array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0213911103717312"
  "issn" => "02139111"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71731-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2003-05-01"
  "aid" => "71731"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2003"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2003;17:218-25"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2350
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 144
      "HTML" => 1782
      "PDF" => 424
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911103717324"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71732-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2003-05-01"
    "aid" => "71732"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2003;17:226-30"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3336
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 120
        "HTML" => 2513
        "PDF" => 703
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Cáncer de pulmón y tabaco en Asturias. Un estudio de casos y controles"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "226"
          "paginaFinal" => "230"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Lung cancer and smoking in Asturias, Spain. A case-control study"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M. Caicoya, J.A. Mirón"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Caicoya"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.A."
              "apellidos" => "Mirón"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911103717324?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717324/v1_201310251612/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911103717300"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71730-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2003-05-01"
    "aid" => "71730"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2003;17:210-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2161
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 164
        "HTML" => 1598
        "PDF" => 399
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Los costes socioeconómicos de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y del cáncer en las Islas Canarias en 1998"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "210"
          "paginaFinal" => "217"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Socioeconomic costs of cardiovascular disease and cancer in the Canary Islands [Spain] in 1998"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J. López-Bastida, P. Serrano-Aguilar, B. Duque-González"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "López-Bastida"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "Serrano-Aguilar"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "B."
              "apellidos" => "Duque-González"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911103717300?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717300/v1_201310251612/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Incremento de costes atribuible a la infección quirúrgica de la apendicectomía y colectomía"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "218"
        "paginaFinal" => "225"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J. Ríos, C. Murillo, G. Carrasco, C. Humet"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J."
            "apellidos" => "Ríos"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Murillo"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "carles&#46;murillo&#64;cexs&#46;upf&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "G&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Carrasco"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Humet"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut &#40;CRES&#41;&#46; Universitat Pompeu Fabra &#40;UPF&#41;"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona&#46; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Correspondencia</span>&#58; C&#46; Murillo&#46; Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut &#40;CRES&#41;&#46; Departament de Ci&#232;ncies Experimentales i de la Salut&#46; Universitat Pompeu Fabra&#46; &#40;UPF&#41;&#46; Ram&#243;n Tr&#237;as Fargas&#44; 25-27&#46; 08025 Barcelona&#46; Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Increase in costs attributable to surgical infection after appendicectomy and colectomy"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2002-02-22"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2003-02-21"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268756"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Infecci&#243;n"
            1 => "Sitio quir&#250;rgico"
            2 => "Dise&#241;o de casos y controles"
            3 => "Costes de la infecci&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268755"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Infection"
            1 => "Surgical site"
            2 => "Case-control design"
            3 => "Costs"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar los costes mediante la medici&#243;n directa&#44; caso a caso&#44; de la infecci&#243;n del sitio quir&#250;rgico en la apendicectom&#237;a y la colectom&#237;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dise&#241;o&#58; estudio de casos y controles con base poblacional&#59; los casos fueron todos los pacientes diagnosticados de infecci&#243;n de sitio quir&#250;rgico tras apendicectom&#237;a o colectom&#237;a en SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona&#44; y los controles una muestra seleccionada aleatoriamente entre los pacientes no infectados que reun&#237;an caracter&#237;sticas comunes para el apareamiento&#46; Per&#237;odo de estudio&#58; del 1 de enero de 1998 al 31 de diciembre de 1999&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Tipos de apareamiento</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; individual de pacientes agrupados seg&#250;n el diagn&#243;stico principal&#44; el procedimiento quir&#250;rgico principal&#44; la edad y el sexo&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; individual de pacientes agrupados seg&#250;n el diagn&#243;stico principal&#44; la edad y el sexo&#44; pero utilizando adem&#225;s para la selecci&#243;n de los controles el diagn&#243;stico secundario&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fuentes de informaci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">sistema inform&#225;tico de registros e historias cl&#237;nicas en soporte electr&#243;nico&#44; incluyendo los costes registrados en tiempo real&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Contabilidad anal&#237;tica</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">programa ADS plus&#174;&#44; que calcul&#243; costes reales &#40;paciente por paciente&#41; a partir de datos como el consumo de farmacia&#44; el material sanitario&#44; las pruebas adicionales de diagn&#243;stico y las estancias generadas&#46; Los costes estructurales se imputaron en la matriz de costes a partir del