array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0213911108760722"
  "issn" => "02139111"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(08)76072-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-04-01"
  "aid" => "76072"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2008"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2008;22 Supl 1:27-36"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2401
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 159
      "HTML" => 1592
      "PDF" => 650
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911108760734"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(08)76073-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-04-01"
    "aid" => "76073"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2008;22 Supl 1:37-42"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2070
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 136
        "HTML" => 1449
        "PDF" => 485
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Cap&#237;tulo 1&#46; Mejorando la informaci&#243;n y el conocimiento para las intervenciones sobre la salud</span>"
      "titulo" => "El nuevo m&#233;dico&#46; La inaplazable reforma de la formaci&#243;n de los profesionales de la salud&#46; Informe SESPAS 2008"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "37"
          "paginaFinal" => "42"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "The new physician&#46; A pressing reform in medical education"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Manuel G&#46; Leyte"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Manuel G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Leyte"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911108760734?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/00000022000000S1/v1_201301221349/S0213911108760734/v1_201301221349/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911108760710"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(08)76071-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-04-01"
    "aid" => "76071"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Salud P&#250;blica y Administraci&#243;n Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2008;22 Supl 1:19-26"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1938
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 124
        "HTML" => 1306
        "PDF" => 508
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Cap&#237;tulo 1&#46; Mejorando la informaci&#243;n y el conocimiento para las intervenciones sobre la salud</span>"
      "titulo" => "&#191;C&#243;mo mejorar la efectividad &#40;calidad&#41; reduciendo la brecha de la investigaci&#243;n a la acci&#243;n&#63; Informe SESPAS 2008"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "19"
          "paginaFinal" => "26"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "How can we improve effectiveness &#91;quality&#93; by reducing the gap between research and action&#63;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Enrique Bernal Delgado"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Enrique"
              "apellidos" => "Bernal Delgado"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911108760710?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/00000022000000S1/v1_201301221349/S0213911108760710/v1_201301221349/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Cap&#237;tulo 1&#46; Mejorando la informaci&#243;n y el conocimiento para las intervenciones sobre la salud</span>"
    "titulo" => "El marketing como herramienta para incrementar la eficacia de los planes de salud p&#250;blica&#46; Informe SESPAS 2008"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "27"
        "paginaFinal" => "36"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Asunci&#243;n Beerli-Palacio, Josefa D&#46; Mart&#237;n-Santana, Miquel Porta"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Asunci&#243;n"
            "apellidos" => "Beerli-Palacio"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "abeerli&#64;dede&#46;ulpgc&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Josefa D&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;n-Santana"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Miquel"
            "apellidos" => "Porta"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria&#44; Las Palmas&#44; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Instituto Municipal de Investigaci&#243;n M&#233;dica de Barcelona&#44; Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Barcelona y CIBER en Epidemiolog&#237;a y Salud P&#250;blica&#44; Barcelona&#44; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia&#58; Asunci&#243;n Beerli-Palacio&#46; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Marketing as a tool to increase the effectiveness of public health plans"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13632"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Marketing social"
            1 => "Marketing de salud"
            2 => "Eficacia de los programas de marketing de salud"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13631"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Social marketing"
            1 => "Health marketing"
            2 => "Effectiveness of health marketing programs"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El marketing social aplicado a la salud est&#225; emergiendo con fuerza en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os con el objeto de incrementar la concienciaci&#243;n p&#250;blica y promover cambios en las conductas de las personas&#46; Se ha demostrado que los programas o intervenciones que est&#225;n fundamentados en los principios b&#225;sicos del marketing social son efectivos para mejorar la salud p&#250;blica&#44; aunque &#233;sta no suele ser la pauta generalizada en la pr&#225;ctica en Espa&#241;a&#44; donde las pol&#237;ticas de salud se han basado m&#225;s en planes con un enfoque m&#225;s orientado a la eficiencia econ&#243;mica que a las necesidades de las personas&#46; Para que un programa de marketing de salud sea eficaz es necesario que contemple los siguientes aspectos&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> que el programa tenga un horizonte temporal de actuaci&#243;n a largo plazo&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> los objetivos se establezcan en t&#233;rminos de cambios de conducta&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c&#41;</span> se utilice la investigaci&#243;n de mercado como fuente de