Journal Information
Vol. 9. Issue 48.
Pages 189-195 (May - June 1995)
Vol. 9. Issue 48.
Pages 189-195 (May - June 1995)
Open Access
Uso de métodos estadísticos en dos revistas médicas con alto factor de impacto
Statistical Methods in Two High Impact Factor Medical Journals
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Luis Carlos Silva Ayçaguer1,*, Carmen Pérez Nieves2, lliana Cuellar Wong3
1 Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana
2 Centro Provincial de Epidemiología. Ciudad de La Habana
3 Facultad de Salud Pública. Ciudad de La Habana
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Resumen

El trabajo se propone contribuir a la delimitación del modo en que se usan las técnicas estadísticas dentro de la «investigación de éxito» en biomedicina y salud actualmente. Se conjeturaba que el repertorio de métodos realmente necesario para llevar adelante la mayoría de las investigaciones de alto nivel es más bien reducido. Se seleccionaron dos revistas poseedoras de un alto nivel de impacto en las áreas de clínica y epidemiología: New England Journal of Medicine y American Journal of Epidemiology. Se revisaron los 2386 artículos originales y especiales publicados durante el quinquenio 1986–1990 en dichas revistas. Cada técnica estadística se clasificó en uno de cuatro niveles de complejidad y sobre esta base también fueron clasificados los artículos. Se contabilizó el grado en que fueron usados los procedimientos dentro de cada nivel y se analizó la literatura estadística citada en los artículos. Se realizó, finalmente, un examen descriptivo de toda la información. Los datos revelan que las técnicas ampliamente predominantes son las clasificadas en los niveles inferiores. Sólo el 12% para New England Journal of Medicine y el 17% para American Journal of Epidemiology corresponden al nivel de mayor complejidad. La literatura estadística especializada está virtualmente ausente en la obra analizada. Se demostró, en esencia, que este segmento de la investigación biomédica contemporánea prescinde con elevada frecuencia de técnicas estadísticas complejas y de las publicaciones especializadas en estadística; en general, se limita marcadamente al uso de recursos que no sobrepasan las técnicas multivariadas elementales. Se concluye que los métodos estadísticos más simples pueden bastar no sólo para comprender lo que se publica en revistas de ese calibre sino incluso para producir resultados de tal nivel.

Palabras clave:
Estadística
Investigación científica
Metodología
Publicación científica
Summary

This paper intends to contribute to the discussion about the use of statistical techniques within the current biomedical and health investigation. We hypothesized that statistical methods necessary to go ahead with most high level research were rather small. Two high impact factor journals about epidemiology and health sciences were selected: New England Journal of Medicine and American Journal of Epidemiology. Both represent what we have called «successful research». The 2386 original and special articles which were published along the 1986–1990 period were carefully examined. Each statistical technique was classified into one of four complexity levels. Each paper was eventually classified on the same grounds. The frequency of each method was used within each level was then accounted. Statistical cited literature was also registered for each article. Finally, a descriptive examination of this information was developed. The results show that techniques widely dominant are those classified as from lower levels. Only the 12% for New England Journal of Medicine, and 17% for American Journal of Epidemiology belong to the most complex type. It was shown that current biomedical research dismisses, to a large extent both, complex statistical techniques and specialized statistical literature. In general, it limits itself to ressources no more ahead than elementary multiavariate procedures. It was concluded that simpler statistical methods are useful enough not only to understand what is currently published in journals like the ones studied but to produce high level results as well.

Key words:
Statistics
Scientific research
Methodology
Scientific publication
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Copyright © 1995. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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