c&#225;lculo contable y su impacto en los costes directos&#46; Se consider&#243; coste atribuible a la infecci&#243;n al coste incremental o adicional resultante de la diferencia entre casos y controles&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">los c&#225;lculos estad&#237;sticos se realizaron mediante el paquete estad&#237;stico SPSS&#44; versi&#243;n 9&#46;0&#46; Se utilizaron pruebas no param&#233;tricas teniendo en cuenta el tama&#241;o de la muestra&#46; Se aplic&#243; el test de Wilcoxon para variables continuas con el fin de comparar la edad&#44; la duraci&#243;n de las intervenciones quir&#250;rgicas&#44; la estancia hospitalaria y los costes&#46; Los resultados se expresaron como media aritm&#233;tica&#46; Se consider&#243; un nivel de significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica un valor de p &#60; 0&#44;01&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el primer apareamiento se incluyeron 23 casos y 23 controles para los pacientes operados de apendicectom&#237;a&#44; y 20 casos y 20 controles de colectom&#237;a&#46; En el apenapareamiento 2 la muestra fue de 17 pares de casos y controles en apendicectom&#237;a&#44; y 14 pares de casos y controles en colectom&#237;a&#46; La infecci&#243;n comport&#243; un aumento de la estancia media entre 7&#44;7 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 7&#44;3 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en apendicectom&#237;a infectada&#44; y entre 17&#44;6 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 15&#44;4 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en colectom&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con infecci&#243;n de apendicectom&#237;a presentaron un coste medio tres veces superior a los no infectados tanto en el apareamiento 1 &#40;2&#46;998&#44;60 frente a 941&#44;89 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41; como en el apareamiento 2 &#40;2&#46;751&#44;70 frente a 870&#44;81 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Similar hallazgo se observ&#243; en la colectom&#237;a&#44; tanto en el apareamiento 1 &#40;10&#46;705&#44;34 frente a 2&#46;600&#44;55 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41; como en el apareamiento 2 &#40;9&#46;081&#44;12 frente a 2&#46;621&#44;39 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; El coste medio atribuible a la infecci&#243;n de sitio quir&#250;rgico oscil&#243; entre 2&#46;056&#44;71 e &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 1&#46;880&#44;89 e &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en el caso de la apendicectom&#237;a&#44; y 8&#46;140&#44;79 e &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 6&#46;405&#44;65 e &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en la colectom&#237;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En las condiciones del estudio&#44; la infecci&#243;n del sitio quir&#250;rgico determina la prolongaci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria de m&#225;s de una semana en la apendicectom&#237;a y de m&#225;s de dos en la colectom&#237;a&#44; con un incremento superior al 300&#37; en el coste directo total&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the costs&#44; with the help of direct case to case measurement&#44; of the surgical site infection in apendicectomy and colectomy&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Design&#58; cases and controls study&#44; population-based&#44; in which the cases were all the patients diagnosed of surgical site infection after apendicectomy or colectomy in SCIASHospital de Barcelona&#44; and the controls were a random sample of noninfected patients that presented common characteristics for matching purposes&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Study period</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">from January 1&#44; 1998&#44; to December 31&#44; 1999&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Types of matching</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; individual&#44; patients grouped according to main diagnosis&#44; main surgical procedure&#44; age and gender&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; patients grouped according to main diagnosis&#44; main surgical procedure&#44; age and gender using in addition&#44; as controls criteria&#44; the number of secondary diagnoses&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Data sources</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">computer system with all the registries and clinical histories in electronic support&#44; including the costs registered in real time&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Analytical Accounting</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ADS plus&#174; program that calculated the real costs &#40;patient to patient&#41; extracted from real data&#44; such as drugs consumption&#44; medical supplies&#44; additional diagnosis tests and generated stays&#46; The structural costs were imputed in the matrix of costs from the countable calculation and its impact on the direct costs&#46; The cost attributable to the infection was calculated as the additional cost resultant from the difference between cases and controls&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical analysis</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">the statistical calculations were made by means of the statistical package SPSS&#44; version 9&#46;0&#46; Nonparametric tests were used considering the sample size&#46; The test of Wilcoxon for continuous variables&#44; with the purpose of comparing age&#44; operations length&#44; hospital stay and costs&#44; was applied&#46; The results were expressed as arithmetic mean&#46; A level of statistical meaning of p &#60; 0&#46;01 was considered&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The first matching included 23 cases and 23 controls for patients operated on apendicectomy and 20 cases and 20 controls for those operated on colectomy&#46; In matching 2&#44; the sample consisted on 17 pairs of cases and controls on apendicectomy and 14 pairs of cases and controls on colectomy&#46; The infection increased the average length of stay between 7&#46;7 days &#40;matching 1&#41; and 7&#46;3 days &#40;matching 2&#41; in cases of infected apendicectomy and between 17&#46;6 days &#40;matching 1&#41; and 15&#46;4 days &#40;matching 2&#41; in cases of infected colectomy&#46; The patients with apendicectomy infection presented an average cost three times higher than the ones not infected&#44; both in matching 1 &#40;2&#44;998&#46;60 versus 941&#46;89 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41; and in matching 2 &#40;2&#44;751&#46;70 versus 870&#46;81 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; Similar findings were observed in colectomy both in matching 1 &#40;10&#44;705&#46;34 versus 2&#44;600&#46;55 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41; and in matching 2 &#40;9&#44;081&#46;12 versus 2&#44;621&#46;39 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; The average cost of surgical site infection oscillated between 2&#44;056&#46;71 e &#40;matching 1&#41; and 1&#44;880&#46;89 e &#40;matching 2&#41; in apendicectomy and between 8&#44;140&#46;79 e &#40;matching 1&#41; and 6&#44;405&#46;65 e &#40;matching 2&#41; in colectomy&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Under the study conditions&#44; the infection of surgical site determines the prolongation of the hospital stay in more than one week in apendicectomy and in more than two in colectomy&#44; with an increase higher than 300&#37; in the total direct cost&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Biblograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Explorations in quality assessment and monitoring &#40;I&#41;&#46; The definition of quality and approaches to its assessment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Donabedian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "31"
