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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valorar la asociaci&#243;n de la situaci&#243;n laboral&#44; el tipo de estudios y el estado civil con el consumo de tabaco en una cohorte de licenciados y diplomados universitarios espa&#241;oles&#44; donde predominan los profesionales sanitarios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis transversal de los datos basales de los 7&#46;508 primeros participantes del Proyecto SUN &#40;Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra&#41;&#46; Los sujetos fueron clasificados seg&#250;n su consumo de tabaco&#46; Las variables independientes fueron&#58; situaci&#243;n laboral&#44; estado civil&#44; nivel m&#225;s alto de estudios completado&#44; n&#250;mero de hijos&#44; gramos de alcohol ingerido al d&#237;a&#44; &#237;ndice de masa corporal y edad&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariante se ajustaron 3 grupos de modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica no condicional&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; fumadores frente al conjunto formado por nunca fumadores m&#225;s ex fumadores&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; fumadores frente a nunca fumadores&#44; y c&#41; fumadores de 15 o m&#225;s cigarrillos al d&#237;a frente al conjunto formado por fumadores de menos de 15 cigarrillos&#47;d&#237;a&#44; nunca fumadores y ex fumadores&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los varones no se encontr&#243; ninguna asociaci&#243;n entre la situaci&#243;n laboral y ser fumador en ninguna de las 3 comparaciones&#46; Por el contrario&#44; entre las mujeres se observ&#243; que haber cursado la diplomatura de enfermer&#237;a se asociaba a una mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo&#44; con una prevalencia del 48&#44;5&#37; de fumadoras actuales entre las enfermeras&#46; Entre las mujeres&#44; tambi&#233;n era m&#225;s frecuente el consumo de tabaco en las estudiantes&#46; Para las estudiantes&#44; la prevalencia de grandes fumadoras &#40;&#8805; 15 cigarrilos&#47;d&#237;a&#41; mostraba una odds ratio de 1&#44;81 &#40;intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;28-2&#44;57&#41;&#46; Haber realizado un doctorado se asociaba inversamente con el tabaquismo en ambos sexos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dentro de un gran colectivo espa&#241;ol con niveles educativos superiores&#44; la prevalencia de fumadoras actuales es mayor en las mujeres que han completado una diplomatura&#46; Es preocupante&#44; desde el punto de vista sociosanitario&#44; que entre las enfermeras la prevalencia de tabaquismo sea m&#225;s alta que en la media de las mujeres universitarias&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study was to assess the association between employment&#44; educational level&#44; marital status&#44; and smoking in a large cohort of Spanish university graduates &#40;3- and 5-year degrees&#41;&#44; with a predominance of health professionals&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of the first 7&#44;508 participants in the follow-up study of the University of Navarre &#40;SUN Project&#41; was performed&#46; The subjects were classified according to their smoking status&#46; Independent variables were&#58; employment&#44; marital status&#44; highest educational level attained&#44; number of children&#44; alcohol consumption &#40;g&#47;day&#41;&#44; body mass index&#44; and age&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; 3 non-conditional logistic regression models were built using the following outcomes&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; smokers vs never-smokers plus exsmokers&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; smokers vs never-smokers&#59; c&#41; smokers of 15 or more cigarettes a day vs smokers of less than 15 cigarettes a day plus never-smokers and ex-smokers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among men&#44; no association was found between employment and smoking status in any of the comparisons&#46; In contrast&#44; among women&#44; being a nurse was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking&#46; The prevalence of current smokers among nurses was 48&#46;5&#37;&#46; Female students were also more likely to smoke and had a higher risk of being heavy smokers &#40;OR &#61; 1&#46;81&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;28-2&#46;57&#41;&#46; A lower prevalence of smoking was found among participants of both sexes who had completed a doctorate&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among a large Spanish collective with higher education&#44; the prevalence of smoking was higher in women with a shorter college degree&#46; The prevalence of smoking among nurses was higher than the average among women graduates&#44; which is a cause for concern&#46;</p>"
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Consumo de tabaco en titulados universitarios. El Proyecto SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra)
Smoking among a cohort of Spanish university graduates. The SUN Project
Xabier Adrián García de Albéñiza, Félix Guerra-Gutiérreza, Rodrigo Ortega-Martíneza, Almudena Sánchez-Villegasa,b, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzáleza,
Autor para correspondencia
mamartinez@unav.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Navarra. Irunlarrea, s/n. 31080 Pamplona. España.
