Estimar la cobertura vacunal documentada y la calidad de cumplimentación de la cartilla de vacunación en escolares.

Estudio descriptivo transversal en escolares de segundo de educación primaria de la provincia de Valladolid durante el curso 1999-2000. Se seleccionaron mediante muestreo por conglomerados 698 sujetos, y se alcanzó una participación del 82%. Se cuantificó el porcentaje de escolares con calendario completo de acuerdo con su edad, porcentaje de vacunas adicionales y calidad de cumplimentación de la cartilla. La información se obtuvo a partir de la cartilla de vacunación mediante un cuestionario, y a través de la historia clínica en aquellos que no la presentaron.

La cobertura documentada para las tres primeras dosis de DTP y polio es del 99,3% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 98,6-99,9), para triple viral es del 98,9% (IC del 95%: 97,7-99,5) y para el total de dosis hasta los 6 años es del 95% (IC del 95%: 93,4-96,7). De manera adicional, un 7,2% (IC del 95%: 5,3-9,2) está vacunado de la hepatitis B, un 14,4% (IC del 95%: 11,6-17) de Haemophilus influenzae tipo b y un 90,3% (IC del 95%: 88-92,5) de antimeningocócica A + C. La calidad de cumplimentación se consideró buena en el 84,4% (IC del 95%: 81,7-87,2) de las cartillas.

En escolares la cobertura vacunal sistemática y la antimeningocócica A + C es alta. La buena calidad de la cartilla permite utilizarla para determinar la cobertura vacunal. Tanto la calidad del documento como el hecho de haber recibido alguna vacuna no sistemática es mayor en el área urbana.

To estimate the documented immunization coverage and degree to which schoolchildren’s vaccination cards are kept up to date.

Transversal descriptive study of children in the second year of primary education in the province of Valladolid during the 1999-2000 academic year. The sample consisted of 698 children with a participation rate of 82%. The percentage of children whose immunization schedule was up to date in accordance with their age, that of children with additional vaccinations and the accuracy of the vaccination cards was quantified. Information was collected through a questionnaire on vaccination cards or, for children without one, from their medical history.

The documented immunization coverage was 99.3% (95% CI: 98.6-99.9) for the first three dose of diptheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine and poliomyelitis vaccine, 98.9% (95% CI: 97.7-99.5) for the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and 95% (95% CI: 93.4-96.7) for all doses up to the age of six. In addition, 7.2% (95% CI: 5.3- 9.2) were immunized against hepatitis B, 14.4% (95% CI: 11.6- 17) against Haemophilus influenzae type B and 90.3% (95% CI: 88-92.5) against meningococal A + C. A total of 84.4% of vaccination cards were corectly filled in (95% CI: 81.7-87.2).

Systematic immunization coverage in the schoolchildren was high. Because of their accuracy, vaccination cards were a useful tool for determining immunization coverage. Both the accuracy of the vaccination card and the incidence of non-systematic immunization were higher in urban areas.