                        "serieFecha" => "1980"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new method of direct cost analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "B&#46;T&#46; Gipe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cost Quality"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "14"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections&#44; 1992&#58; A modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;C&#46; Horan"
                            1 => "R&#46;P&#46; Gaynes"
                            2 => "W&#46;J&#46; Martone"
                            3 => "W&#46;J&#46; Jarvis"
                            4 => "T&#46;G&#46; Emori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "606"
                        "paginaFinal" => "608"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1334988"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Surgical wound infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;E&#46; Nichols"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "numero" => "3B Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "54S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64S"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1750420"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infecci&#243;n en cirug&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Cainzos Fern&#225;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Doyma"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nosocomial infection rates as an indicator of quality"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Larson"
                            1 => "L&#46;F&#46; Oram"
                            2 => "E&#46; Hedrik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Care"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "676"
                        "paginaFinal" => "684"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393030"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimaci&#243;n del coste de la infecci&#243;n nosocomial en una unidad de medicina intensiva"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; D&#237;az Molina"
                            1 => "M&#46; Garc&#237;a Mart&#237;n"
                            2 => "A&#46; Bueno Cavanillas"
                            3 => "A&#46; L&#243;pez Luque"
                            4 => "M&#46; Delgado Rodr&#237;guez"
                            5 => "R&#46; G&#225;lvez Vargas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "329"
                        "paginaFinal" => "332"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "C&#225;lculos de los costes de sida en Espa&#241;a mediante t&#233;cnicas de simulaci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Anto&#241;anzas Villar"
                            1 => "F&#46; Anton Botella"
                            2 => "C&#46; Ju&#225;rez Castello"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "568"
                        "paginaFinal" => "572"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measuring the cost of nosocomial infection&#58; methods for estimation economic burden on the hospital"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;W&#46; Haley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "numero" => "3B Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38S"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hospital characteristics associated with unplanned readmissions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;Z&#46; Ansari"
                            1 => "B&#46;T&#46; Collopy"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Booth"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aust Health Rev"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "63"
                        "paginaFinal" => "75"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10152276"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The nationwide infection rate&#44; a need for new vital stadistics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;W&#46; Haley"
                            1 => "D&#46;H&#46; Culver"
                            2 => "J&#46;W&#46; White"
                            3 => "W&#46;M&#46; Morgan"
                            4 => "T&#46;G&#46; Emori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "167"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4014113"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en Catalu&#241;a &#40;I&#41;&#46; Infecciones y factores de riesgo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Grupo de trabajo EPINCAT"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "41"
                        "paginaFinal" => "42"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "EPINE 97"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Evoluci&#243;n de la prevalencia de la infecci&#243;n nosocomial en hospitales espa&#241;oles en el per&#237;odo"
                        "fecha" => "1990-1997"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The case for using industrial quality manegement science in health care organizations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Laffel"
                            1 => "D&#46; Blumenthal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "262"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2869"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2873"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2810623"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Costes de calidad y no calidad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Amat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1992"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gesti&#243;n de la Calidad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Pola Maseda"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1988"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nosocomial infection and the &#171;irreducible minimun &#187;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Ayliffe GAJ"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "numero" => "Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "92"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3633895"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gesti&#243;n estrat&#233;gica de la calidad en los servicios sanitarios"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Varo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1994"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos de casos y controles&#46; Fundamento te&#243;rico y variantes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Lazcano-Ponce"