informaci&#243;n&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d&#41;</span> se establezcan acciones diferenciadas en funci&#243;n de los segmentos que se identifiquen como p&#250;blicos objetivo&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e&#41;</span> el programa se operativice en las 4 variables del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">marketing mix</span> &#8211;producto&#44; precio&#44; distribuci&#243;n y comunicaci&#243;n&#8211; y no s&#243;lo sustentar los programas en campa&#241;as publicitarias&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f&#41;</span> el intercambio sea el eje del programa&#44; entendido como aquello que motive a las personas voluntariamente a cambiar&#44; ofreci&#233;ndoles algo beneficioso como contrapartida&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g&#41;</span> se contrarresten los factores o fuerzas que compiten con los cambios de conducta deseados&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h&#41;</span> se utilice la responsabilidad social de las empresas como mecanismo de refuerzo de los programas de mejora de la salud&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el dise&#241;o de los programas de marketing de salud se deben definir acciones estrat&#233;gicas y operativas no s&#243;lo dirigidas a los adoptantes de las conductas deseadas&#44; sino tambi&#233;n a todos los agentes que puedan favorecer o dificultar el cambio &#40;profesionales de la salud&#44; industria farmac&#233;utica&#44; pol&#237;ticos&#44; sector publicitario y empresas de productos y servicios con objetivos contrapuestos a la salud&#41;&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recent years have seen a steady increase in social marketing applied to health with the aim of increasing public awareness and changing people&#39;s behavior&#46; Programs or actions based on the principles of social marketing have been shown to be effective in improving public health&#46; However&#44; that is not the general rule in Spain&#44; where health policies have been based on health plans directed more to economic efficiency than to citizens&#8217; needs&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For a health marketing program to be effective&#44; the following factors are necessary&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> the program has a long-term temporal horizon for action&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> the objectives are established in terms of behavioral changes&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3&#41;</span> market research is used as a source of information&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4&#41;</span> different actions are established according to the segments identified as targets&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">5&#41;</span> the program is operationalized in the four variables of the marketing mix&#44; namely&#44; product&#44; price&#44; distribution and communication&#44; and is not only based on advertising campaigns&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6&#41;</span> the core of the program is exchange&#44; understood as the factors that motivate people to change in return for the promise of something beneficial to them&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">7&#41;</span> the factors or forces that compete with the desired behavioral changes are neutralized&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">8&#41;</span> businesses&#8217; social responsibility is used as a mechanism to reinforce health improvement programs&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The design of health marketing programs should include definition of strategic and operational actions aimed not only at potential adopters of the desired behavior but also at all agents who may help or hinder behavioral change &#40;health professionals&#44; the pharmaceutical industry&#44; politicians&#44; the advertising industry&#44; and products and services with health-challenging objectives&#41;&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:40 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Developing a market orientation in the health service&#58; a survey of acute NHS trusts in Scotland"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;W&#46; Laing"
                            1 => "A&#46; Galbraith"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Manag Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "35"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10538029"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review of social marketing effectiveness"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Stead"
                            1 => "R&#46; Gordon"
                            2 => "K&#46; Angus"
                            3 => "L&#46; McDermott"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Education"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "107"
                        "paginaInicial" => "126"
                        "paginaFinal" => "191"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#191;Hacer m&#225;s o hacer mejor lo que hay que hacer&#63; Una reflexi&#243;n cultural ante las nuevas tecnolog&#237;as de prevenci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Porta"
                            1 => "I&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Aguado"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eidon-Revista de la Fundaci&#243;n de Ciencias de la Salud"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6"
                        "paginaFinal" => "11"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effectiveness of social marketing interventions for health improvement&#58; what&#39;s the evidence&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Gordon"
                            1 => "L&#46; McDermott"
                            2 => "M&#46; Stead"
                            3 => "K&#46; Angus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.puhe.2006.10.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "120"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1133"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1139"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095026"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ministerio de Medio Ambiente&#46; El total es lo que cuenta &#91;citado 14 Abr 2007&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.mma.es/secciones/total/index.htm">www&#46;mma&#46;es&#47;secciones&#47;total&#47;index&#46;htm</a>"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Movimiento Clima &#91;citado 14 Abr 2007&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.movimientoclima.org/">www&#46;movimientoclima&#46;org</a>"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El &#171;Prestige&#187; y las personas&#46; El impacto del vertido sobre la salud de las poblaciones humanas&#44; la salud p&#250;blica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Porta"
