Morbilidad, mortalidad y costes sanitarios evitables mediante una estrategia de tratamiento del tabaquismo en España
(The effects of implementing a smoking cessation intervention in Spain on morbidity, mortality and health care costs)
J. González-Enríqueza,
, T. Salvador-Llivinab, A. López-Nicolásc, E. Antón de las Herasd, A. Musind, E. Fernándeze, M. Garcíae, A. Schiaffinoe, I. Pérez-Escolanod
Autor para correspondencia
jgonza@isciii.es
Correspondencia: Jesús González-Enríquez. Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, s/n. 28029 Madrid.
Correspondencia: Jesús González-Enríquez. Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, s/n. 28029 Madrid.
a Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid
b Centro de Estudios sobre Promoción de la Salud
c Universidad Pompeu Fabra. Departament d'Economia i Empresa. Centre de Recerca en Economia i Salut. Barcelona
d Health Outcomes HO. GlaxoSmithKline
e Institut Català d'Oncologia. Servei de Prevenció i Control del Cáncer. Barcelona
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Barcelona" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Correspondencia</span>: Jesús González-Enríquez. Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, s/n. 28029 Madrid." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "(The effects of implementing a smoking cessation intervention in Spain on morbidity, mortality and health care costs)" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2001-12-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2002-04-10" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268850" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Tabaco" 1 => "Tabaquismo" 2 => "Mortalidad" 3 => "Política asistencial" 4 => "Prevención y control" 5 => "Modelo económico" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268851" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Smoking" 1 => "Smoking cessation policy" 2 => "Mortality" 3 => "Prevention and control" 4 => "Economic model" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se valoran los efectos que tendría una intervención destinada a reducir el uso de tabaco en la población española de fumadores sobre la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costes asociados al consumo de tabaco.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Método</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha adaptado el modelo Health and Economic Consequences of Smoking patrocinado por la OMS y desarrollado por The Lewin Group. La intervención propuesta incluye el acceso a asistencia farmacológica de un 35% de los fumadores que intentan dejar de fumar, y obtienen una tasa global de cesación al año del 7,2%. Las enfermedades estudiadas son: cáncer de pulmón, enfermedad coronaria, enfermedad cerebrovascular, EPOC, asma y bajo peso al nacer. Se estiman los casos de enfermedad y muerte atribuibles al consumo de tabaco evitados y la reducción en el coste sanitario debidos a la intervención, proyectados a 20 años.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sin intervención, en el año 1 del modelo 2.136.094 fumadores padecen alguna de las condiciones clínicas atribuibles al consumo de tabaco, el coste asistencial es de 4.286 millones de euros y las muertes atribuibles son 26.537. La intervención propuesta evita 2.613, 9.192, 17.415 y 23.837 casos de enfermedad atribuible al consumo de tabaco en los años 2, 5, 10 y 20 del modelo, respectivamente. Los costes asistenciales acumulados evitados son 3,5 millones de euros en el año 2 y 386 millones de euros a los 20 años. Las muertes acumuladas evitadas son 284 en el año 2 y 9.205 a los 20 años de la intervención. La intervención añade un total de 78.173 años de vida al final del período considerado.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La disponibilidad de nuevas intervenciones eficaces en el tratamiento del tabaquismo y el incremento de la accesibilidad a las mismas pueden contribuir de forma relevante a la reducción de la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costes sanitarios asociados al tabaquismo en España.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We estimated the effect that a smoking cessation intervention in the Spanish population of smokers would have on smoking-related morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We adopted the model Health and Economic Consequences of Smoking sponsored by the WHO Health Organization and developed by the The Lewin Group. The smoking cessation intervention proposed incluides pharmacological treatment to 35% of smokers who are trying to quit smoking and obtains a quit rate of 7.2%. The diseases studied are: lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma exacerbation, and low birth weight. The smoking- related cases of disease and of averted death and the reduction in healthcare expenditure due to the intervention were estimated.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Without intervention, at year 1 of the model, 2,136,094 smokers would be affected by some smoking-related disease; healthcare expenditure would be 4,286 million e and deaths attributable to smoking would total 26,537. The proposed intervention would prevent 2,613, 9,192, 17,415 and 23,837 cases of smoking-related disease at years 2, 5, 10 and 20 of the model, respectively. The saving in accumulated healthcare costs would amount to 3.5 million e at year 2 and 386 million e over 20 years. The accumulated prevented deaths are 284 at year 2 and 9,205 over 20 years. The intervention would save a total of 78,173 life-years by the end of the period considered.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The availability of new effective smoking cessation interventions and the increase in accessibility to such interventions may contribute significantly to reducing morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs associated with smoking in Spain.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliogrífia" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:61 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2024 Octubre | 46 | 32 | 78 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 43 | 32 | 75 |
