Journal Information
Vol. 4. Issue 17.
Pages 55-59 (March - April 1990)
Vol. 4. Issue 17.
Pages 55-59 (March - April 1990)
Open Access
Prevalencia de Síntomas Depresivos en Adolescentes y Adultos Jóvenes*
Prevalence of Depresive Symptoms in Adolescents and Young Adults
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Juan Manuel Sanzo Ollakarizketa*
Escuela de Salud Pública. Universidad Libre de Bruselas
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Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio es estimar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en tres grupos de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes (16–25 años) de la ciudad de San Sebastián. Para ello seleccionamos 188, 189 y 160 jóvenes desempleados, estudiantes y trabajadores, respectivamente, por el método de las cuotas. Como instrumento de cribaje hemos utilizado una versión en castellano de la escala CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression).

Utilizando el criterio estándar, puntuación global de la escala igual o superior a 16, independientemente de la duración de los síntomas, se obtuvo una prevalencia de síntomas depresivos de 44,68 % en desempleados y de 41,79 % en estudiantes, frente a 29,37 % en trabajadores (p < 0,01 y p < 0,05, respectivamente). Al tener en cuenta el criterio de puntuación igual o superior a 16, a partir de síntomas de al menos tres días de duración, las tasas obtenidas fueron de 18,08 % en desempleados y de 14,81 % en estudiantes, frente a 9,37 % en trabajadores (p < 0,05 y «no significativo», respectivamente). Estratificando según el sexo, observamos que las diferencias entre los grupos son a expensas del sexo femenino.

Estos resultados sugieren que una situación de desempleo parece actuar como factor depresógeno más importante entre las mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes que entre los varones.

Palabras clave:
Síntomas depresivos
Prevalencia
Adolescentes y jóvenes
Cuestionario
Summary

The objective of this work is to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in three groups of adolescents and young adults (aged 16–25) from the city of San Sebastian. For that purpose 188, 189 and 160 young unemployed, students and workers, respectively, were selected by the method of quota. As screening instrument, an Spanish version of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) scale was used.

Using the standard criterion of total score of the scale equal to or higher than 16, irrespective of the length of symptoms, a prevalence of 44.68 % in unemployed and of 41.79 % in students, opposite to 29.37 % in workers (p < 0,01 and p < 0,05, respectively) was obtained. Taking into account the criterion of total score equal to or higher than 16, starting from symptoms that last three days at least, the rates were 18.08 °/o in unemployed and 14.81 % in students, opposite to 9.37 % in workers (p < 0,05 and «not significant», respectively). Stratifying by sex, it was observed that the differences among groups were at the expense of the female sex.

These results suggest that a situation of unemployment seems to act as a depression-inducing factor, more important among female adolescents and young than among male adolescents and young.

Key words:
Depressive symptoms
Prevalence
Adolescents and young
Questionnaire
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Este estudio forma parte de otro más amplio que ha recibido una ayuda a la investigación del Departamento de Sanidad y Consumo del Gobierno Vasco.

Copyright © 1990. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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