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Vol. 6. Núm. 33.
Páginas 263-268 (noviembre - diciembre 1992)
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Vol. 6. Núm. 33.
Páginas 263-268 (noviembre - diciembre 1992)
Open Access
El ejercicio físico y la promoción de la salud en la infancia y la juventud
Exercise and Health Promotlon in Children and Youngsters
Visitas
5892
José Devis Devís1,*, Carmen Peiró Valert2
1 Instituto Valenciano de Educación Física (IVEF). Universidad de Valencia
2 Instituto de Bachillerato mixto de Massamagrell. Valencia
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Información del artículo
Resumen

La «nueva conciencia sobre la salud», que surge en los países desarrollados en torno a los años 70 y 80, ha contribuido a considerar al ejercicio tísico como un elemento de promoción de la salud. Pero también puede llevar a establecer relaciones simplistas entre el ejercicio físico y la salud, especialmente crfticas para los profesionales que desarrollan programas de promoción. En este artículo se discuten cinco aspectos problemáticos que deben tenerse en cuenta en los programas de promoción: 1) el papel problemático del ejercicio físico en la promoción de la salud y en la educación física escolar como área de actuación privilegiada en niños y jóvenes; 2) la relación automática entre condición física y salud, cuando la primera busca altos niveles de rendimiento físico y la segunda está vinculada a un ejercicio moderado, regular y frecuente; 3) los problemas que poseen los test de condición física como medida de la actividad física relacionada con la salud; 4) el supuesto de que cualquier tipo de ejercicio y actividad reporta beneficios saludables; y 5) la cantidad de ejercicio necesario para la salud como problema práctico. A partir de la discusión se ofrecen las siguientes propuestas, considerar los riesgos de la práctica de actividad físicacomo un criterio para la selección de ejercicios; enfatizar los aspectos cualitativos de la ejecución en lugar de los cuantitativos; reconceptualizar la condición físicay el deporte hacia un enfoque de salud; incluir una amplia gama de actividades que ofrezcan la oportunidad de participar a todos los niños y jóvenes; reducir la importancia de los tests en la evaluación de los programas; y otras consideraciones educativas que ayuden a mantener la práctica del ejercicio más allá del período escolar.

Palabras clave:
Actividad Física
Ejercicio Físico
Promoción de salud
Infancia
Juventud
Condición física
Summary

The «new health consciousness» that emerged in the developing countries in the 70s and 80s, has contributed to consider exercise as an element of health promotion. But it can establish simplistic relationships between exercise and health, particularly critical for professionals who develop promotion programmes. In this paper, five problematic aspects linked, to exercise and health relationships both in children and youngsters, are discussed and should be taken into account when promoting health programmes. We refer to: 1) the problematic role of exercise in health promotion and in physical education curriculum as an area of privileged action in children and youngsters; 2) the automatic relationship between fitness and health, when the former addresses to high levels of performance and the later is linked to moderate, regular and frequent exercise; 3) problems of fitness tests as a measure of health-related physical activity; 4) the assumption that any kind of physical activity is health-related; and 5) the quantity of exercise necessary for health as a practical problem. From the discussion different proposals are offered in order to develop health-related exercise promotion programmes such as to consider the risks of doing physical activity as a criteria to seled exercises; to emphasize the qualitative instead of quantitative aspects of practice; to reconceptualize fitness and sport towards a health focus; to include a broad range of activities which offer the oportunity to every child and youngster to participate; to reduce the importance of testing in evaluation programmes; and other educational considerations which can help to maintain exercise practice beyond the schooling period.

Key words:
Physical Activity
Exercise
Health Promotion
Children
Youngsters
Fitness
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Copyright © 1992. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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