Estadísticas

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      "titulo" => "Sesión temática : Software de distribución libre para epidemiología y Salud Pública: cómo coordinar el desarrollo internacional"
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      "titulo" => "Sesión temática : Monitorización de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y factores de riesgo: resultados del proyecto EUROCISS"
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    "titulo" => "Sesión temática : Cohortes de recién nacidos en Europa"
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        "titulo" => "Birth cohorts in Europe"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"> Viernes 3 de Octubre &#47; Friday 3&#44; October<br></br> 15&#58;00&#58;00 a&#47;to 16&#58;30&#58;00</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">316 BIRTH COHORTS IN EUROPE</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Jorn Olsen&#42;&#44; Manolis Kogevinas&#42;&#42;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#42;Center For Epidemiologisk&#44; Grundforskning&#44; Aarthus Universutet&#44; Arthus C&#44; Denmark&#44; &#42;&#42;Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n Respiratoria y Ambiental&#44; Instituto Municipal de Investigaci&#243;n M&#233;dica&#44; Barcelona&#44; Espa&#241;a&#46;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Occurrences during the prenatal and postnatal period have large implications for children&#39;s&#39; health and also determine morbidity occurring later in life including asthma and allergy&#44; cancer&#44; mental illnesses&#44; delayed neurodevelopment&#44; cardiovascular diseases&#46; Recent evidence indicates that gene-environment interactions are important in diseases such as Attention-Deficit&#47;Hyperactivity Disorder &#40;ADHD&#41; and autism&#46; Exposures at early life are important because children are more susceptible than adults and because critical periods of exposure in early life condition later health effects&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Recent observational birth cohorts that incorporate both questionnaire data and collection of biological samples have enrolled approximately 180&#44;000 newborns in Belgium&#44; Denmark&#44; the Faroe islands&#44; Finland&#44; France&#44; Germany&#44; Italy&#44; Norway&#44; Spain&#44; Sweden&#44; the Netherlands&#44; the UK&#46; It is expected that in the next 2-3 years 290&#44;000 newborns will be enrolled in ongoing studies&#46; This information has originated from an initial coordination process among several research groups in EU countries but it is possible that additional cohorts exist&#46; These estimates do not include intervention studies many of which provide data directly comparable to observational studies that focus on environmental exposures and nutrition&#46; Most studies evaluate a wide spectrum of both exposures and effects&#46; Existing studies focus on environmental exposures &#40;e&#46;g&#46; pesticides&#44; water contaminants&#44; organochlorinated compounds&#44; indoor and outdoor air pollution&#44; metals &#40;Pb&#44; Hg&#41;&#44; endocrine disruptors&#44; environmental tobacco smoke&#41;&#44; nutrition in pregnancy focusing on measures of maternal diet such as&#46; antioxidants during pregnancy&#44; immunological factors such as food allergies&#44; psychological factors&#44; lifestyle &#40;e&#46;g&#46; smoking&#44; alcohol&#41;&#44; obesity&#44; health services related factors such as vaccines and use of medicaments during pregnancy&#44; occupation&#44; and genetic factors and gene-environment interactions&#44; particularly regarding nutrition&#46; The spectrum of outcomes measured is wide including for example IUGR&#44; reproductive outcomes such as birth weight&#44; birth defects&#44; allergies and asthma&#44; neurobehavioral development&#44; diabetes&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Several studies in children are conducted in EU countries but research is uncoordinated&#46; Individual areas of expertise do exist but the problem is in integrating them&#46; Progress in this extremely inspiring line of research of extraordinary public health importance can only come from a close collaboration at a European level having enough power to evaluate hypotheses and sufficient know-how in a wide spectrum of exposures and diseases&#46; Research has advanced rapidly in this field and unless the EU embarks on a very ambitious program now&#44; an important opportunity will be lost&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">317 THE NORWEGIAN MOTHER AND CHILD COHORT STUDY</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Wenche Nystad</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Division for epidemiology&#44; Norwegian Institute of Public Health&#44; Norway</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Background&#58;</span> Among 100&#46;000 confirmed pregnancies&#44; it has been estimated that 1&#46;000 will end in stillbirth&#44; 400 will die&#44; and several complex diseases will affect the children&#44; 900 will be diagnosed with cancer and 300 with heart disease before age 30 years&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objective&#58;</span> To perform research along several pathways covering most of the new hypothesis to date to calculate the association between different exposures and several endpoints&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Subjects and methods&#58;</span> 100&#46;000 pregnant women will be recruited between 1999 and 2006&#46; The women are included through attending the routine ultrasound examination in the 17th week of pregnancy&#46; They fill in three questionnaires during the pregnancy and three during the first 5 years after birth&#46; The father fills in one questionnaire&#46; Blood samples are taken&#58; a&#41; from the mother and father in the 17th week of pregnancy&#44; b&#41; at birth from the umbilical cord and a second sample from the mother&#46; Links to health registries or exposure registries will enable the generation of new data sets including the main project&#44; and more than 50 subprojects&#44; which have a cohort design or a nested case-control design&#46; No intervention will be undertaken&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> The presentation will include the recruitment procedures&#44; participation rates&#44; selection problems&#44; and some preliminary results&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">318 ENVIRONMENT AND CHILDHOOD&#58; THE INMA SPANISH STUDY</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Jordi Sunyer Deu</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n Respiratoria y Ambiental&#44; Instituto Municipal de Investigaci&#243;n M&#233;dica&#44; Espa&#241;a&#46;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The physical&#44; social and intellectual development of children from conception to the end of adolescence requires an environment which is both protected and protective of their health&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> A growing number of diseases in children are linked to the unsafe environments&#46; Prenatal and early life exposures including diet are associated with child health and human development and predispose to late adult effects&#46; Children