Journal Information
Vol. 20. Issue 2.
Pages 124-131 (March - April 2006)
Vol. 20. Issue 2.
Pages 124-131 (March - April 2006)
Originales
Open Access
Incidencia de diabetes tipo 2 y análisis del proceso diagnóstico en un centro de atención primaria durante la década de los noventa
Incidence of type 2 diabetes and its diagnosis process in the decade 1991-2000 in a primary health care centre
Visits
1005
Manuel Mata-Cases
Corresponding author
mmata@medynet.com

Correspondencia: Dr. Manel Mata Cases. CAP La Mina. Mar, s/n. 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs. Barcelona. España.
, Esther Fernández-Bertolín, Xavier Cos-Claramunt, Manuel García-Durán, Teresa Mateu-Gelabert, Clara Pareja-Rossell, Enriqueta Pujol-Ribera
Centro de Atención Primaria La Mina, Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, España
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

Conocer la incidencia anual y los motivos de diagnóstico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en el período 1991-2000.

Pacientes y método

Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo. Revisión de las historias clínicas de todos los nuevos casos de DM2 registrados en un centro de salud urbano durante 10 años. Cálculo de la prevalencia e incidencia anuales en la población mayor de 14 años. Análisis de las tendencias temporales y periodicidad en la incidencia de DM2 (mensual, estacional y anual) mediante modelos ARIMA (Box-Jenkins), modelo paramétrico de regresión de Poisson y modelos semiparamétricos (GAM).

Resultados

Se identificaron 598 nuevos casos de DM2 (edad media [DE], 59,7 [11,4] años; 51,3% mujeres). Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes fueron la obesidad (58,5%) y la hipertensión arterial (68,2%). Los principales motives de diagnóstico fueron: hiperglucemias previas (64,7%) y la aplicación de protocolos de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (12,4%).

La incidencia anual fue de 37,9 por 10.000 personas (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 34,9-40,9), sin diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos. La prevalencia de DM2 al principio y al final del estudio fue del 4,4% (IC del 95%, 2,0-4,8) y el 5,5% (IC del 95%, 5,2-5,9) (un 25% de incremento relativo), sin que el análisis de tendencias mostrara un incremento progresivo de la incidencia.

Conclusiones

La incidencia observada es superior a la descrita en otros estudios. El incremento de la prevalencia no se relaciona con un incremento progresivo de la incidencia. Los motivos de diagnóstico más frecuentes fueron el seguimiento de hiperglucemias previas y la aplicación de protocolos de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Este hecho parece indicar un diagnóstico precoz que podría beneficiar a estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes tipo 2
Incidencia
Prevalencia
Diagnóstico
Atención primaria
Abstract
Background and objective

To determine the annual incidence and reasons for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 1991 to 2000.

Patients and method

We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study. The clinical records of all new cases of T2DM registered in an urban primary care center over a 10-year period were reviewed. The annual incidence and prevalence in the population aged more than 14 years old were calculated. Statistical analyses of temporal trends and periodicity (monthly, seasonal and annual) were performed with ARIMA models (Box-Jenkins), Poisson parametrical regression and semiparametrical (GAM) models.

Results

There were 598 true new cases of T2DM (mean age [SD]: 59.7 [11.4] years; 51.3% women). The most frequent associated cardiovascular risk factors were obesity (58.5%) and hypertension (68.2%). The main reasons for diagnosing T2DM were the presence of previous hyperglycemia (64.7%) and the application of protocols for other cardiovascular risk factors (12.4%).The annual incidence was 37.9 per 10,000 persons (95% CI, 34.9-40.9) with no differences between sexes. The prevalence of T2DM at the beginning and end of the study period was 4.4 (95% CI, 2.0-4.8) and 5.5% (95% CI, 5.2-5.9) (25% relative increase). There was no significant temporal trend in the incidence of T2DM over the years.