                            1 => "G&#46; Casta&#241;o"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "2&#46;&#170; ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "editorial" => "Greenpeace Espa&#241;a"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy&#44; persistent organic pollutants and the achievable utopias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Porta"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "806"
                        "paginaFinal" => "807"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12388564"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marketing social change"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Andreasen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "editorial" => "Jossey-Bass Ins&#46; Publishers"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "San Francisco"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marketing mental health services&#58; back to the basics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Lancaster"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatr Ann"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "435"
                        "paginaFinal" => "438"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Extending the vision of social marketing through social capital theory"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Glenane-Antoniadis"
                            1 => "G&#46; Whitwell"
                            2 => "S&#46;J&#46; Bell"
                            3 => "B&#46; Menguc"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Marketing Theory"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "323"
                        "paginaFinal" => "343"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673605178702"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A social marketing approach to changing mental health practices directed at young and adolescents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Andreasen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1300/J026v21n04_04"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Marketing Quarterly"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "51"
                        "paginaFinal" => "75"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774369"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marketing mental health to men&#58; theoretical and practical consderations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;B&#46; Rochlen"
                            1 => "W&#46;D&#46; Hoyer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jclp.20102"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Psychol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "675"
                        "paginaFinal" => "684"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15732086"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Control of&#44; the marketing effort in health care organizations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;D&#46; Suver"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Miller"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Marketing long-term and senior care services"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "editorial" => "The Haworth Press&#44; Inc"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Hazleton"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Health promotion and some implications of consumer choice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Price"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00695.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Nurs Manag"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "494"
                        "paginaFinal" => "501"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16919128"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship marketing and disadvantaged health care segments&#58; using internal marketing to improve the vocational rehabilitation process"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Peltier"
                            1 => "C&#46; Scovotti"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Marketing Quarterly"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "69"
                        "paginaFinal" => "90"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15914375"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Misplaced marketing&#46; The patients&#8217; lament and unhealthy medical care marketing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46;J&#46; Rotfeld"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Consumer Marketing"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "9"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of communication effectiveness and service quality on relationship commitment in consumer&#44; professional services"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Sharma"
                            1 => "P&#46;G&#46; Patterson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Serv Marketing"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "151"
                        "paginaFinal" => "170"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Customer empowerment and relationship outcomes in healthcare consultations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Ouschan"
                            1 => "J&#46; Sweeney"
                            2 => "L&#46; Johnson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Marketing"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1068"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1086"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of a social marketing-based consumer food safety initiative using observation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46;C&#46; Redmond"
                            1 => "C&#46;J&#46; Griffith"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br Food J"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "753"
                        "paginaFinal" => "770"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Satisfaction with nursing homes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46;M&#46; Steffen"