| 2024 Agosto | 46 | 30 | 76 |
| 2024 Julio | 34 | 31 | 65 |
| 2024 Junio | 29 | 23 | 52 |
| 2024 Mayo | 48 | 25 | 73 |
| 2024 Abril | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2024 Marzo | 35 | 26 | 61 |
| 2024 Febrero | 40 | 31 | 71 |
| 2024 Enero | 25 | 22 | 47 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 25 | 17 | 42 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 27 | 24 | 51 |
| 2023 Octubre | 28 | 18 | 46 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 30 | 18 | 48 |
| 2023 Agosto | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2023 Julio | 31 | 19 | 50 |
| 2023 Junio | 37 | 19 | 56 |
| 2023 Mayo | 36 | 11 | 47 |
| 2023 Abril | 34 | 18 | 52 |
| 2023 Marzo | 31 | 31 | 62 |
| 2023 Febrero | 18 | 29 | 47 |
| 2023 Enero | 33 | 29 | 62 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 34 | 44 | 78 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 32 | 45 | 77 |
| 2022 Octubre | 35 | 39 | 74 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 22 | 42 | 64 |
| 2022 Agosto | 37 | 58 | 95 |
| 2022 Julio | 33 | 54 | 87 |
| 2022 Junio | 21 | 46 | 67 |
| 2022 Mayo | 33 | 44 | 77 |
| 2022 Abril | 23 | 39 | 62 |
| 2022 Marzo | 29 | 37 | 66 |
| 2022 Febrero | 26 | 35 | 61 |
| 2022 Enero | 28 | 46 | 74 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 22 | 40 | 62 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 22 | 45 | 67 |
| 2021 Octubre | 19 | 44 | 63 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 20 | 49 | 69 |
| 2021 Agosto | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2021 Julio | 17 | 43 | 60 |
| 2021 Junio | 18 | 35 | 53 |
| 2021 Mayo | 10 | 29 | 39 |
| 2021 Abril | 28 | 95 | 123 |
| 2021 Marzo | 26 | 29 | 55 |
| 2021 Febrero | 21 | 16 | 37 |
| 2021 Enero | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 15 | 20 | 35 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 14 | 25 | 39 |
| 2020 Octubre | 18 | 24 | 42 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2020 Agosto | 11 | 20 | 31 |
| 2020 Julio | 21 | 14 | 35 |
| 2020 Junio | 15 | 12 | 27 |
| 2020 Mayo | 11 | 25 | 36 |
| 2020 Abril | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| 2020 Marzo | 12 | 33 | 45 |
| 2020 Febrero | 18 | 64 | 82 |
| 2020 Enero | 9 | 20 | 29 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 13 | 20 | 33 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 17 | 8 | 25 |
| 2019 Octubre | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 14 | 10 | 24 |
| 2019 Agosto | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| 2019 Julio | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2019 Junio | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2019 Mayo | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2019 Abril | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2019 Marzo | 4 | 10 | 14 |
| 2019 Febrero | 7 | 13 | 20 |
| 2019 Enero | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 9 | 15 | 24 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2018 Octubre | 39 | 26 | 65 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 19 | 19 | 38 |
| 2018 Agosto | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2018 Julio | 22 | 11 | 33 |
| 2018 Junio | 19 | 15 | 34 |
| 2018 Mayo | 23 | 17 | 40 |
| 2018 Abril | 12 | 12 | 24 |
| 2018 Marzo | 17 | 3 | 20 |
| 2018 Febrero | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| 2018 Enero | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2017 Octubre | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2017 Agosto | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2017 Julio | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2017 Junio | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2017 Mayo | 21 | 9 | 30 |
| 2017 Abril | 32 | 16 | 48 |
| 2017 Marzo | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2017 Febrero | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2017 Enero | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| 2016 Octubre | 20 | 15 | 35 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2016 Agosto | 27 | 8 | 35 |
| 2016 Julio | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2016 Abril | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015 Octubre | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Agosto | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Julio | 1 | 11 | 12 |
| 2015 Junio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015 Mayo | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015 Abril | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| 2015 Marzo | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2015 Febrero | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 Enero | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2014 Octubre | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2014 Agosto | 12 | 2 | 14 |
| 2014 Julio | 16 | 1 | 17 |
| 2014 Junio | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2014 Mayo | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2014 Abril | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| 2014 Marzo | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2014 Febrero | 13 | 1 | 14 |
| 2014 Enero | 17 | 1 | 18 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 25 | 1 | 26 |
| 2013 Octubre | 36 | 3 | 39 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 23 | 4 | 27 |
| 2013 Agosto | 30 | 3 | 33 |
| 2013 Julio | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| 2002 Junio | 2067 | 0 | 2067 |
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