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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamento</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Una vez obtenidas unas cifras aceptables en la identificaci&#243;n y el tratamiento de los enfermos tuberculosos&#44; se plantea una intervenci&#243;n para evitar la aparici&#243;n de nuevos casos&#46; Las personas con una infecci&#243;n tuberculosa latente &#40;ITL&#41; reciente tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad tuberculosa&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de ITL y sus factores asociados en los contactos de pacientes tuberculosos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron los contactos de estos pacientes examinados en el Centro de Prevenci&#243;n y Control de la Tuberculosis de Lleida en el per&#237;odo 1991-1997&#46; Se recogieron factores asociados con el caso &#237;ndice &#40;demogr&#225;ficos&#44; radiogr&#225;ficos&#44; bacteriol&#243;gicos y terap&#233;uticos&#41; y el resultado de la prueba de la tuberculina en los contactos y sus datos demogr&#225;ficos&#46; Tambi&#233;n se recogieron datos del caso &#237;ndice relacionados con la infecci&#243;n por el VIH&#44; el uso de drogas por v&#237;a parenteral y el consumo excesivo de alcohol&#46; Como medida de asociaci&#243;n&#44; se calcularon las <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; crudas y ajustadas &#40;ORa&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia global de ITL en los contactos fue del 36&#44;1&#37; &#40;780 de 2&#46;161&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariante se detect&#243; una mayor frecuencia de ITL en los contactos mayores de 14 a&#241;os &#40;ORa &#61; 3&#44;34&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#44; 2&#44;51-4&#44;45&#41;&#44; en los convivientes &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;96&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;59-2&#44;42&#41;&#44; en los contactos de caso &#237;ndice con una localizaci&#243;n pulmonar de la enfermedad &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;54&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;01- 2&#44;35&#41;&#44; en los de caso &#237;ndice con baciloscopia positiva en las muestras respiratorias &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;51&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;15-1&#44;99&#41;&#44; en los de caso &#237;ndice con patr&#243;n de cavitaciones en la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;27&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;01-1&#44;61&#41; y en los de casos &#237;ndice con demora en el inicio del tratamiento &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;31&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;05-1&#44;62&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia global de ITL en los contactos de enfermos tuberculosos es elevada&#46; Entre los factores estudiados&#44; la demora en el tratamiento del caso &#237;ndice ha mostrado una asociaci&#243;n independiente con la frecuencia de ITL en los contactos&#46; Deben reforzarse las medidas destinadas al diagn&#243;stico precoz y el tratamiento de los enfermos tuberculosos&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As tuberculosis control programs have reached acceptable levels in the identification and treatment of persons with active tuberculosis&#44; the next step should be to develop methods of preventing new cases&#46; Persons with latent tuberculosis infection &#40;LTI&#41; are considered to have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis&#46; The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of LTI and its associated factors in the contacts of tuberculosis patients&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied the contacts of tuberculosis patients who were examined in the Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention in Lleida &#40;Spain&#41; from 1991-1997&#46; Factors associated with the index case &#40;demographic&#44; radiographic&#44; bacteriologic and therapeutic&#41; and tuberculin skin test results and demographic data in contacts were collected&#46; Data on HIV infection&#44; injection drug use and alcohol consumption in tuberculosis patients were also collected&#46; The associations were assessed by obtaining crude and adjusted odds ratios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of LTI among contacts was 36&#46;1&#37; &#40;780&#47;2&#44;161&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis a higher frequency of LTI was detected in contacts older than 14 years &#40;ORa &#61; 3&#46;34&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 2&#46;51-4&#46;45&#41;&#44; contacts who had a higher degree of exposure to the index case &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;96&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;59-2&#46;42&#41;&#44; contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;54&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;01-2&#46;35&#41;&#44; contacts of patients with a positive sputum smear &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;51&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;15-1&#46;99&#41;&#44; contacts of patients with caverns on chest x-ray &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;27&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;01-1&#46;61&#41; and contacts of patients with delayed treatment &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;31&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;05-1&#46;62&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The overall prevalence of LTI in the contacts of patients with tuberculosis was high&#46; Among the factors studied&#44; delayed treatment in the index case was independently associated with the frequency of LTI in tuberculosis contacts&#46; Measures for the early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis should be intensified&#46;</p>"
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Factores asociados a la infección tuberculosa latente en los contactos de pacientes afectados
Factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection in the contacts of tuberculosis patients
Miquel Alsedà
Autor para correspondencia
miquel.alseda@cirurgia.udl.es

Correspondencia: Camp de Mart, 39, 3.° 2a. 25004 Lleida. España.