are more vulnerable than adults to environmental exposures&#46; Children are not little adults - since they are still growing and their immune system and detoxification mechanisms are not fully developed&#44; they are especially vulnerable to chemical&#44; physical and biological hazards in air&#44; water and soil&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The project INfancia y Medio Ambiente &#40;INMA&#41; will follow up a life-stage approach and prospectively enroll a population sample of 5&#46;000 pregnant mothers and newborns&#46; Existing and new cohorts of pregnant women will be incorporated from seven different Spanish regions&#46; The INMA project aims to transfer knowledge and methodology between the different Spanish groups that are studying environment and health&#59; to describe the degree of individual contamination to persistent organic pollutants and metals and the burden of exposure during pregnancy and early infancy&#59; to evaluate the impact of the exposure to different contaminants and both the protective and negative factors of diet on infants&#39; growth and development&#59; and to contrast the hypothesis generated from other ongoing cohorts&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Environmental&#44; nutrition&#44; biological and psychosocial exposures at the prenatal and postnatal periods will be evaluated&#46; Outcomes include prenatal and birth health events&#44; neurodevelopment&#44; behavioural functioning&#44; immunity and hormonal disruption&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">319 AN OVERVIEW OF OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATABASES</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Sjurdur F Olsen</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Maternal Nutrition Group&#44; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre&#44; Denmark&#46;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Recent research has produced evidence that the diet consumed in&#44; or shortly before&#44; pregnancy can potentially lead to maldevelopment and diseases&#44; which may become apparent at any time from the embryonic stage till old age&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Setting up studies to examine such relationships is demanding and expensive&#46; Moreover&#44; when done in a prospective&#44; longitudinal setting&#44; it is at least as time consuming as it takes to wait until the studied health outcome has appeared&#46; It is therefore mandatory that we do not miss any potential opportunity to utilise already established data collections for this purpose&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The aim of the present survey was to identify and describe databases In Europe where information on maternal diet has been recorded&#44; and which can potentially create basis for longitudinal research to study Effects of such exposures on offspring development and diseases in a life long perspective&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> In a preliminary survey we identified around 25 such studies&#46; They varied widely with respect to age of cohort &#40;the oldest were more than 50 years&#41;&#44; number of pregnant women included &#40;the largest comprised around 100&#44;000&#41;&#44; and the emphasis and the method of the diet assessment &#40;from a few frequency questions on specific food items to extensive assessments of general diet&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The work was supported by The Nordic Longitudinal Epidemiology Research Programme &#40;Grant 00726&#41; of The Nordic Council of Ministers&#46; SFO is supported by the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">320 OBSERVATIONAL BIRTH COHORTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION&#58; THE NEED FOR STRONG COLLABORATION</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Manolis Kogevinas</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n Respiratoria y Ambiental&#44; Instituto Municipal de Investigaci&#243;n M&#233;dica&#44; Barcelona&#44; Espa&#241;a&#46;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Occurrences during the prenatal and postnatal period have large implications for children&#39;s&#39; health and also determine morbidity occurring later in life including asthma and allergy&#44; cancer&#44; mental illnesses&#44; delayed neurodevelopment&#44; cardiovascular diseases&#46; Recent evidence indicates that gene-environment interactions are important in diseases such as Attention-Deficit&#47;Hyperactivity Disorder &#40;ADHD&#41; and autism&#46; Exposures at early life are important because children are more susceptible than adults and because critical periods of exposure in early life condition later health effects&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Recent observational birth cohorts that incorporate both questionnaire data and collection of biological samples have enrolled approximately 180&#44;000 newborns in Belgium&#44; Denmark&#44; the Faroe islands&#44; Finland&#44; France&#44; Germany&#44; Italy&#44; Norway&#44; Spain&#44; Sweden&#44; the Netherlands&#44; the UK&#46; It is expected that in the next 2-3 years 290&#44;000 newborns will be enrolled in ongoing studies&#46; This information has originated from an initial coordination process among several research groups in EU countries but it is possible that additional cohorts exist&#46; These estimates do not include intervention studies many of which provide data directly comparable to observational studies that focus on environmental exposures and nutrition&#46; Most studies evaluate a wide spectrum of both exposures and effects&#46; Existing studies focus on environmental exposures &#40;e&#46;g&#46; pesticides&#44; water contaminants&#44; organochlorinated compounds&#44; indoor and outdoor air pollution&#44; metals &#40;Pb&#44; Hg&#41;&#44; endocrine disruptors&#44; environmental tobacco smoke&#41;&#44; nutrition in pregnancy focusing on measures of maternal diet such as&#46; antioxidants during pregnancy&#44; immunological factors such as food allergies&#44; psychological factors&#44; lifestyle &#40;e&#46;g&#46; smoking&#44; alcohol&#41;&#44; obesity&#44; health services related factors such as vaccines and use of medicaments during pregnancy&#44; occupation&#44; and genetic factors and gene-environment interactions&#44; particularly regarding nutrition&#46; The spectrum of outcomes measured is wide including for example IUGR&#44; reproductive outcomes such as birth weight&#44; birth defects&#44; allergies and asthma&#44; neurobehavioral development&#44; diabetes&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Several studies in children are conducted in EU countries but research is uncoordinated&#46; Individual areas of expertise do exist but the problem is in integrating them&#46; Progress in this extremely inspiring line of research of extraordinary public health importance can only come from a close collaboration at a European level having enough power to evaluate hypotheses and sufficient know-how in a wide spectrum of exposures and diseases&#46; Research has advanced rapidly in this field and unless the EU embarks on a very ambitious program now&#44; an important opportunity will be lost&#46;</p>"
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