Nivel de Conocimientos de Pacientes con Diabetes Tipo II de Atención Primaria

Piñeiro Chonsa, Francisco; Lara Valdivielso, Emilio; Muñoz Cacho, Pedro; Herrera Plaza, Teresa; Rodríguez Cordero, Reyes; Angeles Mayo Alastrey, M.a

doi:10.1016/S0213-9111(91)71059-5

Article information

Resumen

Con el objetivo de conocer el nivel de conocimientos de los diabéticos tipo II atendidos en un centro de salud urbano de Santander se realizó una entrevista personal a 148 pacientes utilizando un cuestionario validado de 14 preguntas sobre temas generales de la diabetes, aspectos dietéticos y manejo de complicaciones.

El coeficiente α de Cronbach del cuestionario fue de 0,69. La media de preguntas acertadas fue de 6,3 (IC=5,9–6,5). Los pacientes tenían mejores conocimientos de aspectos generales y en orden decreciente en manejo de complicaciones y temas dietéticos; las diferencias entre estos tres apartados fueron significativas (p<0,001). Los pacientes en tratamiento con dieta obtuvieron peores resultados que los tratados con hipoglucemiantes orales e insulina.

Nuestros resultados son peores que los reportados en poblaciones similares a nivel nacional. Debido a la heterogeneidad de la población de diabéticos tipo II en cuanto a sus conocimientos, creemos que es posible y recomendable establecer subgrupos de eduación en diabetes.

Palabras clave:

Conocimientos

Actitudes

Educación del paciente

Atención Primaria de Salud

Summary

A personal interview to 148 patients was carried out with the aim of getting to know the level of information of type II diabetic patients at an Urban Health Center in Santander. A validated questionnaire made up of 14 questions on general aspects of diabetis, dietetic habits and capability to handle complications was used.

The Cronbach's α coeficient of questionnaire was 0.69. The correct answer average was 6.3 (IC=5.9–6.5). Patients were best informed about general aspects and had much less information with regard to the handling of complications and to their diet. The differences among these three sections of questions were significative (p<0.001). The patients under diet treatment obtained worse results than those treated with oral hipo-glucemiants and insulin.

Our results are worse than those reported by other similar populations at a national level. Also, and due to the differences in knowledge within this group, we believe that the establishment of groups and subgroups when educating diabetic patients is possible and also highly recommended.

Key words:

Knowledge

Attitudes

Patient education

Primary Health Care

Full text is only aviable in PDF

Bibliografía

[1.]

World Health Organization.

Report of a WHO Study Group.

[2.]

D.S. Lane, D. Evans.

Measures and methods in evaluating patient education programs for chronic illness.

Med Care, 17 (1979), pp. 30-42

Medline

[3.]

Diabetes Eduacation Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.

The Teaching Letter.

¿, (1984),

[4.]

J.D. Williams, T.F. Williams, D.A. Martin, M. Hogan, E. Anderson, et al.

A study of diabetic patients at home.

Am J Public Health, 57 (1967), pp. 452-459

[5.]

P. Kronsbin, I. Muhlauser, A. Venhaus, V. Jörgens, V. Scholz, M. Berger, et al.

Evaluation of structured treatment and teaching programe on non-insulindependent diabetes.

Lancet, 2 (1988), pp. 1407-1410

Medline

[6.]

V. Binimelis, P. Villalbona, J. Ubeda, M. Codina, W. Torre de la, A. Leiva, et al.

Impacto de un programa educativo en el control metabölico y en el coste sanitario de la diabetes mellitus.

Med Clin (Barc), 87 (1986), pp. 221-223

[7.]

S. Karlander, I. Alinder, K. Hellstrom.

Knowledge of diabetes mellitus. Diets and nutrition in diabetic patients.

Act Med Scand, 207 (1980), pp. 483-488

[8.]

R.H. Spaniding, W.B. Spanldmg.

The diabetes day-care unit II: comparison of patients and cost of imciatmg insulin therapy in the unit and a hospital.

Can med Assoc J, 114 (1976), pp. 780-783

Medline

[9.]

L.V. Miller, J. Goldstein, D. Kumar, et al.

More-efficient care of diabetes in a county hospital setting.

N Engl J Med, 286 (1972), pp. 1388-1389

http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197206292862605 | Medline

[10.]

R.S. Scott, L. Brown, P. Clifford.

Use of health services by diabetes persons II; Hospital admisions.

Diabetes Care, 3 (1985), pp. 43-47

[11.]

J. Ostman.

Can adecuate control of diabetes prevent the development of vascular complications?.

Act Med Scand, 671 (1983), pp. 5-10

[12.]

R.G. Pietroni.

Diabetes care: Whose responsability?.

Br Med J, 289 (1984), pp. 1001

[13.]

J. Espinal, C. Munar, F. Balaguer, A. Espluga, M. Trilla, et al.

Nivel de conocimientos sobre su enfermedad de un grupo de diabéticos tipo II.

Atención Primaria, 2 (1985), pp. 314-317

[14.]

W. Wilson, D.V. Ary, A. Biglan, et al.

Psychosocial predictor of self-care behaviors (compliance) and glycemia control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Care, 9 (1986), pp. 619-621

[15.]

S.M. Dunn, J.M. Bryson, P.L. Hoskins, J.B. Alford, D.J. Handelsman, J.R. Turtle, et al.

Development of the diabetes knowledge (DKN) scales: forms DKNA, DKNB and DKNC.

Diabetes Care, 7 (1984), pp. 36-41

Medline

[16.]

Survey Research Center.

Interviewer's manual. Revised edition.

Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, (1976),

[17.]

J.H. Zar.

Biotatistical analysis.

2.a,

[18.]

American Psychological Association.

Standards lor educational and psychological test.

American Psychological Assoc iation, (1974),

[19.]

R.L. Ebel.

Essentials of educational measurement.

3.a,

[20.]

R.L. Thorndike, E.R. Hagen.

Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education.

4.a ed.,

[21.]

R.A. Windsor, J. Roseman, G. Gartseff, K.A. Kirk, et al.

Qualitative issues in developing educational diagnostic instruments and assessment procedures for diabetic patients.

Diabetes Care, 4 (1981), pp. 468-475

Medline

[22.]

W.K. Davis, A.L. Hull, M.L. Boutaugh.

Factors affecting the educational diagnosis of diabetic patients.

Diabetes Care, 4 (1981), pp. 275-278

Medline

[23.]

M.J. Norusis.

SPSS/PC + Advanced statistics V2.0.

[24.]

Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria.

Diagnóstico de Salud de Cazoña.

pp. 37-38

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe to our newsletter