Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 85-92 (March - April 1998)
Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 85-92 (March - April 1998)
Open Access
Principales cambios en la epidemiología de las enfermedades infecciosas en el mundo
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J. Del Rey Calero*, E. Alegre del Rey
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Resumen

Este trabajo revisa el concepto y el impacto de las nuevas enfermedades infecciosas y las razones para su emergencia; a partir de ahí, describe algunas estrategias para su control. Entre estas medidas se encuentra, en primer lugar. el fortalecimiento de los servicios de salud pública, como la vigilancia epidemiológica y los laboratorios de salud pública, que permitan identificar nuevos brotes y nuevas enfermedades infecciosas. En segundo lugar la difusión rápida de los conocimientos generados, hasta las personas encargadas del control de enfermedades. En tercer lugar, la promoción de la investigación en este campo y la formación de personal especializado. Dentro de la investigación es prioritario el desarrollo de nuevas vacunas, potencialmente útiles también para el control de las enfermedades crónicas, consideradas hasta ahora como no infecciosas (úlceras péptica, coronariopatías, etcétera). Por último, se recomienda un “nuevo abordaje epidemiológico”, que integre los aspectos médicos y sociales de las enfermedades. Este abordaje es además el que permite la necesaria colaboración con los profesionales de otros campos, como la inmunología, la microbiología, la clínica y las ciencias sociales.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedades infecciosas
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Summary

This paper reviews the concept and impact of new infectious diseases and the reasons for their emergence; taking that as a start, it describes some strategies to control them. Among these measures we can find, firstly, the strengthening of public health services, such as epidemiological surveillance and public health laboratories, which allow us to identify new outbreaks and new infectious diseases. Secondly, the quick spread of the knowledge that is generated towards the people who are in charge of the control of diseases, and thirdly, the promotion of research in this field and the training of specialized staff. In the field of research, priority is given to the development of new vaccinations that are potentially useful for the control of chronic diseases which were considered until now as non-infectious (peptic ulcer, coronarypathies, etc.). Finally, a new epidemiological approach which integrates medical and social aspects of diseases is advised. Besides, this approach is what allows the necessary collaboration with professionals from other fields, such as immunology, microbiology, clinics and social sciences.

Key words:
Infectious diseases
Epidemiological surveillance
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