Conclusions

The observed incidence of T2DM is high compared with that reported in other studies. The increase in prevalence was not related to a progressive increase in the incidence. The most frequent reasons for diagnosing T2DM were previous hyperglycemia and the application of protocols for other cardiovascular risk factors. This finding seems to be related to an early diagnosis and could benefit these patients.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Incidence
Prevalence
Diagnosis
Primary health care
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green, R. Sicree, H. King.
Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.
Diabetes Care, 27 (2004), pp. 1047-1053
[2.]
A. Goday.
Epidemiología de la diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones no coronarias.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 55 (2002), pp. 657-670
[3.]
The DECODE Study Group.
Age and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 13 european cohorts.
Diabetes Care, 26 (2003), pp. 61-69
[4.]
L.E. Eberly, J.D. Cohen, R. Prineas, L. Yang.
Impact of incident diabetes and incident nonfatal cardiovascular disease on 18-year mortality: the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial experience.
Diabetes Care, 26 (2003), pp. 848-854
[5.]
F.X. Cos, J.F. Cano, M. Mata, M. Berenguer, M. Birulés, M. Bundo, et al.
Improvement in quality of diabetes care in primary health care centres: a seven years experience.
Proceedings of the 38th annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, (2002),
[6.]
R. Williams, L. Van Gaal.
Lucioni C; CODE-2 Advisory Board Assessing the impact of complications on the costs of type II diabetes.
Diabetologia, 45 (2002), pp. 13S-17S
[7.]
M. Mata Cases, M. Roset Gamisans, X. Badia Llach, F. Antoñanzas Villar, J. Ragel Alcázar.
Impacto de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la calidad de vida de los pacientes tratados en las consultas de atención primaria en España.
Aten Primaria, 31 (2003), pp. 493-499
[8.]
J. Franch Nadal, J.C. Álvarez Torices, F. Álvarez Guisasola, F. Diego Domínguez, R. Hernández Mejia, A. Cueto Espinar.
Epidemiologia de la diabetes mellitus en la provincia de León.
Med Clin (Barc), 98 (1992), pp. 607-611
[9.]
J. Bayo, C. Sola, F. García, P.M. Latorre, J.A. Vázquez.
Prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus no dependiente de la insulina en Lejona (Vizcaya).
Med Clin (Barc), 101 (1993), pp. 609-612
[10.]
B. Tamayo Marco, E. Faure Nogueras, M.J. Roche Asensio, E. Rubio Calvo, E. Sánchez Ortiz, J.A. Salvador Oliván.
Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Aragón, Spain.
Diabetes Care, 20 (1997), pp. 534-536
[11.]
C. Castell, R. Tresserras, J. Serra, A. Goday, G. LLoveras, L. Salleras.
Prevalence of diabetes in Catalonia: an OGTT based population study.
Diab Res Clin Pract, 43 (1999), pp. 33-40
[12.]
P.L. De Pablos, F.J. Martínez Martín, F. Rodríguez-Pérez, B.J. Anía, A. Losada, P. Betancor.
Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance in Canarian Caucasian population. Comparison of the ADA and the 1985 WHO criteria. The Guia Study.
Diabetic Medicine, 18 (2001), pp. 235-241
[13.]
P. Botas, E. Delgado, G. Castaño, C. Díaz de Greñu, J. Prieto, F.J. Díaz-Cadórniga.
Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus, WHO-1985, ADA-1997 and WHO-1999 in the adult population of Asturias (Spain).
Diabetic Medicine, 20 (2003), pp. 904-908
[14.]
D.K.G. Andersson, K. Svarsudd.
Long-term glycemic control relates to mortality in type II diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 18 (1995), pp. 1535-1543
[15.]
B. Berger, G. Stenstrom, G. Sundkvist.
Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of diabetes in a large population. A report from the Skaraborg Diabetes Registry.
Diabetes Care, 22 (1999), pp. 773-778
[16.]
M.I. Harris, K.M. Flegal, C.C. Cowie, M.S. Eberhardt, D.E. Goldstein, R.R. Little, et al.
Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fast glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in US adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
Diabetes Care, 21 (1998), pp. 518-524
[17.]
C.L. Leibson, P.C. O’Brien, E. Atkinson, P.J. Palumbo, L.J. Melton III.
Relative contributions of incidence and survival to increasing prevalence of adult-onset diabetes mellitus: a population-based study.
Am J Epidemiol, 146 (1997), pp. 12-22
[18.]
S. Vilbergsson, G. Sigurdsson, H. Sigvaldason, A.B. Hreidarsson, N. Sigfusson.
Prevalence and incidence of NIDDM in Iceland: evidence for stable incidence among males and females 1967-1991-The Reykjiavik Study.
[19.]
I. Njolstad, E. Arnesen, P.G. Lund-Larsen.
Sex difference in risk factors for clinical diabetes mellitus in a general population: a 12-year follow-up of the Finmark Study.
Am J Epidemiol, 147 (1998), pp. 49-58
[20.]
D. Ruwaard, R.A. Hirasing, R. Gijsen, H. Verkleij, A.I.M. Bartelds, D. Kromhout.
Is the incidence of diabetes increasing in all age-groups in the Netherlands?.
Diabetes Care, 19 (1996), pp. 214-218
[21.]
J.F. Blanchard, S. Ludwig, A. Wajda, H. Dean, K. Anderson, O. Kendall, et al.
Incidence and prevalence of diabetes in Manitoba, 1986-1991.
Diabetes Care, 19 (1996), pp. 807-811
[22.]
J.A. Vázquez, S. Gaztambide, E. Soto-Pedre.
Estudio prospective a 10 años sobre la incidencia y factores de riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Med Clin (Barc), 115 (2000), pp. 534-539
[23.]
M. Mata Cases, X. Cos Claramunt, I. Bobé Molina, C. Royo Pastor, R. Centelles Fernández, J. Davins Miralles, et al.
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: incidencia y diagnóstico en un centro de atención primaria.
Aten Primaria, 25 (2000), pp. 469-478
[24.]
M. Mata Cases, X. Cos Claramunt, E. Pujol Ribera, I. Bobé Molina, Centelles Fernández, R. Ortiz López, et al.
¿Adelantan el diagnóstico de la diabetes tipo 2 los nuevos criterios de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes?.
Aten Primaria, 28 (2001), pp. 17-22
[25.]
World Health Organization Diabetes mellitus: report of a WHO Study Group. Geneva: WHO; 1985 (Tech. Rep. Ser. n.° 727).
[26.]
The Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes melitus.
Report of the Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes melitus.
Diabetes Care, 20 (1997), pp. 1183-1197
[27.]
World Health Organization.
Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO Consultation (I). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.
WHO, (1999),
[28.]
M.D. Davidson, A.L. Peters, D.L. Schriger.
An alternative approach to the diagnosis of diabetes with a review of the literature.
Diabetes Care, 18 (1995), pp. 1065-1071
[29.]
M.I. Harris, R.C. Eastman, C.C. Cowie, K.M. Flegal, M.S. Eberhardt.
Comparison of diabetes diagnostic categories in the US population according to 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1980-1985 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria.
Diabetes Care, 21 (1997), pp. 1859-1862
[30.]
J.M. Baena Díez, M. Oller Colom, R. Martín Peñacoba, M. Nicolau Sabaté, A. Altes Boronat, C. Iglesias Serra.
Impacto de los nuevos criterios diagnósticos propuestos por la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA-97) sobre la prevalencia diagnóstica de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Aten Primaria, 24 (1999), pp. 97-100
Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?