Journal Information
Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 70-81 (January - February 2002)
Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 70-81 (January - February 2002)
Open Access
Las desigualdades en salud en Panamá
Health inequalities in Panama
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P. Sandiforda,
Corresponding author
peter@sandiford.net

Correspondencia: P. Sandiford. Institute for Health Sector Development. 27 old St Londres EC1V 9HL
, M. Salvettob
a Institute for Health Sector Development. Londres.
b Instituto Centroamericano de la Salud. Managua. Nicaragua.
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Resumen
Objetivos

Documentar las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la salud y en los servicios de la salud en Panamá, y así crear una línea de base para la monitorización prospectiva de la repercusión de las políticas sanitarias en la equidad.

Métodos

Análisis de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Vida, el Censo Nacional de 1990, y el Registro Nacional de Eventos Vitales. Se calcularon los índices de desigualdad relativa y los coeficientes de concentración para un variedad amplia de indicadores de gasto (de bolsillo) en salud, acceso, utilización y calidad de los servicios de salud, así como de la morbimortalidad de la población.

Resultados

Fueron detectadas grandes y estadísticamente significativas desigualdades socioeconómicas en salud, de las cuales casi todas favorecieron a los ricos. Las desigualdades identificadas incluyeron tanto factores cualitativos, como el tipo de atención recibido, como factores cuantitativos, co-mo los tiempos de espera y las tasas de utilización. Algunas de las desigualdades fueron concentradas en un grupo pequeño de la población, mientras otras fueron el resultado de una ventaja que aumenta progresivamente con mayor ingreso.

Conclusiones

Los resultados obtenidos brindan un punto de partida valioso para el gobierno panameño, a partir de los cuales puede identificar las inequidades más grandes en los servicios de salud y desarrollar políticas de salud para eliminarlas o reducirlas. También ofrece una línea basal para monitorizar los cambios en la magnitud de estas desigualdades en el transcurso del tiempo.

Palabres clave:
Desigualdades en salud
Panamá
Equidad
Abstract
Objectives

To document socioeconomic inequalities in health and health services in Panama and thus create a baseline for the prospective monitoring of the impact of health policies on equity.

Methods

Analysis of data from the 1997 Living Standards Measurement Survey, the 1990 National Population Census and birth registration data for 1996. The relative index of inequality and concentration coefficient were calculated for a wide range of indicators of out-of-pocket health expenditure, access, utilization and quality of health services and of health outcomes.

Results

Large and statistically significant socioeconomic differences in many of the variables examined were detected, almost all of which favored the rich. The inequalities identified included qualitative factors such as the type of care received as well as quantitative factors such as travelling times and utilization rates. Some of the inequalities were concentrated among a small, very poor segment of the population whilst others were the result of gradually increasing advantage with increased levels of outcome.

Conclusions

The results obtained provide a valuable starting point for the Panamanian government from which it can identify the most serious inequalities in health and health service provision and develop policies to eliminate or reduce them. They also offer a baseline to monitor changes in the magnitude of these inequalities over time.

Key words:
Health inequalities
Equity
Panama
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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