El genoma y sus metáforas. ¿Detectives, héroes o profetas?

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"apellidos" => "Davo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mdavo@ua.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Álvarez-Dardet" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad de Alicante" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Dra. M. Carmen Davo Blanes. Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad de Alicante. Campus San Vicente del Raspeig. Apdo. 99. E-03080 Alicante. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The genome and its metaphors. Detectives, heroes or prophets?" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2002-02-19" "fechaAceptado" => "2002-08-28" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268800" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Genética" 1 => "Metáfora" 2 => "Cultura" 3 => "Medios de comunicación" 4 => "Periodismo" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268801" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Genetics" 1 => "Metaphor" 2 => "Culture" 3 => "Media" 4 => "Journalism" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ResumenLa «nueva genética», es decir, el impulso que esta disciplina toma a partir del denominado Proyecto Genoma, aspira a un cambio de paradigma en ciencias de la salud. Este cambio se postula desde una aproximación fenotípica de los problemas de salud hacia una aproximación genotípica, y por tanto excluyendo básicamente la influencia del medioambiente, lo que podría comprometer gravemente los fundamentos para el desarrollo y el ejercicio de la salud pública.Desde que empezó a desarrollarse el Proyecto Genoma, los nuevos descubrimientos genéticos se convirtieron en temas frecuentes de noticias en los medios de comunicación de masas. En este sentido, tanto genetistas como periodistas suelen utilizar metáforas para dar a conocer los conceptos complejos de la investigación genética para los que no existen bases en el lenguaje profano. Cabe señalar que los medios de comunicación no sólo modelan el establecimiento de la agenda social, sino que son también el espacio donde se conforma la cultura de salud de la población.Se presentan los resultados de un estudio preliminar en el que se exploran las metáforas utilizadas en los tres diarios de mayor difusión nacional (ABC, El País y El Mundo) en relación con las noticias sobre la «nueva genética» y se plantean las posibles consecuencias para la cultura de salud que puede tener la historia natural o el proceso catacrético de estas metáforas, mediante el cual se traslada el sentido figurativo de un término al sentido literal. En el proceso de revisión se ha desarrollado una taxonomía preliminar de las metáforas encontradas. Un 14,8% de los titulares identificados (51 de 342) contenía metáforas. Las metáforas estratégicas, como «programa», «control», «código», «mapa» o «puzle» son las más utilizadas, seguidas de las teleológicas, con términos como «misterio» o «lenguaje de Dios», y por último las bélicas, como «ataque», «derrota» o «captura». Los tres tipos de metáforas se caracterizan por su intento de dotar de intencionalidad a los genes. Según estas observaciones, el punto de vista tecnocrático es el que parece estar prevaleciendo frente al religioso o el bélico, y es el que puede ejercer una mayor influencia en la construcción futura de la cultura de salud." ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "AbstractThe «new genetics», or the impetus given to this discipline by the Genome Project, aims to a change of paradigm of the Health Sciences. This change is postulated from a phenotypic approach to a genotypic one, thereby excluding the influence of the environment, which could seriously undermine the grounds for the development and exercise of Public Health.Since the beginning of the genome project, information on genetic discoveries has frequently been reported in the mass media. Metaphors are often used by geneticists and journalists to convey the complex concepts of genetic research for which there are no equivalents in the lay language. The media do not merely shape the social agenda but also provide the space in which health culture is constructed.We present the results of a preliminary study exploring the metaphors used in the three most widely-read national daily newspapers in Spain, namely ABC, El Pais and El Mundo, when reporting news of the «new genetics». The possible consequences of the natural history of these metaphors, or the process through which figurative terms acquire a literal meaning, are discussed. A preliminary taxonomy for the metaphors identified was developed. Fifty-one out of 342 identified headings (14.8%) contained metaphors. Strategic metaphors such as «program», «control», «code», «map», and «puzzle», were the most commonly used, followed by teleological ones such as «mystery» or «God language» and finally war-like metaphors such as «attack», «defeat», and «capture». The three groups of metaphors are characterized by an attempt to giving intentionality to genes. Strategic metaphors predominated over teleological and war-like ones and thus a technocratic perspective could form the basis of the future construction of health culture." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:36 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1." 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