Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 1.
Pages 23-28 (January - February 1998)
Vol. 12. Issue 1.
Pages 23-28 (January - February 1998)
Open Access
Influencia de la infección nosocomial sobre la mortalidad en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
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C. Díaz Molina1,*, D. Martínez de la Concha1, I. Salcedo Leal1, J. Masa Calles1, J. De Irala Estévez2, R. Fernández-Crehuet Navajas1
1 Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba
2 Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba
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Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar la asociación entre la infección nosocomial (IN) y la mortalidad de los pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCIs), eliminando el efecto que sobre dicha mortalidad ejercen otras variables predictoras.

Método

Estudio prospectivo con 944 pacientes ingresados de forma consecutiva, al menos durante 24 horas, entre febrero y noviembre de 1994 en la UCI de un hospital de tercer nivel. La asociación entre IN (diagnosticada según los criterios de los Centers for Disease Control) y muerte se ha valorado con un análisis multivariable de regresión logística.

Resultados

La incidencia acumulada de mortalidad en UCI fue de 11,2% (intervalo de confianza95% = 9,9 – 12,5). Esta cifra fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes infectados (RR crudo de mortalidad de 2,2; IC95% = 1,5 – 3,1). El análisis multivariable mostró que el efecto de la IN (global, neumonías, de vías urinarias y bacteriemias), sobre el riesgo ajustado de muerte depende de la gravedad del paciente medida por el Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II). Cuando el APACHE II es bajo, la IN aumenta el riesgo de muerte del enfermo. Sin embargo, al aumentar esta puntuación el efecto de la IN sobre la muerte pierde relevancia frente a la del estado de gravedad del enfermo.

Conclusiones

La IN empeora el pronóstico final de los pacientes ingresados en una UCI, independientemente de su asociación con otras variables predictivas de mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Factor de riesgo
Infección nosocomial
Mortalidad
Regresión logística
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
Summary
Objective

To evaluate the association between nosocomial infections (NI) and the mortality of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, adjusting for the effect on mortality of other predictive variables.

Methods

Prospective study on 944 concurrent patients admitted for at least 24 hours in the ICU of a tertiary level hospital between February and November of 1994. The association between NI (diagnosed using CDC criteria) and mortality was studied using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The cummulative incidence of mortality in the ICU was 11.2% (CI95% = 9.9 – 12.5). This incidence was significantly higher in infected patients with a crude mortality relative risk of 2.2 (CI95% = 1.5 – 3.1). In the multivariable analysis, the effect of NI (global, pneumonias, of the urinary tract and bacteriemias) on adjusted mortality depended on the patient's Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. With low APACHE II scores, NI was associated with an increased mortality risk. Conversely, with higher APACHE II scores, the relevance of NI as a determinant of mortality decreased and prognosis was mainly associated with the patient's severity of illness.

Conclusions

The association between NI and mortality, adjusting for other prognostic factors for mortality, is confirmed.

Key words:
Intensive Care Unit
Logistic regression
Nosocomial infection
Mortality
Risk factors
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