 4 => "Risk behaviour" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir las características sociodemográficas, las condiciones de trabajo, las conductas sexuales y la prevalencia de infecciones por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en un grupo de mujeres inmigrantes que ejercen la prostitución en Madrid.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal de 579 mujeres inmigrantes que ejercían la prostitución, atendidas en un centro de ITS de Madrid entre 1999 y 2000. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, las condiciones de trabajo, el consumo de drogas por vía parenteral y las prácticas sexuales con los clientes y en su vida privada. La atención incluía un control de las principales ITS y el estudio serológico para el VIH, el VHB y el VHC.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La media de edad fue de 28,7 años, el 96% procedía de Latinoamérica y ninguna había consumido drogas por vía parenteral. La edad media de inicio en la prostitución fue de 27,4 años y el 93,3% había comenzado en España. En el último mes, el 98% había utilizado siempre el preservativo en las penetraciones vaginales o anales con los clientes, pero sólo el 17,6% en sus relaciones privadas. Un 30% refirió alguna rotura del preservativo durante un servicio. La prevalencia de infección por el VIH fue del 0,2%, y por el VHC del 0,9%. El 8,1% tenía anticuerpos anti-core para el VHB y el 0,5% antígeno de superficie. La prevalencia de otras ITS fue del 18,0% y la de otras infecciones genitales no necesariamente de transmisión sexual, del 27,3%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se observa un uso generalizado del preservativo con los clientes, aunque también una elevada frecuencia de roturas. La prevalencia de marcadores de infección para el VIH, el VHB y el VHC es baja, aunque la de otras ITS es elevada.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe the sociodemographic characteristics, work conditions, sexual behavior, and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) infection and of other sexually transmitted infections among a group of female immigrant prostitutes in Madrid.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a descriptive study of a group of immigrant women who worked as prostitutes and who attended a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Madrid in 1999 and 2000. Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, work conditions, use of injected drugs, and sexual practices with their clients and in their private lives. The services provided included screening for the main STDs and serological studies for HIV, HBV and HCV.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 579 female immigrants were analyzed. The mean age was 28.7 years. Ninety-six percent were from Latin America. None reported having consumed injected drugs. They began to work as prostitutes at a mean age of 27.4 years and 93.3% of them began in Spain. In the previous month, 98% had always used condoms for vaginal and anal penetrations with their clients and 17.6% had used them in their private sexual relations. Thirty percent reported condom breakage during intercourse. The prevalence of HIV and HCV infection was 0.2 and 0.9%, respectively; 8.1% showed HIV anticore antibodies and 0.5% showed surface antigens. An ulcerative STD was diagnosed in 2.1% and a non-ulcerative STD was diagnosed in 16%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Condoms are generally used with clients although the frequency of breakage is high. Condom use in prostitutes’ personal lives is dramatically lower. The prevalence of markers for HIV, HBV and HCV is low and the frequency of STD is moderate.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Este trabajo se ha realizado con apoyo de la Red de Investigación en Sida (RIS) y de la Red de Centros de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (RCESP) del FIS.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sex workers and the control of sexually transmitted disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Day" 1 => "H. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2024 Octubre | 65 | 45 | 110 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 59 | 20 | 79 |
| 2024 Agosto | 61 | 32 | 93 |
| 2024 Julio | 44 | 24 | 68 |
| 2024 Junio | 43 | 22 | 65 |
| 2024 Mayo | 48 | 34 | 82 |
| 2024 Abril | 41 | 16 | 57 |
| 2024 Marzo | 68 | 24 | 92 |
| 2024 Febrero | 52 | 30 | 82 |
| 2024 Enero | 36 | 13 | 49 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 43 | 18 | 61 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 43 | 26 | 69 |
| 2023 Octubre | 23 | 20 | 43 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 49 | 22 | 71 |
| 2023 Agosto | 40 | 14 | 54 |
| 2023 Julio | 37 | 18 | 55 |
| 2023 Junio | 47 | 18 | 65 |
| 2023 Mayo | 43 | 19 | 62 |
| 2023 Abril | 31 | 22 | 53 |
| 2023 Marzo | 54 | 37 | 91 |
| 2023 Febrero | 33 | 20 | 53 |
