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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La varicela es una enfermedad muy contagiosa&#46; En Espa&#241;a&#44; en 1996&#44; el 91&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n de 13 a&#241;os la hab&#237;a padecido&#46; Las complicaciones son m&#225;s frecuentes en adultos&#46; El herpes zoster puede reactivarse tras la primoinfecci&#243;n en un 15&#37; de los casos&#46; Se ha autorizado en Espa&#241;a una vacuna en mayores de 13 a&#241;os con serolog&#237;a negativa&#46; Objetivo&#58; Conocer la relaci&#243;n coste-efectividad de vacunar a los individuos susceptibles de la cohorte de 13 a&#241;os en el a&#241;o 2001 y realizar una an&#225;lisis de la sensibilidad de par&#225;metros que lo condicionan&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#193;rbol de decisi&#243;n&#58; programa Decission Analysis by Tree-Age&#46; Las probabilidades y costes se calcularon con Microsof Excel&#46; Para determinar la poblaci&#243;n se aplic&#243; el porcentaje de susceptibilidad del estudio seroepidemiol&#243;gico en Espa&#241;a al Censo del Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica de 2001&#46; Las probabilidades se calcularon con el teorema de Bayes aplicando la tasa de incidencia por edad de un pa&#237;s del hemisferio norte&#46; Los datos hospitalarios se obtuvieron del conjunto m&#237;nimo de datos b&#225;sicos &#40;CMBD&#41;&#46; Se ha utilizado la efectividad de la vacuna de Estados Unidos&#44; con una efectividad total del 71&#37; y parcial del 24&#37;&#44; representada por una varicela m&#225;s leve en individuos vacunados &#40;breakthrough&#41;&#46; Para determinar los costes&#44; se ha efectuado una consulta directa con diferentes fuentes&#46; S&#243;lo se tiene en cuenta los costes directos&#46; Se les aplica un factor de descuento del 3&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La vacunaci&#243;n contra la varicela podr&#237;a evitar 27&#46;278 casos&#44; y evitar un caso costar&#237;a 131 euros al Sistema Nacional de Salud &#40;SNS&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#201;sta es una aproximaci&#243;n del coste de introducir la vacuna de la varicela en el calendario espa&#241;ol&#44; desde la perspectiva del pagador&#59; sin embargo&#44; para tomar la decisi&#243;n se deber&#237;a tener en cuenta factores hasta el momento desconocidos&#44; como el efecto de la vacuna en la incidencia del herpes zoster&#46; Con los datos disponibles hasta el momento actual&#44; la introducci&#243;n de la vacuna en la adolescencia parece la estrategia m&#225;s adecuada&#44; pero se necesita de m&#225;s estudios sobre el tema&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Varicella is a highly contagious disease&#46; In Spain&#44; in 1996&#44; 91&#37; of the population aged 13 years old had been infected&#46; The complications of varicella are more frequent in adults&#46; Herpes zoster infection can be reactivated after the initial infection in 15&#37;&#46; A vaccine against varicella has recently been authorized in Spain for use in individuals aged more than 13 years old with negative serology&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the cost-effectiveness of vaccination of the cohort aged 13 years old in 2001 and to perform a sensitivity analysis of the parameters that are affected&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and method</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tree decision&#58; Decision Analysis by Tree-Age program&#46; Probabilities and costs were calculated using Microsoft Excel&#46; Population size was obtained from the 2001 Census of the National Institute of Statistics to which we applied the percentage of susceptibility from the seroepidemiological study in Spain&#46; Probabilities were calculated by the Bayes Theorem&#44; using the incidence rates by age of a country in the northern hemisphere&#46; Hospital-related data were obtained from the minimum data set&#46; We used the effectiveness of the vaccine licensed in the USA&#44; with a total effectiveness of 71&#37; and a partial effectiveness of 24&#37;&#44; represented by milder varicella in vaccinated individuals &#40;breakthrough varicella&#41;&#46; Only direct costs were considered&#46; Costs were obtained by direct consultation of different sources&#46; A discount rate of 3&#37; was used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Varicella vaccination could prevent 27&#44;278 cases of the disease&#46; Prevention of one case would cost the public health system 131 euros&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study constitutes an approach to the cost of introducing varicella vaccination in the Spanish vaccination schedule&#44; from the payer&#39;s perspective&#46; However&#44; to take a decision&#44; some unknown factors&#44; such as the effect of vaccination on the incidence of herpes zoster&#44; should be assessed&#46; With currently available data&#44; the introduction of vaccination in adolescence would seem to be the best strategy&#44; but further studies are needed&#46;</p>"
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