, Pere Godoy
Sección de Epidemiología. Delegación Territorial del Departamento de Sanidad y Seguridad Social de Lleida. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Lleida. Lleida. España
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamento</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Una vez obtenidas unas cifras aceptables en la identificaci&#243;n y el tratamiento de los enfermos tuberculosos&#44; se plantea una intervenci&#243;n para evitar la aparici&#243;n de nuevos casos&#46; Las personas con una infecci&#243;n tuberculosa latente &#40;ITL&#41; reciente tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad tuberculosa&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de ITL y sus factores asociados en los contactos de pacientes tuberculosos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron los contactos de estos pacientes examinados en el Centro de Prevenci&#243;n y Control de la Tuberculosis de Lleida en el per&#237;odo 1991-1997&#46; Se recogieron factores asociados con el caso &#237;ndice &#40;demogr&#225;ficos&#44; radiogr&#225;ficos&#44; bacteriol&#243;gicos y terap&#233;uticos&#41; y el resultado de la prueba de la tuberculina en los contactos y sus datos demogr&#225;ficos&#46; Tambi&#233;n se recogieron datos del caso &#237;ndice relacionados con la infecci&#243;n por el VIH&#44; el uso de drogas por v&#237;a parenteral y el consumo excesivo de alcohol&#46; Como medida de asociaci&#243;n&#44; se calcularon las <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; crudas y ajustadas &#40;ORa&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia global de ITL en los contactos fue del 36&#44;1&#37; &#40;780 de 2&#46;161&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariante se detect&#243; una mayor frecuencia de ITL en los contactos mayores de 14 a&#241;os &#40;ORa &#61; 3&#44;34&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#44; 2&#44;51-4&#44;45&#41;&#44; en los convivientes &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;96&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;59-2&#44;42&#41;&#44; en los contactos de caso &#237;ndice con una localizaci&#243;n pulmonar de la enfermedad &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;54&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;01- 2&#44;35&#41;&#44; en los de caso &#237;ndice con baciloscopia positiva en las muestras respiratorias &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;51&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;15-1&#44;99&#41;&#44; en los de caso &#237;ndice con patr&#243;n de cavitaciones en la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;27&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;01-1&#44;61&#41; y en los de casos &#237;ndice con demora en el inicio del tratamiento &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#44;31&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;05-1&#44;62&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia global de ITL en los contactos de enfermos tuberculosos es elevada&#46; Entre los factores estudiados&#44; la demora en el tratamiento del caso &#237;ndice ha mostrado una asociaci&#243;n independiente con la frecuencia de ITL en los contactos&#46; Deben reforzarse las medidas destinadas al diagn&#243;stico precoz y el tratamiento de los enfermos tuberculosos&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As tuberculosis control programs have reached acceptable levels in the identification and treatment of persons with active tuberculosis&#44; the next step should be to develop methods of preventing new cases&#46; Persons with latent tuberculosis infection &#40;LTI&#41; are considered to have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis&#46; The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of LTI and its associated factors in the contacts of tuberculosis patients&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied the contacts of tuberculosis patients who were examined in the Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention in Lleida &#40;Spain&#41; from 1991-1997&#46; Factors associated with the index case &#40;demographic&#44; radiographic&#44; bacteriologic and therapeutic&#41; and tuberculin skin test results and demographic data in contacts were collected&#46; Data on HIV infection&#44; injection drug use and alcohol consumption in tuberculosis patients were also collected&#46; The associations were assessed by obtaining crude and adjusted odds ratios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of LTI among contacts was 36&#46;1&#37; &#40;780&#47;2&#44;161&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis a higher frequency of LTI was detected in contacts older than 14 years &#40;ORa &#61; 3&#46;34&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 2&#46;51-4&#46;45&#41;&#44; contacts who had a higher degree of exposure to the index case &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;96&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;59-2&#46;42&#41;&#44; contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;54&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;01-2&#46;35&#41;&#44; contacts of patients with a positive sputum smear &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;51&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;15-1&#46;99&#41;&#44; contacts of patients with caverns on chest x-ray &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;27&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;01-1&#46;61&#41; and contacts of patients with delayed treatment &#40;ORa &#61; 1&#46;31&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;05-1&#46;62&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The overall prevalence of LTI in the contacts of patients with tuberculosis was high&#46; Among the factors studied&#44; delayed treatment in the index case was independently associated with the frequency of LTI in tuberculosis contacts&#46; Measures for the early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis should be intensified&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 02139111
Idioma original: Español
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