                            1 => "E&#46; Salazar-Mart&#237;nez"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hern&#225;ndez-&#193;vila"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Salud P&#250;blica &#40;M&#233;xico&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "135"
                        "paginaFinal" => "150"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "What is the cost of inappropriate admission of pneumonia patients&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; G&#243;nzalez-Moraleja"
                            1 => "P&#46; Sesma"
                            2 => "C&#46; G&#243;nzalez"
                            3 => "M&#46;E&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            4 => "J&#46;L&#46; &#193;lvarez-Sala"
                            5 => "J&#46;F&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol&#44;"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "312"
                        "paginaFinal" => "316"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Study of costs associated with catheter-related bacteremia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Moris de la Tassa"
                            1 => "P&#46; Fern&#225;ndez M&#250;&#241;oz"
                            2 => "A&#46; Antuna Egocheaga"
                            3 => "M&#46;C&#46; Guti&#233;rrez del Rio"
                            4 => "B&#46; De la Fuente Garc&#237;a"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Carton S&#225;nchez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "198"
                        "paginaInicial" => "641"
                        "paginaFinal" => "646"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9844450"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Methodologic issues in hospital epidemiology &#40;II&#41;&#46; Time and accurancy in estimation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Freeman"
                            1 => "J&#46;E&#46; McGowan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "668"
                        "paginaFinal" => "677"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7339780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postoperative wound infections detected during hospitalization and after discharge in a community hospital"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Burns"
                            1 => "S&#46;E&#46; Dippe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Infect Control"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "60"
                        "paginaFinal" => "65"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6919398"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El coste de la infecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; S&#225;enz Gonz&#225;lez"
                            1 => "R&#46; Gonz&#225;lez Celador"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cir Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "229"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimaci&#243;n del coste atribuible a la infecci&#243;n nosocomial&#58; prolongaci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria y c&#225;lculo de costes alternativos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Pe&#241;a"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pujol"
                            2 => "R&#46; Pallar&#233;s"
                            3 => "X&#46; Corbella"
                            4 => "T&#46; Vidal"
                            5 => "N&#46; Tortras"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "441"
                        "paginaFinal" => "444"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimaci&#243;n del coste de las infecciones nosocomiales mediante estudios caso-control apareados"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Rabanaque Hern&#225;ndez"
                            1 => "C&#46; Aibar Rem&#243;n"
                            2 => "L&#46;I&#46; G&#243;mez L&#243;pez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cir Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "379"
                        "paginaFinal" => "385"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717312/v1_201310251612/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "18705"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717312/v1_201310251612/es/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911103717312?idApp=WGSE"
]
Compartir
Publique en esta revista
Información de la revista

Estadísticas

Siga este enlace para acceder al texto completo del artículo

Incremento de costes atribuible a la infección quirúrgica de la apendicectomía y colectomía
Increase in costs attributable to surgical infection after appendicectomy and colectomy
J. Ríosa, C. Murilloa,
Autor para correspondencia
carles.murillo@cexs.upf.es

Correspondencia: C. Murillo. Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut (CRES). Departament de Ciències Experimentales i de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. (UPF). Ramón Trías Fargas, 25-27. 08025 Barcelona. España
, G. Carrascob, C. Humetb
a Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut (CRES). Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)
b SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona. España
Leído
5078
Veces
se ha leído el artículo
1817
Total PDF
3261
Total HTML
Compartir estadísticas
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0213911103717312"
  "issn" => "02139111"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71731-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2003-05-01"
  "aid" => "71731"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Salud P&#250;blica y Administraci&#243;n Sanitaria"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2003"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2003;17:218-25"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2350
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 144
      "HTML" => 1782
      "PDF" => 424
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911103717324"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71732-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2003-05-01"
    "aid" => "71732"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Salud P&#250;blica y Administraci&#243;n Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2003;17:226-30"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3336
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 120
        "HTML" => 2513
        "PDF" => 703