                            1 => "P&#46;C&#46; Nystrom"
                            2 => "S&#46;J&#46; O&#8217;Connor"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Health Marketing"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "34"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship building&#58; measure service quality across health care encounters"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Peltier"
                            1 => "T&#46; Boyt"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Schibrowsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Marketing Health Services"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "17"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Internal marketing&#44; nurse loyalty and relationship marketing&#58; an exploratory study of german nurses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Peltier"
                            1 => "A&#46; Nill"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Schibrowsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Marketing Quarterly"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "63"
                        "paginaFinal" => "83"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15145785"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The relationship between counselor job satisfaction and consumer satisfaction in vocational rehabilitation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Capella"
                            1 => "J&#46; Andrew"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rehabilitation Counselling Bull"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "205"
                        "paginaFinal" => "214"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Direcci&#243;n de marketing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Kotler"
                            1 => "D&#46; C&#225;mara"
                            2 => "I&#46; Grande"
                            3 => "I&#46; Cruz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "editorial" => "Edici&#243;n del Milenio&#46; Prentice Hall"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ethics in the marketing of medical services"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46;R&#46; Latham"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mount Sinai J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "71"
                        "paginaInicial" => "243"
                        "paginaFinal" => "250"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "P&#233;rez Rodr&#237;guez de Vera IM&#46; Recursos persuasivos de la publicidad social a trav&#233;s de las Campa&#241;as Gubernamentales y la Direcci&#243;n General de Tr&#225;fico contra el tabaco&#44; alcohol y drogas&#46; Hispanista&#44; 2006&#59; 22 &#91;internet&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.hispanista.com.br/revista/artigo183esp.htm">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;hispanista&#46;com&#46;br&#47;revista&#47;artigo183esp&#46;htm</a>"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Study on predisposition to blood donation of non-donors&#46;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Beerli Palacio"
                            1 => "J&#46;D&#46; Mart&#237;n Santana"
                            2 => "M&#46; Fern&#225;ndez Monroy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "titulo" => "EMAC 36th Conference"
                        "conferencia" => "Reykjavik"
                        "serieFecha" => "2007"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tabaquismo en la adolescencia&#58; Inicio de una adicci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; L&#243;pez Andreu"
                            1 => "I&#46; Ferris"
                            2 => "J&#46; Tortajada"
                            3 => "J&#46;M&#46; Roques Serradilla"
                            4 => "I&#46; Cortell Aznar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bolet&#237;n de la Sociedad Valenciana de Pediatr&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "82"
                        "paginaFinal" => "89"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The psychology of social influence and healthy public policy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;B&#46; Mittelmark"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prev Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "29S"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "What is and what is not social marketing&#58; the challenge of reviewing the evidence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;M&#46; McDermott"
                            1 => "M&#46; Stead"
                            2 => "G&#46;B&#46; Hastings"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Marketing Manag"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "543"
                        "paginaFinal" => "553"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Social marketing&#58; A behavior change technology for infection control"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;W&#46; Mah"
                            1 => "M&#46;L&#46; Rothschild"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajic.2005.12.015"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Infect Control"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "452"
                        "paginaFinal" => "457"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16945693"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La intervenci&#243;n con adolescentes y j&#243;venes en la prevenci&#243;n y la promoci&#243;n de la salud"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Portero L&#243;pez"
                            1 => "R&#46; Cirne Lima"
                            2 => "G&#46; Nathieu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Salud P&#250;blica"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "577"
                        "paginaFinal" => "584"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12422430"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673609607467"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marketing&#39;s doma&#58; a critical review of the development of the marketing concept"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Gram"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Marketing Bull"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "11"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio de la no participaci&#243;n en el programa de prevenci&#243;n de c&#225;ncer de mama en la ciudad de Valencia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Alcaraz"