| 2023 Enero | 34 | 15 | 49 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 47 | 36 | 83 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 48 | 40 | 88 |
| 2022 Octubre | 32 | 36 | 68 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 25 | 31 | 56 |
| 2022 Agosto | 38 | 47 | 85 |
| 2022 Julio | 26 | 35 | 61 |
| 2022 Junio | 25 | 34 | 59 |
| 2022 Mayo | 38 | 35 | 73 |
| 2022 Abril | 32 | 36 | 68 |
| 2022 Marzo | 42 | 34 | 76 |
| 2022 Febrero | 45 | 41 | 86 |
| 2022 Enero | 35 | 35 | 70 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 33 | 39 | 72 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 33 | 55 | 88 |
| 2021 Octubre | 32 | 46 | 78 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 47 | 58 | 105 |
| 2021 Agosto | 23 | 39 | 62 |
| 2021 Julio | 29 | 27 | 56 |
| 2021 Junio | 24 | 29 | 53 |
| 2021 Mayo | 31 | 32 | 63 |
| 2021 Abril | 39 | 38 | 77 |
| 2021 Marzo | 37 | 26 | 63 |
| 2021 Febrero | 38 | 17 | 55 |
| 2021 Enero | 32 | 26 | 58 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 35 | 14 | 49 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 23 | 21 | 44 |
| 2020 Octubre | 23 | 21 | 44 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 17 | 7 | 24 |
| 2020 Agosto | 14 | 21 | 35 |
| 2020 Julio | 8 | 16 | 24 |
| 2020 Junio | 25 | 12 | 37 |
| 2020 Mayo | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2020 Abril | 25 | 33 | 58 |
| 2020 Marzo | 20 | 30 | 50 |
| 2020 Febrero | 36 | 33 | 69 |
| 2020 Enero | 17 | 12 | 29 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 18 | 21 | 39 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2019 Octubre | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| 2019 Agosto | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2019 Julio | 23 | 4 | 27 |
| 2019 Junio | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2019 Mayo | 16 | 15 | 31 |
| 2019 Abril | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2019 Marzo | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2019 Febrero | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| 2019 Enero | 5 | 19 | 24 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 42 | 18 | 60 |
| 2018 Octubre | 54 | 28 | 82 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 28 | 13 | 41 |
| 2018 Agosto | 24 | 10 | 34 |
| 2018 Julio | 26 | 8 | 34 |
| 2018 Junio | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2018 Mayo | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| 2018 Abril | 29 | 10 | 39 |
| 2018 Marzo | 19 | 10 | 29 |
| 2018 Febrero | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2018 Enero | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2017 Octubre | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 20 | 8 | 28 |
| 2017 Agosto | 18 | 8 | 26 |
| 2017 Julio | 28 | 11 | 39 |
| 2017 Junio | 26 | 8 | 34 |
| 2017 Mayo | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2017 Abril | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2017 Marzo | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2017 Febrero | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2017 Enero | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 46 | 9 | 55 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 75 | 7 | 82 |
| 2016 Octubre | 61 | 15 | 76 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 51 | 6 | 57 |
| 2016 Agosto | 46 | 7 | 53 |
| 2016 Julio | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2016 Junio | 1 | 10 | 11 |
| 2016 Mayo | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| 2016 Abril | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 Marzo | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2016 Febrero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 Enero | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Octubre | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 1 | 16 | 17 |
| 2015 Agosto | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Julio | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| 2015 Mayo | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2015 Abril | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Marzo | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2015 Febrero | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2015 Enero | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2014 Octubre | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2014 Agosto | 12 | 2 | 14 |
| 2014 Julio | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2014 Junio | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| 2014 Mayo | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2014 Abril | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2014 Marzo | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2014 Febrero | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2014 Enero | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2013 Octubre | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| 2013 Agosto | 33 | 2 | 35 |
| 2013 Julio | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2004 Abril | 1300 | 0 | 1300 |
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