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "C&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n y tabaco en Asturias&#46; Un estudio de casos y controles"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "226"
          "paginaFinal" => "230"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Lung cancer and smoking in Asturias&#44; Spain&#46; A case-control study"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Caicoya, J&#46;A&#46; Mir&#243;n"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Caicoya"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mir&#243;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911103717324?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717324/v1_201310251612/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911103717300"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71730-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2003-05-01"
    "aid" => "71730"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Salud P&#250;blica y Administraci&#243;n Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2003;17:210-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2161
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 164
        "HTML" => 1598
        "PDF" => 399
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Los costes socioecon&#243;micos de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y del c&#225;ncer en las Islas Canarias en 1998"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "210"
          "paginaFinal" => "217"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Socioeconomic costs of cardiovascular disease and cancer in the Canary Islands &#91;Spain&#93; in 1998"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; L&#243;pez-Bastida, P&#46; Serrano-Aguilar, B&#46; Duque-Gonz&#225;lez"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez-Bastida"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Serrano-Aguilar"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "B&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Duque-Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911103717300?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717300/v1_201310251612/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Incremento de costes atribuible a la infecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica de la apendicectom&#237;a y colectom&#237;a"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "218"
        "paginaFinal" => "225"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J&#46; R&#237;os, C&#46; Murillo, G&#46; Carrasco, C&#46; Humet"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "R&#237;os"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Murillo"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "carles&#46;murillo&#64;cexs&#46;upf&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "G&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Carrasco"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Humet"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut &#40;CRES&#41;&#46; Universitat Pompeu Fabra &#40;UPF&#41;"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona&#46; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Correspondencia</span>&#58; C&#46; Murillo&#46; Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut &#40;CRES&#41;&#46; Departament de Ci&#232;ncies Experimentales i de la Salut&#46; Universitat Pompeu Fabra&#46; &#40;UPF&#41;&#46; Ram&#243;n Tr&#237;as Fargas&#44; 25-27&#46; 08025 Barcelona&#46; Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Increase in costs attributable to surgical infection after appendicectomy and colectomy"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2002-02-22"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2003-02-21"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268756"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Infecci&#243;n"
            1 => "Sitio quir&#250;rgico"
            2 => "Dise&#241;o de casos y controles"
            3 => "Costes de la infecci&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268755"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Infection"
            1 => "Surgical site"
            2 => "Case-control design"
            3 => "Costs"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar los costes mediante la medici&#243;n directa&#44; caso a caso&#44; de la infecci&#243;n del sitio quir&#250;rgico en la apendicectom&#237;a y la colectom&#237;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dise&#241;o&#58; estudio de casos y controles con base poblacional&#59; los casos fueron todos los pacientes diagnosticados de infecci&#243;n de sitio quir&#250;rgico tras apendicectom&#237;a o colectom&#237;a en SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona&#44; y los controles una muestra seleccionada aleatoriamente entre los pacientes no infectados que reun&#237;an caracter&#237;sticas comunes para el apareamiento&#46; Per&#237;odo de estudio&#58; del 1 de enero de 1998 al 31 de diciembre de 1999&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Tipos de apareamiento</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; individual de pacientes agrupados seg&#250;n el diagn&#243;stico principal&#44; el procedimiento quir&#250;rgico principal&#44; la edad y el sexo&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; individual de pacientes agrupados seg&#250;n el diagn&#243;stico principal&#44; la edad y el sexo&#44; pero utilizando adem&#225;s para la selecci&#243;n de los controles el diagn&#243;stico secundario&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fuentes de informaci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">sistema inform&#225;tico de registros e historias cl&#237;nicas en soporte electr&#243;nico&#44; incluyendo los costes registrados en tiempo real&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Contabilidad anal&#237;tica</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">programa ADS plus&#174;&#44; que calcul&#243; costes reales &#40;paciente por paciente&#41; a partir de datos como el consumo de farmacia&#44; el material sanitario&#44; las pruebas adicionales de diagn&#243;stico y las estancias generadas&#46; Los costes estructurales se imputaron en la matriz de costes a partir del c&#225;lculo contable y su impacto en los costes directos&#46; Se consider&#243; coste atribuible a la infecci&#243;n al coste incremental o adicional resultante de la diferencia entre casos y controles&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">los c&#225;lculos estad&#237;sticos se realizaron mediante el paquete estad&#237;stico SPSS&#44; versi&#243;n 9&#46;0&#46; Se utilizaron pruebas no param&#233;tricas teniendo en cuenta el tama&#241;o de la muestra&#46; Se aplic&#243; el test de Wilcoxon para variables continuas con el fin de comparar la edad&#44; la duraci&#243;n de las intervenciones quir&#250;rgicas&#44; la estancia hospitalaria y los costes&#46; Los resultados se expresaron como media aritm&#233;tica&#46; Se consider&#243; un nivel de significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica un valor de p &#60; 0&#44;01&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el primer apareamiento se incluyeron 23 casos y 23 controles para los pacientes operados de apendicectom&#237;a&#44; y 20 casos y 20 controles de colectom&#237;a&#46; En el apenapareamiento 2 la muestra fue de 17 pares de casos y controles en apendicectom&#237;a&#44; y 14 pares de casos y controles en colectom&#237;a&#46; La infecci&#243;n comport&#243; un aumento de la estancia media entre 7&#44;7 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 7&#44;3 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en apendicectom&#237;a infectada&#44; y entre 17&#44;6 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 15&#44;4 d&#237;as &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en colectom&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con infecci&#243;n de apendicectom&#237;a presentaron un coste medio tres veces superior a los no infectados tanto en el apareamiento 1 &#40;2&#46;998&#44;60 frente a 941&#44;89 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41; como en el apareamiento 2 &#40;2&#46;751&#44;70 frente a 870&#44;81 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Similar hallazgo se observ&#243; en la colectom&#237;a&#44; tanto en el apareamiento 1 &#40;10&#46;705&#44;34 frente a 2&#46;600&#44;55 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41; como en el apareamiento 2 &#40;9&#46;081&#44;12 frente a 2&#46;621&#44;39 e&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; El coste medio atribuible a la infecci&#243;n de sitio quir&#250;rgico oscil&#243; entre 2&#46;056&#44;71 e &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 1&#46;880&#44;89 e &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en el caso de la apendicectom&#237;a&#44; y 8&#46;140&#44;79 e &#40;apareamiento 1&#41; y 6&#46;405&#44;65 e &#40;apareamiento 2&#41; en la colectom&#237;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En las condiciones del estudio&#44; la infecci&#243;n del sitio quir&#250;rgico determina la prolongaci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria de m&#225;s de una semana en la apendicectom&#237;a y de m&#225;s de dos en la colectom&#237;a&#44; con un incremento superior al 300&#37; en el coste directo total&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the costs&#44; with the help of direct case to case measurement&#44; of the surgical site infection in apendicectomy and colectomy&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Design&#58; cases and controls study&#44; population-based&#44; in which the cases were all the patients diagnosed of surgical site infection after apendicectomy or colectomy in SCIASHospital de Barcelona&#44; and the controls were a random sample of noninfected patients that presented common characteristics for matching purposes&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Study period</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">from January 1&#44; 1998&#44; to December 31&#44; 1999&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Types of matching</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#41; individual&#44; patients grouped according to main diagnosis&#44; main surgical procedure&#44; age and gender&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#41; patients grouped according to main diagnosis&#44; main surgical procedure&#44; age and gender using in addition&#44; as controls criteria&#44; the number of secondary diagnoses&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Data sources</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">computer system with all the registries and clinical histories in electronic support&#44; including the costs registered in real time&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Analytical Accounting</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ADS plus&#174; program that calculated the real costs &#40;patient to patient&#41; extracted from real data&#44; such as drugs consumption&#44; medical supplies&#44; additional diagnosis tests and generated stays&#46; The structural costs were imputed in the matrix of costs from the countable calculation and its impact on the direct costs&#46; The cost attributable to the infection was calculated as the additional cost resultant from the difference between cases and controls&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical analysis</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">the statistical calculations were made by means of the statistical package SPSS&#44; version 9&#46;0&#46; Nonparametric tests were used considering the sample size&#46; The test of Wilcoxon for continuous variables&#44; with the purpose of comparing age&#44; operations length&#44; hospital stay and costs&#44; was applied&#46; The results were expressed as arithmetic mean&#46; A level of statistical meaning of p &#60; 0&#46;01 was considered&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The first matching included 23 cases and 23 controls for patients operated on apendicectomy and 20 cases and 20 controls for those operated on colectomy&#46; In matching 2&#44; the sample consisted on 17 pairs of cases and controls on apendicectomy and 14 pairs of cases and controls on colectomy&#46; The infection increased the average length of stay between 7&#46;7 days &#40;matching 1&#41; and 7&#46;3 days &#40;matching 2&#41; in cases of infected apendicectomy and between 17&#46;6 days &#40;matching 1&#41; and 15&#46;4 days &#40;matching 2&#41; in cases of infected colectomy&#46; The patients with apendicectomy infection presented an average cost three times higher than the ones not infected&#44; both in matching 1 &#40;2&#44;998&#46;60 versus 941&#46;89 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41; and in matching 2 &#40;2&#44;751&#46;70 versus 870&#46;81 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; Similar findings were observed in colectomy both in matching 1 &#40;10&#44;705&#46;34 versus 2&#44;600&#46;55 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41; and in matching 2 &#40;9&#44;081&#46;12 versus 2&#44;621&#46;39 e&#44; respectively&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; The average cost of surgical site infection oscillated between 2&#44;056&#46;71 e &#40;matching 1&#41; and 1&#44;880&#46;89 e &#40;matching 2&#41; in apendicectomy and between 8&#44;140&#46;79 e &#40;matching 1&#41; and 6&#44;405&#46;65 e &#40;matching 2&#41; in colectomy&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Under the study conditions&#44; the infection of surgical site determines the prolongation of the hospital stay in more than one week in apendicectomy and in more than two in colectomy&#44; with an increase higher than 300&#37; in the total direct cost&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Biblograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Explorations in quality assessment and monitoring &#40;I&#41;&#46; The definition of quality and approaches to its assessment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Donabedian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "31"