                            1 => "A&#46; Lluch"
                            2 => "J&#46; Miranda"
                            3 => "I&#46; Pereiro"
                            4 => "M&#46;D&#46; Salas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "230"
                        "paginaFinal" => "235"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12057178"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marketing social"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Kotler"
                            1 => "E&#46;L&#46; Roberto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "editorial" => "D&#237;az de Santos"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib37"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Choosing health&#63; First choose your philosophy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; McKee"
                            1 => "R&#46; Raine"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "369"
                        "paginaFinal" => "371"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib38"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marketing social"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; P&#233;rez Romero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "editorial" => "Pearson"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "M&#233;xico"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib39"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La salud p&#250;blica y las pol&#237;ticas de salud"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Segura Benedicto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pol&#237;tica y Sociedad"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "55"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib40"
              "etiqueta" => "40&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Creativity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Porta"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Constructive conversations about health&#46; Policy and values"
                        "paginaInicial" => "149"
                        "paginaFinal" => "164"
                        "serieFecha" => "2006"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/02139111/00000022000000S1/v1_201301221349/S0213911108760722/v1_201301221349/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "714"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Cap&#237;tulo 1&#46; Mejorando la informaci&#243;n y el conocimiento para las intervenciones sobre la salud"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/00000022000000S1/v1_201301221349/S0213911108760722/v1_201301221349/es/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911108760722?idApp=WGSE"
]
Compartir
Publique en esta revista
Información de la revista
Vol. 22. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2008: Mejorando la efectividad de las intervenciones públicas sobre la salud
Páginas 27-36 (abril 2008)
Respuestas rápidas
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 22. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2008: Mejorando la efectividad de las intervenciones públicas sobre la salud
Páginas 27-36 (abril 2008)
Capítulo 1. Mejorando la información y el conocimiento para las intervenciones sobre la salud
Open Access
El marketing como herramienta para incrementar la eficacia de los planes de salud pública. Informe SESPAS 2008
Marketing as a tool to increase the effectiveness of public health plans
Visitas
1104
Asunción Beerli-Palacioa,
Autor para correspondencia
abeerli@dede.ulpgc.es

Correspondencia: Asunción Beerli-Palacio. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
, Josefa D. Martín-Santanaa, Miquel Portab
a Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
b Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica de Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona y CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen

El marketing social aplicado a la salud está emergiendo con fuerza en los últimos años con el objeto de incrementar la concienciación pública y promover cambios en las conductas de las personas. Se ha demostrado que los programas o intervenciones que están fundamentados en los principios básicos del marketing social son efectivos para mejorar la salud pública, aunque ésta no suele ser la pauta generalizada en la práctica en España, donde las políticas de salud se han basado más en planes con un enfoque más orientado a la eficiencia económica que a las necesidades de las personas. Para que un programa de marketing de salud sea eficaz es necesario que contemple los siguientes aspectos: a) que el programa tenga un horizonte temporal de actuación a largo plazo; b) los objetivos se establezcan en términos de cambios de conducta; c) se utilice la investigación de mercado como fuente de información; d) se establezcan acciones diferenciadas en función de los segmentos que se identifiquen como públicos objetivo; e) el programa se operativice en las 4 variables del marketing mix –producto, precio, distribución y comunicación– y no sólo sustentar los programas en campañas publicitarias; f) el intercambio sea el eje del programa, entendido como aquello que motive a las personas voluntariamente a cambiar, ofreciéndoles algo beneficioso como contrapartida; g) se contrarresten los factores o fuerzas que compiten con los cambios de conducta deseados, y h) se utilice la responsabilidad social de las empresas como mecanismo de refuerzo de los programas de mejora de la salud.

En el diseño de los programas de marketing de salud se deben definir acciones estratégicas y operativas no sólo dirigidas a los adoptantes de las conductas deseadas, sino también a todos los agentes que puedan favorecer o dificultar el cambio (profesionales de la salud, industria farmacéutica, políticos, sector publicitario y empresas de productos y servicios con objetivos contrapuestos a la salud).

Palabras clave:
Marketing social
Marketing de salud
Eficacia de los programas de marketing de salud
Abstract

Recent years have seen a steady increase in social marketing applied to health with the aim of increasing public awareness and changing people's behavior. Programs or actions based on the principles of social marketing have been shown to be effective in improving public health. However, that is not the general rule in Spain, where health policies have been based on health plans directed more to economic efficiency than to citizens’ needs.