a Departamento de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona. España
b Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valorar la asociaci&#243;n de la situaci&#243;n laboral&#44; el tipo de estudios y el estado civil con el consumo de tabaco en una cohorte de licenciados y diplomados universitarios espa&#241;oles&#44; donde predominan los profesionales sanitarios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis transversal de los datos basales de los 7&#46;508 primeros participantes del Proyecto SUN &#40;Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra&#41;&#46; Los sujetos fueron clasificados seg&#250;n su consumo de tabaco&#46; Las variables independientes fueron&#58; situaci&#243;n laboral&#44; estado civil&#44; nivel m&#225;s alto de estudios completado&#44; n&#250;mero de hijos&#44; gramos de alcohol ingerido al d&#237;a&#44; &#237;ndice de masa corporal y edad&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariante se ajustaron 3 grupos de modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica no condicional&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; fumadores frente al conjunto formado por nunca fumadores m&#225;s ex fumadores&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; fumadores frente a nunca fumadores&#44; y c&#41; fumadores de 15 o m&#225;s cigarrillos al d&#237;a frente al conjunto formado por fumadores de menos de 15 cigarrillos&#47;d&#237;a&#44; nunca fumadores y ex fumadores&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los varones no se encontr&#243; ninguna asociaci&#243;n entre la situaci&#243;n laboral y ser fumador en ninguna de las 3 comparaciones&#46; Por el contrario&#44; entre las mujeres se observ&#243; que haber cursado la diplomatura de enfermer&#237;a se asociaba a una mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo&#44; con una prevalencia del 48&#44;5&#37; de fumadoras actuales entre las enfermeras&#46; Entre las mujeres&#44; tambi&#233;n era m&#225;s frecuente el consumo de tabaco en las estudiantes&#46; Para las estudiantes&#44; la prevalencia de grandes fumadoras &#40;&#8805; 15 cigarrilos&#47;d&#237;a&#41; mostraba una odds ratio de 1&#44;81 &#40;intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;28-2&#44;57&#41;&#46; Haber realizado un doctorado se asociaba inversamente con el tabaquismo en ambos sexos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dentro de un gran colectivo espa&#241;ol con niveles educativos superiores&#44; la prevalencia de fumadoras actuales es mayor en las mujeres que han completado una diplomatura&#46; Es preocupante&#44; desde el punto de vista sociosanitario&#44; que entre las enfermeras la prevalencia de tabaquismo sea m&#225;s alta que en la media de las mujeres universitarias&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study was to assess the association between employment&#44; educational level&#44; marital status&#44; and smoking in a large cohort of Spanish university graduates &#40;3- and 5-year degrees&#41;&#44; with a predominance of health professionals&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of the first 7&#44;508 participants in the follow-up study of the University of Navarre &#40;SUN Project&#41; was performed&#46; The subjects were classified according to their smoking status&#46; Independent variables were&#58; employment&#44; marital status&#44; highest educational level attained&#44; number of children&#44; alcohol consumption &#40;g&#47;day&#41;&#44; body mass index&#44; and age&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; 3 non-conditional logistic regression models were built using the following outcomes&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; smokers vs never-smokers plus exsmokers&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; smokers vs never-smokers&#59; c&#41; smokers of 15 or more cigarettes a day vs smokers of less than 15 cigarettes a day plus never-smokers and ex-smokers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among men&#44; no association was found between employment and smoking status in any of the comparisons&#46; In contrast&#44; among women&#44; being a nurse was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking&#46; The prevalence of current smokers among nurses was 48&#46;5&#37;&#46; Female students were also more likely to smoke and had a higher risk of being heavy smokers &#40;OR &#61; 1&#46;81&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;28-2&#46;57&#41;&#46; A lower prevalence of smoking was found among participants of both sexes who had completed a doctorate&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among a large Spanish collective with higher education&#44; the prevalence of smoking was higher in women with a shorter college degree&#46; The prevalence of smoking among nurses was higher than the average among women graduates&#44; which is a cause for concern&#46;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
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              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
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                  ]
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              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
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              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "P&#46; Guallar-Castill&#243;n"
                            1 => "F&#46; Rodr&#237;guez"
                            2 => "L&#46; D&#237;ez"
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                  ]
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              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "G&#46; Paluzie"
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                            2 => "L&#46; Bala&#241;&#224;"
                            3 => "T&#46; Puig"
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                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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              ]
            ]
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            1 => "V&#46; Moreno"
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                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "fecha" => "1997"
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            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trends in tobacco use in Europe"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "C&#46; Hill"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Cultural&#44; material&#44; and psychosocial correlates of the socioeconomic gradient in smoking behavior among adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Stronks"
                            1 => "H&#46;D&#46; Van de Mheen"
                            2 => "C&#46;W&#46; Looman"
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              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validity of self-reported mammography&#58; examining recall and covariates among older women in a Health Maintenance Organization"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;S&#46; Caplan"
                            1 => "M&#46;T&#46; Mandelson"
                            2 => "L&#46;A&#46; Anderson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "W&#46;C&#46; Willett"
                            1 => "G&#46;A&#46; Colditz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mediterranean diet and stroke&#58; objectives and design of the SUN Project"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Gonz&#225;lez"
                            1 => "A&#46; S&#225;nchez-V&#237;llegas"
                            2 => "J&#46; De Irala"
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                          ]
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                  ]
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                        ]
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                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dieta mediterr&#225;nea y enfermedad cardiovascular&#58; resultados del estudio piloto del proyecto SUN"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; S&#225;nchez-Villegas"
                            1 => "J&#46; De Irala"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Gonz&#225;lez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "fecha" => "2002"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "9"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Martin-Moreno"
                            1 => "P&#46; Boyle"
                            2 => "L&#46; Gorgojo"
                            3 => "P&#46; Maisonneuve"
                            4 => "J&#46;C&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Rodr&#237;guez"
                            5 => "S&#46; Salvini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                        "volumen" => "22"
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                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "titulo" => "Tabla de composici&#243;n de alimentos espa&#241;oles"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "editorial" => "Universidad de Granada"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Granada"
                      ]
                    ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Tabla de composici&#243;n de alimentos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
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                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                      "Revista" => array:2 [
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                        "fecha" => "1995"
                      ]
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              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Gonz&#225;lez"
                            1 => "J&#46; De Irala"
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                  ]
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Hern&#225;n"
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                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Hern&#225;n"
                            1 => "S&#46; Hern&#225;ndez-D&#237;az"
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                        ]
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                  ]
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ISSN: 02139111
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