                        "serieFecha" => "1980"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new method of direct cost analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "B&#46;T&#46; Gipe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cost Quality"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "14"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections&#44; 1992&#58; A modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;C&#46; Horan"
                            1 => "R&#46;P&#46; Gaynes"
                            2 => "W&#46;J&#46; Martone"
                            3 => "W&#46;J&#46; Jarvis"
                            4 => "T&#46;G&#46; Emori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "606"
                        "paginaFinal" => "608"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1334988"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Surgical wound infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;E&#46; Nichols"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "numero" => "3B Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "54S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64S"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1750420"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infecci&#243;n en cirug&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Cainzos Fern&#225;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Doyma"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nosocomial infection rates as an indicator of quality"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Larson"
                            1 => "L&#46;F&#46; Oram"
                            2 => "E&#46; Hedrik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Care"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "676"
                        "paginaFinal" => "684"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393030"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimaci&#243;n del coste de la infecci&#243;n nosocomial en una unidad de medicina intensiva"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; D&#237;az Molina"
                            1 => "M&#46; Garc&#237;a Mart&#237;n"
                            2 => "A&#46; Bueno Cavanillas"
                            3 => "A&#46; L&#243;pez Luque"
                            4 => "M&#46; Delgado Rodr&#237;guez"
                            5 => "R&#46; G&#225;lvez Vargas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "329"
                        "paginaFinal" => "332"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "C&#225;lculos de los costes de sida en Espa&#241;a mediante t&#233;cnicas de simulaci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Anto&#241;anzas Villar"
                            1 => "F&#46; Anton Botella"
                            2 => "C&#46; Ju&#225;rez Castello"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "568"
                        "paginaFinal" => "572"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measuring the cost of nosocomial infection&#58; methods for estimation economic burden on the hospital"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;W&#46; Haley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "numero" => "3B Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38S"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hospital characteristics associated with unplanned readmissions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;Z&#46; Ansari"
                            1 => "B&#46;T&#46; Collopy"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Booth"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aust Health Rev"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "63"
                        "paginaFinal" => "75"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10152276"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The nationwide infection rate&#44; a need for new vital stadistics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;W&#46; Haley"
                            1 => "D&#46;H&#46; Culver"
                            2 => "J&#46;W&#46; White"
                            3 => "W&#46;M&#46; Morgan"
                            4 => "T&#46;G&#46; Emori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "167"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4014113"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en Catalu&#241;a &#40;I&#41;&#46; Infecciones y factores de riesgo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Grupo de trabajo EPINCAT"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "41"
                        "paginaFinal" => "42"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "EPINE 97"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Evoluci&#243;n de la prevalencia de la infecci&#243;n nosocomial en hospitales espa&#241;oles en el per&#237;odo"
                        "fecha" => "1990-1997"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The case for using industrial quality manegement science in health care organizations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Laffel"
                            1 => "D&#46; Blumenthal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "262"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2869"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2873"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2810623"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Costes de calidad y no calidad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Amat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1992"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gesti&#243;n de la Calidad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Pola Maseda"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1988"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nosocomial infection and the &#171;irreducible minimun &#187;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Ayliffe GAJ"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "numero" => "Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "92"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3633895"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gesti&#243;n estrat&#233;gica de la calidad en los servicios sanitarios"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Varo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1994"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos de casos y controles&#46; Fundamento te&#243;rico y variantes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Lazcano-Ponce"
                            1 => "E&#46; Salazar-Mart&#237;nez"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hern&#225;ndez-&#193;vila"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Salud P&#250;blica &#40;M&#233;xico&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "135"