For a health marketing program to be effective, the following factors are necessary: 1) the program has a long-term temporal horizon for action; 2) the objectives are established in terms of behavioral changes; 3) market research is used as a source of information; 4) different actions are established according to the segments identified as targets; 5) the program is operationalized in the four variables of the marketing mix, namely, product, price, distribution and communication, and is not only based on advertising campaigns; 6) the core of the program is exchange, understood as the factors that motivate people to change in return for the promise of something beneficial to them; 7) the factors or forces that compete with the desired behavioral changes are neutralized, and 8) businesses’ social responsibility is used as a mechanism to reinforce health improvement programs.

The design of health marketing programs should include definition of strategic and operational actions aimed not only at potential adopters of the desired behavior but also at all agents who may help or hinder behavioral change (health professionals, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, the advertising industry, and products and services with health-challenging objectives).

Key words:
Social marketing
Health marketing
Effectiveness of health marketing programs
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
A.W. Laing, A. Galbraith.
Developing a market orientation in the health service: a survey of acute NHS trusts in Scotland.
J Manag Med, 10 (1996), pp. 24-35
[2.]
M. Stead, R. Gordon, K. Angus, L. McDermott.
A systematic review of social marketing effectiveness.
Health Education, 107 (2007), pp. 126-191
[3.]
M. Porta, I. Hernández Aguado.
¿Hacer más o hacer mejor lo que hay que hacer? Una reflexión cultural ante las nuevas tecnologías de prevención.
Eidon-Revista de la Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud, 24 (2007), pp. 6-11
[4.]
R. Gordon, L. McDermott, M. Stead, K. Angus.
The effectiveness of social marketing interventions for health improvement: what's the evidence?.
Public Health, 120 (2006), pp. 1133-1139
[5.]
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. El total es lo que cuenta [citado 14 Abr 2007]. Disponible en: www.mma.es/secciones/total/index.htm
[6.]
Movimiento Clima [citado 14 Abr 2007]. Disponible en: www.movimientoclima.org
[7.]
M. Porta, G. Castaño.
El «Prestige» y las personas. El impacto del vertido sobre la salud de las poblaciones humanas, la salud pública.
2.ª ed., Greenpeace España, (2003),
[8.]
M. Porta.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, persistent organic pollutants and the achievable utopias.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 56 (2002), pp. 806-807
[9.]
A.R. Andreasen.
Marketing social change.
Jossey-Bass Ins. Publishers, (1995),
[10.]
W. Lancaster.
Marketing mental health services: back to the basics.
Psychiatr Ann, 19 (1989), pp. 435-438
[11.]
A. Glenane-Antoniadis, G. Whitwell, S.J. Bell, B. Menguc.
Extending the vision of social marketing through social capital theory.
Marketing Theory, 3 (2003), pp. 323-343
[12.]
A.R. Andreasen.
A social marketing approach to changing mental health practices directed at young and adolescents.
Health Marketing Quarterly, 21 (2004), pp. 51-75
[13.]
A.B. Rochlen, W.D. Hoyer.
Marketing mental health to men: theoretical and practical consderations.
J Clin Psychol, 61 (2005), pp. 675-684
[14.]
J.D. Suver, J.A. Miller.
Control of, the marketing effort in health care organizations.
Marketing long-term and senior care services, The Haworth Press, Inc, (1984),
[15.]
K. Price.
Health promotion and some implications of consumer choice.
J Nurs Manag, 14 (2006), pp. 494-501
[16.]
J.W. Peltier, C. Scovotti.
Relationship marketing and disadvantaged health care segments: using internal marketing to improve the vocational rehabilitation process.
Health Marketing Quarterly, 22 (2004), pp. 69-90
[17.]
H.J. Rotfeld.
Misplaced marketing. The patients’ lament and unhealthy medical care marketing.
J Consumer Marketing, 20 (2003), pp. 7-9
[18.]
N. Sharma, P.G. Patterson.
The impact of communication effectiveness and service quality on relationship commitment in consumer, professional services.
J Serv Marketing, 13 (1999), pp. 151-170
[19.]
