Journal Information
Vol. 13. Issue 3.
Pages 191-200 (May - June 1999)
Vol. 13. Issue 3.
Pages 191-200 (May - June 1999)
Open Access
Validación de la escala de estresores laborales en personal de enfermería: «the nursing stress scale»
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V. Escribà
Corresponding author
vescriba@san.gva.es

Correspondencia: Agüir, IVESP. Juan de Garay, 21. 46017 Valencia.
, R. Más, M. Cardenas, S. Pérez
Institut Valencià d'Estudis en Salut Pública (IVESP). Conselleria de Sanitat -(Generalitat Valenciana)
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Resumen
Fundamento

El objetivo es este trabajo fue determinar la fiabilidad y validez de constructo (concepto) de una escala destinada a medir los estresores laborales a los que puede estar expuesto el personal de enfermería hospitalario.

Sujetos y métodos

La escala «nursing stress» (escala de estresores laborales en personal de enfermería) está integrada por 34 estresores. La adaptación cultural de la escala se hizo por medio del método de tradución-retrotraducción. La validación se realizó sobre una muestra aleatoria de 201 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital público de Valencia. La fiabilidad de la escala se valoró tras la readministración a una submuestra de 30 profesionales de enfermería, con un intervalo de 15 días. La validez de constructo, se obtuvo mediante la correlación de la escala con otras dos escalas: Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg en su versión de 28 items y 7 dimensiones del cuestionario de Salud SF-36 Resultados: La escala adaptada al castellano, consta de 34 ítems eliminando el primer item de la escala original (N1: Avería del ordenador) e incluyendo un nuevo item (E1: Interrupciones frecuentes en el trabajo).

La distribución de las puntuaciones obtenidas en la administración inicial de la escala y quince días más tarde no difieren estadísticamente. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach es de 0,92 para la escala total y en cada una de las subescalas fluctúa entre 0,83 y 0,49. La correlación de la escala y el cuestionario GHQ-28 items es de 0,34. Para cada una de las siete dimensiones del cuestionario SF-36 las correlaciones fluctúan entre –0,21 y –0,31.

Conclusión

La escala de estresores laborales en personal de enfermería es un instrumento útil para medir los posibles factores causales de estrés (estresores) en este colectivo. Tiene una alta consistencia interna y validez de constructo, al igual que la original americana, en cambio la fiabilidad es moderada.

Palabras clave:
Fiabilidad
validez de constructo
estresores laborales
escala
personal de enfermería
hospital
Summary
Background

The aim of this work was to determine the reliability and construct validity of a scale intended to measure job stressors to which hospital nursing staff may be exposed.

Subjects and methods

The nursing stress scale contains 34 stressors. The scale's trans-cultural adaptation was carried out by means of the translation-back translation method. Validation was conducted on a random sample of 201 health professionals in a public hospital in Valencia. The reliability of the scale was assessed after its readministration on a sub-sample of 30 nursing professionals, with a 15 day interval. The construct validity was obtained through the correlation of the scale with another two scales: The 28 item version of Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire and 7 dimensions of the Health questionnaire SF-36.

Results

The scale in Spanish lenguage contains 34 items after eliminating the first item from the original scale (N1: computer failure) and including a new item (E1: Frequent job interruptions). The distribution of scores obtained in the initial administration of the scale and fifteen days later do not differ statistically. The Cronbach's alfa coefficient is 0.92 for the total scale and in each of the sub-scales ranges between 0.83 and 0.49. The correlation between the scale and the GHQ-28 items questionnaire is 0.34. For each one of the seven dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire the correlations range between –0.21 and –0.31.

Conclusion

The nursing stress scale is a useful instrument for measuring possible stressors in this collective. It has high internal consistency and construct validity, as does the original American version, however reliability is moderate.

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Este trabajo ha sido realizado gracias a una ayuda de investigación del FIS (96/0954).

Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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