                        "paginaFinal" => "150"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "What is the cost of inappropriate admission of pneumonia patients&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; G&#243;nzalez-Moraleja"
                            1 => "P&#46; Sesma"
                            2 => "C&#46; G&#243;nzalez"
                            3 => "M&#46;E&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            4 => "J&#46;L&#46; &#193;lvarez-Sala"
                            5 => "J&#46;F&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol&#44;"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "312"
                        "paginaFinal" => "316"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Study of costs associated with catheter-related bacteremia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Moris de la Tassa"
                            1 => "P&#46; Fern&#225;ndez M&#250;&#241;oz"
                            2 => "A&#46; Antuna Egocheaga"
                            3 => "M&#46;C&#46; Guti&#233;rrez del Rio"
                            4 => "B&#46; De la Fuente Garc&#237;a"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Carton S&#225;nchez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "198"
                        "paginaInicial" => "641"
                        "paginaFinal" => "646"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9844450"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Methodologic issues in hospital epidemiology &#40;II&#41;&#46; Time and accurancy in estimation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Freeman"
                            1 => "J&#46;E&#46; McGowan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "668"
                        "paginaFinal" => "677"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7339780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postoperative wound infections detected during hospitalization and after discharge in a community hospital"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Burns"
                            1 => "S&#46;E&#46; Dippe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Infect Control"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "60"
                        "paginaFinal" => "65"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6919398"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El coste de la infecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; S&#225;enz Gonz&#225;lez"
                            1 => "R&#46; Gonz&#225;lez Celador"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cir Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "229"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimaci&#243;n del coste atribuible a la infecci&#243;n nosocomial&#58; prolongaci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria y c&#225;lculo de costes alternativos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Pe&#241;a"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pujol"
                            2 => "R&#46; Pallar&#233;s"
                            3 => "X&#46; Corbella"
                            4 => "T&#46; Vidal"
                            5 => "N&#46; Tortras"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "441"
                        "paginaFinal" => "444"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimaci&#243;n del coste de las infecciones nosocomiales mediante estudios caso-control apareados"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Rabanaque Hern&#225;ndez"
                            1 => "C&#46; Aibar Rem&#243;n"
                            2 => "L&#46;I&#46; G&#243;mez L&#243;pez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cir Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "379"
                        "paginaFinal" => "385"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717312/v1_201310251612/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "18705"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/0000001700000003/v1_201310251612/S0213911103717312/v1_201310251612/es/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911103717312?idApp=WGSE"
]
Información del artículo
ISSN: 02139111
Idioma original: Español
Datos actualizados diariamente
año/Mes Html Pdf Total
2024 Noviembre 7 2 9
2024 Octubre 45 33 78
2024 Septiembre 29 21 50
2024 Agosto 50 31 81
2024 Julio 31 32 63
2024 Junio 34 20 54
2024 Mayo 38 35 73
2024 Abril 31 19 50
2024 Marzo 44 42 86
2024 Febrero 29 57 86
2024 Enero 26 14 40
2023 Diciembre 21 15 36
2023 Noviembre 30 14 44
2023 Octubre 17 14 31
2023 Septiembre 40 15 55
2023 Agosto 25 11 36
2023 Julio 38 16 54
2023 Junio 29 23 52
2023 Mayo 26 10 36
2023 Abril 30 15 45
2023 Marzo 36 37 73
2023 Febrero 24 20 44
2023 Enero 24 18 42
2022 Diciembre 33 28 61
2022 Noviembre 47 40 87
2022 Octubre 31 40 71
2022 Septiembre 18 27 45
2022 Agosto 36 56 92
2022 Julio 27 47 74
2022 Junio 31 36 67
2022 Mayo 22 42 64
2022 Abril 24 31 55
2022 Marzo 34 38 72
2022 Febrero 33 35 68
2022 Enero 30 36 66
2021 Diciembre 21 31 52
2021 Noviembre 26 49 75
2021 Octubre 20 31 51
2021 Septiembre 24 41 65
2021 Agosto 12 21 33
2021 Julio 17 24 41
2021 Junio 16 23 39
2021 Mayo 18 28 46
2021 Abril 39 36 75
2021 Marzo 38 18 56
2021 Febrero 23 14 37
2021 Enero 22 18 40
2020 Diciembre 22 11 33
2020 Noviembre 10 9 19
2020 Octubre 13 10 23
2020 Septiembre 9 7 16
2020 Agosto 14 9 23
2020 Julio 20 10 30
2020 Junio 7 4 11
2020 Mayo 13 6 19
2020 Abril 9 8 17
2020 Marzo 12 10 22
2020 Febrero 10 17 27
2020 Enero 13 15 28
2019 Diciembre 19 24 43
2019 Noviembre 7 11 18
2019 Octubre 11 3 14
2019 Septiembre 9 8 17
2019 Agosto 7 3 10
2019 Julio 9 2 11
2019 Junio 12 11 23
2019 Mayo 9 6 15
2019 Abril 7 8 15
2019 Marzo 6 6 12
2019 Febrero 5 10 15
2019 Enero 2 4 6
2018 Diciembre 3 10 13
2018 Noviembre 13 9 22
2018 Octubre 30 25 55
2018 Septiembre 18 12 30
2018 Agosto 14 7 21
2018 Julio 27 15 42
2018 Junio 17 8 25
2018 Mayo 24 10 34
2018 Abril 14 7 21
2018 Marzo 16 7 23
2018 Febrero 9 2 11
2018 Enero 4 6 10
2017 Diciembre 13 6 19
2017 Noviembre 20 11 31
2017 Octubre 6 13 19
2017 Septiembre 12 11 23
2017 Agosto 9 10 19
2017 Julio 13 13 26
2017 Junio 21 14 35
2017 Mayo 16 4 20
2017 Abril 20 11 31
2017 Marzo 16 6 22
2017 Febrero 4 4 8
2017 Enero 7 4 11
2016 Diciembre 24 6 30
2016 Noviembre 21 8 29
2016 Octubre 24 11 35
2016 Septiembre 23 9 32
2016 Agosto 31 10 41
2016 Julio 15 7 22
2016 Febrero 1 0 1
2015 Diciembre 1 0 1
2015 Octubre 1 0 1
2015 Junio 1 0 1
2015 Abril 2 0 2
2015 Marzo 1 0 1
2015 Enero 2 0 2
2014 Diciembre 2 0 2
2014 Noviembre 2 0 2
2014 Octubre 1 1 2
2014 Septiembre 2 1 3
2014 Agosto 12 1 13
2014 Julio 4 1 5
2014 Junio 5 2 7
2014 Mayo 3 1 4
2014 Abril 3 1 4
2014 Marzo 4 2 6
2014 Febrero 9 0 9
2014 Enero 9 1 10
2013 Diciembre 8 2 10
2013 Noviembre 13 3 16
2013 Octubre 22 1 23
2013 Septiembre 12 2 14
2013 Agosto 34 4 38
2013 Julio 21 2 23
2003 Abril 1001 0 1001
Mostrar todo

Siga este enlace para acceder al texto completo del artículo

Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?