R. Ouschan, J. Sweeney, L. Johnson.
Customer empowerment and relationship outcomes in healthcare consultations.
Eur J Marketing, 40 (2006), pp. 1068-1086
[20.]
E.C. Redmond, C.J. Griffith.
A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of a social marketing-based consumer food safety initiative using observation.
Br Food J, 108 (2006), pp. 753-770
[21.]
T.M. Steffen, P.C. Nystrom, S.J. O’Connor.
Satisfaction with nursing homes.
J Health Marketing, 16 (1996), pp. 34-38
[22.]
J.W. Peltier, T. Boyt, J.A. Schibrowsky.
Relationship building: measure service quality across health care encounters.
Marketing Health Services, 18 (1998), pp. 17-24
[23.]
J.W. Peltier, A. Nill, J.A. Schibrowsky.
Internal marketing, nurse loyalty and relationship marketing: an exploratory study of german nurses.
Health Marketing Quarterly, 20 (2003), pp. 63-83
[24.]
M.E. Capella, J. Andrew.
The relationship between counselor job satisfaction and consumer satisfaction in vocational rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation Counselling Bull, 47 (2004), pp. 205-214
[25.]
P. Kotler, D. Cámara, I. Grande, I. Cruz.
Dirección de marketing.
Edición del Milenio. Prentice Hall, (2000),
[26.]
S.R. Latham.
Ethics in the marketing of medical services.
Mount Sinai J Med, 71 (2004), pp. 243-250
[27.]
Pérez Rodríguez de Vera IM. Recursos persuasivos de la publicidad social a través de las Campañas Gubernamentales y la Dirección General de Tráfico contra el tabaco, alcohol y drogas. Hispanista, 2006; 22 [internet]. Disponible en: http://www.hispanista.com.br/revista/artigo183esp.htm
[28]
A. Beerli Palacio, J.D. Martín Santana, M. Fernández Monroy.
Study on predisposition to blood donation of non-donors..
EMAC 36th Conference,
[29.]
J.A. López Andreu, I. Ferris, J. Tortajada, J.M. Roques Serradilla, I. Cortell Aznar.
Tabaquismo en la adolescencia: Inicio de una adicción.
Boletín de la Sociedad Valenciana de Pediatría, 22 (2002), pp. 82-89
[30.]
M.B. Mittelmark.
The psychology of social influence and healthy public policy.
Prev Med, 29 (1999), pp. 24S-29S
[31.]
L.M. McDermott, M. Stead, G.B. Hastings.
What is and what is not social marketing: the challenge of reviewing the evidence.
J Marketing Manag, 5 (2005), pp. 543-553
[32.]
M.W. Mah, M.L. Rothschild.
Social marketing: A behavior change technology for infection control.
Am J Infect Control, 34 (2006), pp. 452-457
[33.]
P. Portero López, R. Cirne Lima, G. Nathieu.
La intervención con adolescentes y jóvenes en la prevención y la promoción de la salud.
Rev Esp Salud Pública, 76 (2002), pp. 577-584
[34.]
P. Gram.
Marketing's doma: a critical review of the development of the marketing concept.
Marketing Bull, 4 (1993), pp. 1-11
[35.]
M. Alcaraz, A. Lluch, J. Miranda, I. Pereiro, M.D. Salas.
Estudio de la no participación en el programa de prevención de cáncer de mama en la ciudad de Valencia.
Gac Sanit, 16 (2002), pp. 230-235
[36.]
P. Kotler, E.L. Roberto.
Marketing social.
Díaz de Santos, (1992),
[37.]
M. McKee, R. Raine.
Choosing health? First choose your philosophy.
Lancet, 21 (2005), pp. 369-371
[38.]
L.A. Pérez Romero.
Marketing social.
Pearson, (2004),
[39.]
A. Segura Benedicto.
La salud pública y las políticas de salud.
Política y Sociedad, 35 (2000), pp. 55-64
[40.]
M. Porta.
Creativity.
Constructive conversations about health. Policy and values, pp. 149-164
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?